This presentation summarizes research on wine aging and sulfonate metabolites. It describes the synthesis of tryptophol-SO3H, indole-lactic acid-SO3H, and indole-acetic acid-SO3H. Red wines contained higher levels of epicatechin-SO3H and procyanidin B2-SO3H, while white/sparkling wines contained more tryptophol-SO3H, indole-lactic acid-SO3H, and indole-acetic acid-SO3H. Aged wines were found to be richer in sulfonate metabolites overall. A method was developed to quantify 32 sulfonate metabolites using UPLC-MS
Definition
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, or ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.
They usually contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as in water (2:1). Thus the name carbohydrates indicates that these compounds are hydrates of carbon.
Carbohydrates have the general formula
Cx(H2O)Y while X = Y e.g hexoses C6(H2O)6
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-2
PREPARATION OF THE ALCOHOL.
Ethanol is commercially produced using a process called fermentation. Many other alcohols can be made this way, but are more likely to be produced by synthetic routes - from natural gas, oil or coal.
Fermentation is the process in which yeast breaks down sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Yeast is tiny. The process does not need oxygen, hence it is the form of anaerobic respiration.
These are two types of fermentation
a) Alcoholic fermentation – producing alcohol
b) Lactic acid fermentation – producing lactic acid
Master of Science in Wine and Beer Science
University of West Attika
April 2021
Παραγωγή αφρωδών οίνων
Champagne
Cremant
Cava
Franciacorta
Trentodoc
Prosecco
Asti
Lambrusco
e-Seminar for the master students of the Agricultural University of Athens (Greece).
- Introduction: Metabolomics in Food Science
- Wine Metabolome
- White wine and oxygen
- Sulfonated indoles in wine
- Yeast metabolims
- Red wine and storage
- Sulfonated tannins in wine
- Redox storage
- Italian wines
Definition
Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes, or ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.
They usually contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as in water (2:1). Thus the name carbohydrates indicates that these compounds are hydrates of carbon.
Carbohydrates have the general formula
Cx(H2O)Y while X = Y e.g hexoses C6(H2O)6
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-2
PREPARATION OF THE ALCOHOL.
Ethanol is commercially produced using a process called fermentation. Many other alcohols can be made this way, but are more likely to be produced by synthetic routes - from natural gas, oil or coal.
Fermentation is the process in which yeast breaks down sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Yeast is tiny. The process does not need oxygen, hence it is the form of anaerobic respiration.
These are two types of fermentation
a) Alcoholic fermentation – producing alcohol
b) Lactic acid fermentation – producing lactic acid
Master of Science in Wine and Beer Science
University of West Attika
April 2021
Παραγωγή αφρωδών οίνων
Champagne
Cremant
Cava
Franciacorta
Trentodoc
Prosecco
Asti
Lambrusco
e-Seminar for the master students of the Agricultural University of Athens (Greece).
- Introduction: Metabolomics in Food Science
- Wine Metabolome
- White wine and oxygen
- Sulfonated indoles in wine
- Yeast metabolims
- Red wine and storage
- Sulfonated tannins in wine
- Redox storage
- Italian wines
Hamdard Laboratories (India), is a Unani pharmaceutical company in India (following the independence of India from Britain, "Hamdard" Unani branches were established in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and Pakistan). It was established in 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed in Delhi, and became
a waqf (non-profitable trust) in 1948. It is associated with Hamdard Foundation, a charitable educational trust.
Hamdard' is a compound word derived from Persian, which combines the words 'hum' (used in the sense of 'companion') and 'dard' (meaning 'pain'). 'Hamdard' thus means 'a companion in pain' and 'sympathizer in suffering'.
The goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him.
They had always maintained that working in old, traditional ways would not be entirely fruitful. A broader outlook was essential for a continued and meaningful existence. their effective team at Hamdard helped the system gain its pride of place and thus they made an entry into an expansive world of discovery and research.
Hamdard Laboratories was founded in 1906 in Delhi by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed and Ansarullah Tabani, a Unani practitioner. The name Hamdard means "companion in suffering" in Urdu language.(itself borrowed from Persian) Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed was born in Pilibhit City UP, India in 1883 to Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh. He is said to have learnt the complete Quran Sharif by heart. He also studied the origin of Urdu and Persian languages. Subsequently, he acquired the highest degree in the unani system of medicine.
Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed got in touch with Hakim Zamal Khan, who had a keen interest in herbs and was famous for identifying medicinal plants. Having consulted with his wife, Abdul Majeed set up a herbal shop at Hauz Qazi in Delhi in 1906 and started to produce herbal medicine there. In 1920 the small herbal shop turned into a full-fledged production house.
Hamdard Foundation was created in 1964 to disburse the profits of the company to promote the interests of the society. All the profits of the company go to the foundation.
After Abdul Majeed's death, his son Hakeem Abdul Hameed took over the administration of Hamdard Laboratories at the age of fourteen.
Even with humble beginnings, the goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him. Unfortunately, he passed away quite early but his wife, Rabia Begum, with the support of her son, Hakeem Abdul Hameed, not only kept the institution in existence but also expanded it. As he grew up, Hakeem Abdul Hameed took on all responsibilities. After helping with his younger brother's upbringing and education, he included him in running the institution. Both brothers Hakeem Abdul Hameed and Hakim Mohammed
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Vietnam Mushroom Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Pla...IMARC Group
The Vietnam mushroom market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.52% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/vietnam-mushroom-market
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
3. ConclusionsAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
Synthesis of TOL-SO3H, ILA-SO3H, IAA-SO3H
Identification of ILA-SO3H, IAA-SO3H
Quantification of TOL-SO3H, ILA-SO3H, IAA-SO3H, ECAT-SO3H, PROC-B2-SO3H
UPLC-MS/MS method development and validation – 32 metabolites
OH
N
H
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
TOL-SO3H
tryptophol-SO3H
IAA-SO3H
indole-acetic acid-SO3H
ILA-SO3H
indole-lactic acid-SO3H
ECAT-SO3H
epicatechin-SO3H
PROC-B2-SO3H
Procyanidin B2-SO3H
Red wines were characterized by ECAT-SO3H, PROC-B2-SO3H
White wines and sparkling was characterized by TOL-SO3H, ILA-SO3H, IAA-SO3H
Aged wines were rich in sulfonates metabolites
5. An update on wine ageing and sulfonations Results, indoles
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
OH
N
H
TOL
tryptophol
red
sparkling
white
O
OH
N
H
OH
indole-3-lactic acid
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
red
sparkling
white
O
OH
N
H
indole-3-acetic acid
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
red
sparkling
white
r= 0,62
Verdicchio
Age Age
6. An update on wine ageing and sulfonations Results, indoles
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
OH
N
H
TOL
tryptophol
red
sparkling
white
O
OH
N
H
OH
indole-3-lactic acid
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
red
sparkling
white
O
OH
N
H
indole-3-acetic acid
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
red
sparkling
white
r = 0,78
Verdicchio
7. An update on wine ageing and sulfonations Results, indoles
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
OH
N
H
TOL
tryptophol
red
sparkling
white
O
OH
N
H
OH
indole-3-lactic acid
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
red
sparkling
white
O
OH
N
H
indole-3-acetic acid
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
red
sparkling
white
8. An update on wine ageing and sulfonations Results, indoles
Amarone SagrantinoTannat
5 6 7 1413109 6 7 1312116 8 10 14 16 19 24 26 31
O
OH
N
H
OH
OH
N
H
TOL
indole-3-lactic acid
tryptophol
OH
N
H
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
TOL-SO3H
(tryptophol-SO3H)
ILA-SO3H
(indole-lactic acid-SO3H)
9. An update on wine ageing and sulfonations
red
Results, flavanols
sparkling
white
sparkling
white
red
ECAT-SO3H
epicatechin-SO3H
PROC-B2-SO3H
procyanidin B2-SO3H
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
10. Results, flavanolsAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
