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© 2015, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its Affiliates. All rights reserved.
Grant McAlister – Senior Principal Engineer - RDS
September 2016
Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL
New Features and Lessons Learned
RDS Version Updates
Support for 9.5 (default)
New Minor Releases
• 9.5.4
• 9.4.9
• 9.3.14
Extension Support Additions
recent ip4r, pg_buffercache, pgstattuple
9.5 address_standardizer, address_standardizer_us,
hstore_plperl, tsm_system_rows, tsm_system_time
Extension Support Additions
recent ip4r, pg_buffercache, pgstattuple
9.5 address_standardizer, address_standardizer_us,
hstore_plperl, tsm_system_rows, tsm_system_time
rds-postgres-extensions-request@amazon.com
9.3 Original - 32
9.3 Current - 35
9.4 Current - 39
9.5 Current - 44
Future - ???
9.5 Parameter Changes - Checkpointing
checkpoint_segments=16 checkpoint_timeout=5 min
min_wal_size=256MB & max_wal_size=2GB checkpoint_timeout=5 min
9.5 Parameter Changes - Checkpointing
checkpoint_segments=16 checkpoint_timeout=5 min
Checkpoint after 5 min or 16x16 (256MB)
min_wal_size=256MB & max_wal_size=2GB checkpoint_timeout=5 min
9.5 Parameter Changes - Checkpointing
checkpoint_segments=16 checkpoint_timeout=5 min
Checkpoint after 5 min or 16x16 (256MB)
min_wal_size=256MB & max_wal_size=2GB checkpoint_timeout=5 min
9.5 Parameter Changes - Checkpointing
checkpoint_segments=16 checkpoint_timeout=5 min
Checkpoint after 5 min or 16x16 (256MB)
min_wal_size=256MB & max_wal_size=2GB checkpoint_timeout=5 min
Checkpoint after 5 min or 2GB
9.5 RDS Parameter Default Improvement
rds_superuser_reserved_connections
9.4 Defaults to 0
9.5 Defaults to 2
max_connections
9.3/9.4 {DBInstanceClassMemory/31457280}
9.5 LEAST({DBInstanceClassMemory/9531392},5000)
Higher values for smaller instances but stops at 5000 connections on large instances
max_connections
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
t2.micro t2.small t2.medium t2.large m3.medium m3.large
Connections
Old New
max_connections
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
Connections
Old New
All Version Default Parameter Changes
maintenance_work_mem
Before
9.3 = 16MB
9.4 = 64MB
Now
9.3/9.4/9.5 = GREATEST({DBInstanceClassMemory/63963136*1024},65536)
Minimum of 64MB but now scales with instance size
Only applies to default parameter groups and newly create custom groups
maintenance_work_mem
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
maintenance_work_mem(MB)
Ver 9.3 old Ver 9.4 old Current
maintenance_work_mem
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
maintenance_work_mem(MB)
Ver 9.3 old Ver 9.4 old Current
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Backup
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
pg_upgrade
Backup
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
pg_upgrade
Backup Backup
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Prod
9.5
pg_upgrade
Backup Backup
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Prod
9.5
pg_upgrade
Backup Backup
No PITR
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Test
9.4
Restore to a test instance
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Test
9.4
pg_upgrade
Restore to a test instance
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Test
9.4
Test
9.5
pg_upgrade
Restore to a test instance
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Test
9.4
Test
9.5
pg_upgrade
Restore to a test instance
Application
Testing
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Test
9.4
Test
9.5
pg_upgrade
Restore to a test instance
Application
Testing
Major version upgrade
Prod
9.4
Prod
9.5
pg_upgrade
Backup Backup
No PITR
Test
9.4
Test
9.5
pg_upgrade
Restore to a test instance
Application
Testing
Security
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
Log Backups
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
Log Backups
Security Group
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
VPC
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
VPC
Encryption at Rest
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
VPC
Encryption at Rest
ssl_mode=disable
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
VPC
Encryption at Rest
ssl_mode=disable
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
VPC
Encryption at Rest
ssl_mode=disable
rds.force_ssl=1 (default 0)
Forcing SSL on all connections
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Application
Host
SSL
Log Backups
Security Group
VPC
Encryption at Rest
ssl_mode=disable
rds.force_ssl=1 (default 0)
Unencrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
SnapshotDB
Instance
Snapshot
Share with account
Share to Public
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Encryption at Rest
Default
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Default
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Default
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Custom
Key
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Custom
Key
Add external
account
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
Snapshot
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Custom
Key
Add external
account
Encrypted Snapshot Sharing
DB
Instance
Snapshot
Prod Account
Test Account
SnapshotDB
Instance
Snapshot
Share with account
Encryption at Rest
Custom
Key
Add external
account
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2 Threads 4 Threads 8 Threads 16 Threads 32 Threads 64 Threads
TransactionsPerSecond(TPS)
PG Bench - Read Only - In Memory
Regular
Encrypted
Encryption at rest overhead
No measureable overhead
