9953330565 Low Rate Call Girls In Rohini Delhi NCR
Ameobiasis.pptx
1.
2. Ameba: Formally Phylum Sarcodina
R & J Ch 7
• Protozoa with pseudopodia (or if not, distinct
locomotive protoplasmic flow present).
• Mitochondria when present never in the form
of a kinetoplasts.
• Without apical complex.
• Without axostyles.
8. Ameba Diversity
• Most amoebas are harmless single cell
protozoans living in mud, water, and soil
feeding on other protozoans and bacteria.
• Some species are parasitic and
endocommensals and are quite common
inhabitants of animals.
9. Endocommensal and Parasitic
Ameba Diversity
• Domestic animals
• Birds are free
• Reptiles one species that is pathogenic
in snakes Entamoeba invadens
• Frogs and salamanders
• Leeches, termites, and cockroaches
• Hydra
• Humans
10. Some Ameba are Pathogenic
• Amebiasis- The pathological condition of
having an amoebic infection.
• -iasis- “indicates a pathological
condition”
13. Entamoeba histolytica
• One of the most important and
pathogenic parasites of humans.
– Although dogs, cats and primates may be infected,
these infections are rare and unimportant. This
parasite is primarily a human parasite and is
transmitted from human to human.
14. Entamoeba histolytica
• One of the most important and pathogenic parasites of humans.
– Although dogs, cats and primates may be infected, these
infections are rare and unimportant. This parasite is primarily
a human parasite and is transmitted from human to human.
• First seen in 1878 but not described until
1903.
15. Entamoeba histolytica
• One of the most important and pathogenic parasites of humans.
– Although dogs, cats and primates may be infected, these
infections are rare and unimportant. This parasite is primarily
a human parasite and is transmitted from human to human.
• First seen in 1878 but not described until 1903.
• Causative agent of the disease amebiasis
(old name is Amebic Dysentery).
28. Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle
• CYST: ingested with fecal
contaminated food or water.
• Excystation occurs in the
small intestine in an
alkaline environment.
29. Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle
• CYST: ingested with fecal
contaminated food or water.
• Excystation occurs in the small
intestine in an alkaline environment.
• Metacystic amebas
emerge, divide and move
down into the large
intestine.
31. Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle
• Trophozoites colonize the large intestine
and invade the mucosa.
• They live within the crypts
and mucosa of the large
intestinal lining.
32. Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle
• Trophozoites colonize the large intestine
and invade the mucosa.
• They live within the crypts and mucosa
of the large intestinal lining.
• Trophozoites may live and
multiply indefinitely within
the crypts of the LI mucosa
feeding on starches and
mucous secretions.
33. Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle
• Cysts form in response
to unfavorable
(deteriorating)
environmental
conditions, as they move
down the LI.
34. Entamoeba histolytica Life Cycle
• Cysts form in response to
unfavorable (deteriorating)
environmental conditions, as
they move down the LI.
• They are released in
formed feces.
35. Entamoeba histolytica
• E. histolytica has surface enzymes that
can digest epithelial cells and therefore
hydrolyze host tissues and cause
pathology.
36. Entamoeba histolytica
• E. histolytica has surface enzymes that can digest
epithelial cells and therefore hydrolyze host tissues and
cause pathology.
• Usually the hosts’ repair of the epithelial
cells can keep pace with the damage.
37. Entamoeba histolytica
• E. histolytica has surface enzymes that can digest epithelial cells
and therefore hydrolyze host tissues and cause pathology.
• Usually the hosts’ repair of the epithelial cells can keep pace with
the damage.
• However, when the host is stressed, has
too much HCl, or a high bacterial flora,
the digestion will be ahead of repair.
47. Entamoeba histolytica Pathology
• Frequently, intestinal lesions will heal
themselves.
• Two exceptions- External ulcers that did
not come from the intestine.
Ocular amebiasis
Genital amebiasis
49. Symptoms
• 10% of people in the world infected with
ameba, but only 3% ever have some sort
of clinical signs.
50. Symptoms
• 10% of people in the world infected with
ameba, but only 3% ever have some sort of
clinical signs.
• Abdominal discomfort.
51. Symptoms
• 10% of people in the world infected with ameba, but
only 3% ever have some sort of clinical signs.
• Abdominal discomfort.
• Intense pain localized on the right side.
52. Symptoms
• 10% of people in the world infected with ameba, but
only 3% ever have some sort of clinical signs.
• Abdominal discomfort.
• Intense pain localized on the right side.
• Dysentery.
53. So How Bad is This?
• In theory, ingestion of 1 cyst could kill
you.
• In practice, probably it will never
happen.
54. Prognosis
• 90% of time recovery.
- How much damage.
- Body will repair itself but this repaired
connective tissue in bowel will not
function.
56. Seriousness of Diagnosis
• Could expose someone to unnecessary
treatment.
• Will not be treating the real problem.
• There is an expense.
• Time factor.
57. Treatment
• Current drug of choice Metronidazole
(Flagyl).
• Side effects: Insomnia, headaches,
vomiting, intense vasodilation, mutations
on bacteria, and carcinogenic in mice.
60. Entamoeba histolytica
DISTRIBUTION - Parasite has worldwide
distribution but is most common in the tropical and
subtropical areas of the world.
- it is estimated that up to 500 million people may be affected.
- may cause up to 100,000 deaths each year.
61. Entamoeba histolytica
DISTRIBUTION - Parasite has worldwide
distribution but is most common in the tropical and
subtropical areas of the world.
- it is estimated that up to 500 million people may be affected.
- may cause up to 100,000 deaths each year.
PREVALENCE: < 1% in Canada and Alaska
0.9% in U.S.
40% in the tropics
62. Entamoeba histolytica
• A number of outbreaks have resulted
from a breakdown in sanitation or
behavioral practices of people.
63. Entamoeba histolytica
• A number of outbreaks have resulted from a breakdown in
sanitation or behavioral practices of people.
• Outbreak in 1933 World's Fair in
Chicago caused by defective plumbing
(cross connections between water lines
and sewer lines) caused over 1,000 cases
of amebiasis resulting in 58 deaths.
64. Entamoeba histolytica
• A number of outbreaks have resulted from a breakdown in
sanitation or behavioral practices of people.
• Outbreak in 1933 World's Fair in Chicago caused by
defective plumbing (cross connections between water
lines and sewer lines) caused over 1,000 cases of
amebiasis resulting in 58 deaths.
• Outbreak in the late 1970’s in New York
City among gay men.