Amarone
6 8 10 14 16 19 24 26 31
Age
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
epicatechin
procyanidin B2
6 8 10 14 16 19 24 26 31
Age
Amarone
ECAT-SO3H
epicatechin-SO3H
PROC-B2-SO3H
procyanidin B2-SO3H
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
11. Results, flavanolsAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
Amarone Tannat Sagrantino
% PROC-B2
% PROC-B2-SO3H
% ECAT
% ECAT-SO3H
12. 1 11
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
1 10
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
1 10
An update on wine ageing and sulfonations Methods, synthesis
O
OH
N
H
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
N
H
TOL
indole-3-lactic acid
indole-3-acetic acid
tryptophol
OH
N
H
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
TOL-SO3H
(tryptophol-SO3H)
ILA-SO3H
(indole-lactic acid-SO3H)
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
IAA-SO3H
(indole-acetic acid-SO3H)
SO2 in water
indole in ethanol
+ 3 mol SO2
rt, 2 days
+ 18 mol SO2
rt, 14 days
+ 12 mol SO2
rt, 6 days
13. MethodAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
Metabolites
ILA indole 3-lactic acid
ILA-GLU indole 3-lactic acid glucoside
ILA-SO3H indole 3-lactic acid 2-sulfonate
IAA indole 3-acetic acid
IAA-ASP indole 3-acetic acid aspartic acid
IAA-SO3H indole 3-acetic acid 2-sulfonate
IPA indole 3-pyruvic acid
ICA indole 3-carboxaldehyde
2AAP 2-aminoacetophenone
TRP tryptophan
N-TRP-EE N-acetyl-tryptophan ethyl ester
TRP-EE tryptophan ethyl ester
MEL melatonine
SER serotonine
N-SER N-acetyl serotonine
KYNA kynurenic acid
KYN kynurenine
TOL tryptophol
TOL-SO3H tryptophol sulfonate
TYR tyrosine
TYR-EE tyrosine-ethyl ester
N-TYR-EE N-acetyl-tyrosine-ethyl ester
TYL tyrosol
PHE phenylalanine
ABA abscisic acid
ABA-GLU abscisic acid glucoside
CAT catechin
ECAT epicatechin
PROC-B1 procyanidin B1
PROC-B2 procyanidin B2
ECAT-SO3H epicatechin 4-sulfonate
PROC-B2-
SO3H procyanidin B2 -sulfonate
O
NH2
N
H
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
NH2
OH
O
NH2
OH
OH
O
OH
O OH
14. winesAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
195 wines
vintage: 1986-2016
93 white wines
35 Chardonnay
32 Pinot gris
24 Verdicchio
…
(2001-2016)
37 sparking wines
Chardonnay, Pinot noir
White, Rosé, Riserva
5 rosé still wines 60 red wines
18 Sagrantino
13 Tannat
12 Sangiovese
11 Amarone
…
(1986-2015)
15. AimAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
OH
NH2
N
H
O
O
NH2
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
N
H
TOL
N
OH
O
OH
N
H
O
NH O
N
H
OH
NH2
shikimic
OH
OH
OH
OOH
OOH
NH2
O
NH2
O
O
N
H
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
NH
N
H
O
O
O
NH2
N
H
O
epicatechin
procyanidin B2
phenylalanine
tryptophan melatoninserotonin
tryptophan ethyl ester
N-acetyl-tryptophan ethyl ester
kynurenic
anthranillic
kynurenine
indole-3-pyruvic acid
indole-3-lactic acid
indole-3-acetic acid
tryptophol
2-aminoacetophenone
OOH
NH2
anthranillic
16. AimAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
O
OH
N
H
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
N
H
TOL
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
epicatechin
procyanidin B2 indole-3-lactic acid
indole-3-acetic acid
tryptophol
ECAT-SO3H
epicatechin-SO3H
PROC-B2-SO3H
procyanidin B2-SO3H
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
OH
N
H
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
TOL-SO3H
(tryptophol-SO3H)
ILA-SO3H
(indole-lactic acid-SO3H)
O
OH
N
H S O
O OH
IAA-SO3H
(indole-acetic acid-SO3H)
17. AimAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
ECAT-SO3H
epicatechin-SO3H
PROC-B2-SO3H
procyanidin B2-SO3H
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
S
O
O
OH
18. AimAn update on wine ageing and sulfonations
OH
N
H
S
O
O
OH
O
OH
N
H
OH
S
O
O
OH
TOL-SO3H
tryptophol-SO3H
ILA-SO3H
indole-lactic acid-SO3H
19. An update on wine aging and sulfonations
Panagiotis Arapitsas, Graziano Guella & Fulvio Mattivi