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
2 Threads 4 Threads 8 Threads 16 Threads 32 Threads 64 Threads
TransactionsPerSecond(TPS)
PG Bench - Read & Write
Regular
Encrypted
Encryption at rest overhead
5 to 10% Overhead on heavy write
Data movement
Logical Replication Support
• Supported with 9.5.4 and 9.4.9
• Set rds.logical_replication parameter to 1
• As user who has rds_replication & rds_superuser role
SELECT * FROM pg_create_logical_replication_slot('test_slot', 'test_decoding');
pg_recvlogical -d postgres --slot test_slot -U master --host $rds_hostname -f - --start
• Added support for Event Triggers
Logical Decoding Space Usage
Move data to the same or different database engine
Keep your apps running during the migration
Start your first migration in 10 minutes or less
Replicate within, to, or from AWS EC2 or RDS
AWS
Database Migration
Service
(DMS)
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Keep your apps running during the migration
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Start a replication instance
Keep your apps running during the migration
AWS Database
Migration Service
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Start a replication instance
Connect to source and target databases
Keep your apps running during the migration
AWS Database
Migration Service
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Start a replication instance
Connect to source and target databases
Select tables, schemas, or databases
Keep your apps running during the migration
AWS Database
Migration Service
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Start a replication instance
Connect to source and target databases
Select tables, schemas, or databases
Let the AWS Database Migration
Service create tables and load data
Keep your apps running during the migration
AWS Database
Migration Service
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Start a replication instance
Connect to source and target databases
Select tables, schemas, or databases
Let the AWS Database Migration
Service create tables and load data
Uses change data capture to keep
them in sync
Keep your apps running during the migration
AWS Database
Migration Service
Customer
Premises
Application Users
EC2
or
RDS
Internet
VPN
Start a replication instance
Connect to source and target databases
Select tables, schemas, or databases
Let the AWS Database Migration
Service create tables and load data
Uses change data capture to keep
them in sync
Switch applications over to the target
at your convenience
Keep your apps running during the migration
AWS Database
Migration Service
AWS Database Migration Service - PostgreSQL
• Source - on premise or EC2 PostgreSQL (9.4+)
RDS (9.4.9 or 9.5.4)
• Destination can be EC2 or RDS
• Initial bulk copy via consistent select
• Uses PostgreSQL logical replication support to provide
change data capture
https://aws.amazon.com/dms/
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
DMS
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
Redshift
DMS
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
Redshift
On Premise
Postgres
DMS
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
Redshift
EC2
Postgres
On Premise
Postgres
DMS
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
Redshift
EC2
Postgres
On Premise
Postgres
DMS
EC2
Oracle
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
Redshift
EC2
Postgres
On Premise
Postgres
DMS
EC2
Oracle
Custom
Logical
Handler
Logical Replication Support - Example
RDS
Postgres
RDS
Postgres
Logical Replica
Redshift
EC2
Postgres
On Premise
Postgres
DMS
EC2
Oracle
Custom
Logical
Handler
NoSQL DB
Schema Conversion Tool - SCT
Downloadable tool (Windows, Mac, Linux Desktop)
Source Database Target Database on Amazon RDS
Microsoft SQL Server Amazon Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL
MySQL PostgreSQL
Oracle Amazon Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL Amazon Aurora, MySQL
SCT - Analysis
SCT - Detailed
Vacuum parameters
Will auto vacuum when
• autovacuum_vacuum_threshold +
autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor * pgclass.reltuples
How hard auto vacuum works
• autovacuum_max_workers
• autovacuum_nap_time
• autovacuum_cost_limit
• autovacuum_cost_delay
RDS autovacuum logging (9.4.5+)
log_autovacuum_min_duration = 5000 (i.e. 5 secs)
rds.force_autovacuum_logging_level = LOG
…[14638]:ERROR: canceling autovacuum task
…[14638]:CONTEXT: automatic vacuum of table "postgres.public.pgbench_tellers"
…[14638]:LOG: skipping vacuum of "pgbench_branches" --- lock not available
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Appendix.PostgreSQL.Comm
onDBATasks.html#Appendix.PostgreSQL.CommonDBATasks.Autovacuum
RDS autovacuum visibility(9.3.12, 9.4.7, 9.5.2)
pg_stat_activity
BEFORE
usename | query
----------+-------------------------------------------------------------
rdsadmin | <insufficient privilege>
rdsadmin | <insufficient privilege>
gtest | SELECT c FROM sbtest27 WHERE id BETWEEN 392582 AND 392582+4
gtest | select usename, query from pg_stat_activity
NOW
usename | query
----------+----------------------------------------------
rdsadmin | <insufficient privilege>
gtest | select usename, query from pg_stat_activity
gtest | COMMIT
rdsadmin | autovacuum: ANALYZE public.sbtest16
CloudWatch Metric
Scale and availability
M4 Instance Class – pgbench read only
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1 2 4 8 16
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Threads
db.m3.large db.m4.large
46% Better Price/Performance
37% TPS Increase
$0.390 $0.365
Enhanced Operating System (OS) metrics
