This document discusses analogies and gerunds. For analogies, it provides examples of how two words can be related through antonyms, fields of expertise, or synonyms. Gerunds are formed by adding "-ing" to the base form of a verb. Gerunds can be used as the subject or object of a sentence, or after certain prepositions like "of" and "about". Examples are given for how to use gerunds in different parts of speech.

1. ANALOGIES AND GERUNDS
ANALOGIES
An analogy is a comparison between
two words that seem similar or are
related in some way.

2. • When you do an exercise about
analogies you must think about how
the words are related. For example:
poverty: wealth = misery: happiness
(ANTONYM)
art: artist = music : musician
(FIELD – PERSON EXPERT IN THAT FIELD)

3. utopia: paradise =
leaving behind :abandonment
(SYNONYM)
cause: effect = disease :symptom
(CONSEQUENCE, EFFECT)

4. Road is to car as track is to train.
Sources: http://www.seriouswheels.com/stuv/VW-1-Liter-Car-Road-1280x960.htm
http://www.ascensionearth2012.org/2013/04/the-train-keeps-rolling-feeling-your.html
Glass is to window as wood is to
table.

5. GERUNDS
Base form of the verb + -ing
write+ -ing = writing
She enjoys writing about science
fiction.
Source: http://sp.depositphotos.com/7123449/stock-photo-Attractive-student-girl-writing-her-homework.html

6. • Use the gerund as the subject of a
sentence. For example:
Learning Chinese was difficult for Helen.
Writing is an essential aspect in her life.

7. • Use the gerund as the object of a
sentence after certain verbs.
My cousin enjoys playing baseball.
John acknowledged breaking the law.
McCourt recalled living in the town of
Limerick.

8. • Use the gerund after a
preposition:
She has done a lot of reading today.
A Pakistani girl was shot for going to
school.
Chuck is excited about reading that
new book.

9. THANK YOU!