2. Agenda
• What is architecture?
• What is Enterprise Architecture?
• How EA i b i i l
H is being implemented?
t d?
• Who’s running EA in the world and what
are the outcomes
• Practical steps for beginners
p g
• Questions
3. Architecture - Oxford
• “The art or science of building or
The
constructing edifices of any kind for human
use…
use ”
• “The special method or ‘style’ in
accordance with which the details of the
structure and ornamentation of a building
are arranged ”
arranged.
4. What is architecture IEEE
• “The organizational structure of a system or
g y
component.”
– IEEE Standard 610, “Standard Computer Dictionary: A
Compilation of IEEE Standard Computer Glossaries
Glossaries”
• “The fundamental organization of a system
embodied in its components, their relationships
to each other, and to the environment, and the
principles guiding its design and evolution.”
– IEEE Standard 1471 “IEEE Recommended Practice for
1471, IEEE
Architectural Description of Software-Intensive Systems.
5. What is system architecture
• Design:
– How each component should be build
– OO, Class, design p
g patterns etc’.
• Differences between architecture and design
– Many different designs may address the same need
– Different architectures imply different needs
• Sample from reality: House
– Architecture: number of rooms, main structure,
character, guiding lines.
– Design: interior design rooms structure electricity
design, structure, electricity,
etc’
6. What is EA
• Its not technical!
• Aligning IT to business.
• Answering all of the enterprise needs
• Transverse view.
• knowing and managing the current situation,
situation
paving the road for the wanted one.
• Implementation of information management
• Enforce homogeneous solutions and enable
“One system to the users.
One system” users
7. The TOGAF way
• Reference model
– How to do certain tasks.
– Not an outcome!
• Zachman, DoDAF, TOGAF, other sector
oriented.
i t d
• They’re all adjustable to your needs.
8. The TOGAF way
• Never ending organization process which builds
upon several stages:
– Initiation
– Business architecture.
– Information architecture
– Applications architecture
– Infrastructure architecture
– Governance
G
– Gap analysis
– And again …
10. Steps for each phase
• A – Initiation and Framework:
• Use Business Scenarios to define relevant
business requirements
• Identify stakeholders / concerns
• Build consensus with partners
• B – Baseline Description
• Build description of current system
• Id tif “what’s wrong”
Identify “ h t’ ”
• Inventory of re-usable building blocks
• C –Target Architecture:
g
• Identify all needed services
• Multiple views to address stakeholder concerns
11. Steps for each phase
• D –Opportunities and
pp
Solutions:
• Evaluate and select major work
packages
• E – Migration Planning:
• Prioritize work
• Develop outline plan
• F –Implementation:
• Develop full plan
• Execute
• G –Architecture
Maintenance
M i t
• Establish procedure for
maintenance of new baseline
12. Business architecture
• Enterprise architecture awareness
p
• Implement EA vision
– Organization commitment
– Mapping stakeholders
• Business architecture
–H
How th b i
the business works
k
• BPM / BPMN / BPEN
– Business targets
g
• What are the vision and mission.
• Gaps from current situation
– Constraints and demands from IT
13. Information architecture
• Influence from business architecture.
• Classification enterprise information.
• How information is being managed?
g g
• Where to store data?
• Data schemas
• How to collaborate data
• Mapping of unused / missing information
• Information availability
• Information security.
14. Application architecture
• Byproduct of business and information
architecture.
• Aligning systems to business needs
• Basic structure of systems
– Architecture patterns
• Relations and communication between
systems
• How systems share data
y
15. Technology architecture
• Influenced by other architectures.
• Needed infrastructure to support the systems.
• Collection of selected technologies and tools to
implement chosen architectures
– Development
p
– Tools
– Communication
– Backups
– Standards
16. Implementation
• Solution
– Mapping current situation
– Defining the ideal situation
– Gap analysis
p y
– Creating blueprints, instructions and standards to fill the gaps.
• Work plan
– Practical definition of migration to ideal situation on time line
line.
– Taking into account current situation and other constraints
• Governance
– G
Governance the chosen architecture in d il work
th h hit t i daily k
17. Who implement it
• Governmental agencies in the states
– DOD
O
– States
– FBI
• Firms & enterprises
p
– Exxon
– Starbucks
– Pepsi
– Telco (1.5 B euro).
– DHL
• Improvement of IT products and saving
• In Israel
– מפא"ת
– בזק
– אורנג
– משרדים ממשלתיים
19. Practical steps
• Read about EA
– Books:
• Enterprise Architecture Planning, Steven H. Spewak.
• The Practical Guide to Enterprise Architecture by James
p y
McGovern,Scott W. Ambler,Michael E.
• Handbook on Enterprise Architecture (International
Handbooks on Information Systems) by Peter Bernus,
Laszlo Nemes (Editor), Gunter Schmidt (Editor).
– Articles
• A Practical Guide for Developing an Enterprise Architecture
p g g p p g p
: http://www.gao.gov/bestpractices/bpeaguide.pdf
• Awareness
– Posters
– Organization meetings
20. Practical steps
• Choose a framework
– Learn it
– Consider hiring a consultant that knows it.
g
• Adjust the framework to your enterprise needs
• Determine the scope and objectives.
p j
• Create a vision.
• Get CxO level approve.
• Set KPIs (key performance indicator) for
measurement.