1-60 second granularity
cpuUtilization
• guest
• irq
• system
• wait
• idl:
• user
• total
• steal
• nice
diskIO
• writeKbPS
• readIOsPS
• await
• readKbPS
• rrqmPS
• util
• avgQueueLen
• tps
• readKb
• writeKb
• avgReqSz
• wrqmPS
• writeIOsPS
memory
• writeback
• cached
• free
• inactive
• dirty
• mapped
• active
• total
• slab
• buffers
• pageTable
• Hugepages
swap
• cached
• total
• free
tasks
• sleeping
• zombie
• running
• stopped
• total
• blocked
fileSys
• used
• usedFiles
• usedFilePercent
• maxFiles
• total
• usedPercent
loadAverageMinute
• fifteen
• five
• one
uptime
processList
• name
• cpuTime
• parentID
• memoryUsedPct
• cpuUsedPct
• id
• rss
• vss
Process List
OS metrics
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
select of data – check for buffer in shared_buffers
1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
select of data – check for buffer in shared_buffers
1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
select of data – check for buffer in shared_buffers
if not in shared_buffers load from pagecache/disk
1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
select of data – check for buffer in shared_buffers
if not in shared_buffers load from pagecache/disk
EBS
1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
select of data – check for buffer in shared_buffers
if not in shared_buffers load from pagecache/disk
EBS
1/4
shared_buffers parameter
244GB RAM
PG processes
shared_buffers
Linux
pagecache
select of data – check for buffer in shared_buffers
if not in shared_buffers load from pagecache/disk
EBS
1/4
shared_buffers = working set size
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
3% 6% 13% 25% 50% 75%
transactionspersecond(TPS)
shared_buffers as a percentage of system memory
pgbench write workload on r3.8xlarge
working set = 10% of memory
25 threads
50 threads
100 threads
200 threads
400 threads
800 threads
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
13% 25% 50% 75%
transactionspersecond(TPS)
shared_buffers as a percentage of system memory
pgbench write workload on r3.8xlarge
working set = 50% of memory
25 threads
50 threads
100 threads
200 threads
400 threads
800 threads
Stats on RAMDISK
• Set rds.pg_stat_ramdisk_size in MB’s
• Creates a RAM disk and sets stats_temp_directory to
use it.
• Reduces IOPS
• Good for instances with many tables/indexes and
databases.
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
AZ1 AZ2
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
AZ1 AZ2
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
AZ1 AZ2
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
DNS
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
DNS
Primary Update
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
DNS
cname update
Primary Update
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
DNS
cname update
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
DNS
cname update
Availability – Read and Write – Multi-AZ
Physical
Synchronous
Replication
AZ1 AZ2
DNS
cname update
Read Replicas = Availability
Sync
Replication
Multi-AZ
Read Replicas = Availability
Sync
Replication
Multi-AZ
Async Replication
Read Replicas = Availability
Sync
Replication
Multi-AZ
Async Replication
Read Replicas = Availability
Sync
Replication
Multi-AZ
Async Replication
Read Replicas = Availability
Async Replication
Read Replicas = Availability
Async Replication
Read Replicas = Availability
Async Replication
Read Replicas = Availability
Async Replication
Read Replica promotion
AZ1 AZ2 AZ3
Read Replica promotion
AZ1 AZ2 AZ3
Read Replica promotion
AZ1 AZ2 AZ3
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1 AZ2
US-EAST-1
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1 AZ2 AZ1
Async Replication
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1 AZ2 AZ1
Async Replication
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1 AZ2 AZ1
Async Replication
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1 AZ2 AZ1
Async Replication
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1 AZ2 AZ1
Async Replication
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
AZ2
Cross Region Replicas – DR & Moves
AZ1
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
AZ2
Cross Region Replicas – Reduce Latency
AZ1 AZ2
US-EAST-1
Cross Region Replicas – Reduce Latency
AZ1 AZ2 AZ1
Async Replication
US-EAST-1 EU-WEST-1
Replication – In Region
Replication – In Region
xlog1
Replication – In Region
xlog1
xlog2
xlog3
xlog99
xlog1
Replication – In Region
xlog2
xlog3
xlog99
xlog1
Replication – In Region
xlog2
xlog3
xlog99
xlog1
xlog1
Replication – In Region
xlog2
xlog3
xlog99
xlog1
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
xlog1
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
xlog1
xlog2
xlog3
xlog98
xlog4
xlog99
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
xlog1
xlog2
xlog3
xlog98
xlog4
xlog99
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
xlog1
xlog2
xlog3
xlog98
xlog4
xlog99
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
Promote
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
Delete
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
max_standby_streaming_delay = -1
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
max_standby_streaming_delay = -1
Replication – Cross Region & Slots
CloudWatch – Replication Lag
CloudWatch – Slot usage for WAL
Burst mode: GP2 and T2
T2 – Amazon EC2 instance with burst capability
• Base performance + burst
• Earn credits per hour when below base performance
• Can store up to 24 hours worth of credits
• Amazon CloudWatch metrics to see credits and usage
GP2 – SSD-based Amazon EBS storage
• 3 IOPS per GB base performance
• Earn credits when usage below base
• Burst to 3000+ IOPS
T2 – CPU credits
Burst mode: what’s new
db.t2.large
• 60 CPU Initial Credit
• 36 CPU Credit earned per hour
• Base Performance – 60%
• 8 GB RAM
• Increased IO bandwidth
• Encryption at rest support
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
Burst mode vs. classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.58 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
Burst mode vs. classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.58 per hour
$0.40 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
Burst mode vs. classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.58 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.t2.medium + 200GB gp2
Burst mode vs. Classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.10 per hour
$0.58 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.t2.medium + 200GB gp2
Burst mode vs. Classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.10 per hour
$0.58 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.t2.medium + 200GB gp2
db.t2.medium + 1TB gp2
Burst mode vs. Classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.10 per hour
$0.58 per hour
$0.23 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.t2.medium + 200GB gp2
db.t2.medium + 1TB gp2
Burst mode vs. Classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.10 per hour
$0.58 per hour
$0.23 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.t2.medium + 200GB gp2
db.t2.medium + 1TB gp2
db.t2.large + 1TB gp2
Burst mode vs. Classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.10 per hour
$0.58 per hour
$0.23 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
$0.30 per hour
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TransactionsperSecond(TPS)
Hours
100% Read - 20GB data
db.m1.medium + 200GB standard
db.m3.medium + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.m3.large + 200G + 2000 IOPS
db.t2.medium + 200GB gp2
db.t2.medium + 1TB gp2
db.t2.large + 1TB gp2
Burst mode vs. Classic vs. Provisioned IOPS
$0.10 per hour
$0.58 per hour
$0.23 per hour
$0.40 per hour
$0.50 per hour
$0.30 per hour
AWS Database BLOG
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/
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Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL - Postgres Open 2016 - New Features and Lessons Learned

Editor's Notes

  1. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  2. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  3. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  4. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  5. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  6. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  7. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  8. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  9. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  10. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  11. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  12. Line data type Reg* data types Open prepared transactions
  13. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  14. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  15. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  16. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  17. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  18. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  19. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  20. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  21. Add a Key for the encrypted snapshot and then show that it needs to be shared for this to work. Note that this doesn’t work with default keys.
  22. Move data to the same or different database engine ~ Supports Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Amazon Aurora, Amazon Redshift Keep your apps running during the migration ~ DMS minimizes impact to users by capturing and applying data changes Start your first migration in 10 minutes or less ~ The AWS Database Migration Service takes care of infrastructure provisioning and allows you to setup your first database migration task in less than 10 minutes Replicate within, to or from AWS EC2 or RDS ~ After migrating your database, use the AWS Database Migration Service to replicate data into your Redshift data warehouses, cross-region to other RDS instances, or back to on-premises
  23. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.
  24. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.
  25. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.
  26. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.
  27. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.
  28. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.
  29. Using the AWS Database Migration Service to migrate data to AWS is simple. (CLICK) Start by spinning up a DMS instance in your AWS environment (CLICK) Next, from within DMS, connect to both your source and target databases (CLICK) Choose what data you want to migrate. DMS lets you migrate tables, schemas, or whole databases Then sit back and let DMS do the rest. (CLICK) It creates the tables, loads the data, and best of all, keeps them synchronized for as long as you need That replication capability, which keeps the source and target data in sync, allows customers to switch applications (CLICK) over to point to the AWS database at their leisure. DMS eliminates the need for high-stakes extended outages to migrate production data into the cloud. DMS provides a graceful switchover capability.