This document summarizes different types of relationships between lyrics and visuals in music videos, including illustrations, amplifications, and contradictions. It also discusses intertextual references, iconography, voyeurism, and how music videos can focus on the star persona. Specific music videos are analyzed as examples, such as Girls Like Girls by Hayley Kiyoko illustrating the lyrics and Pity Party by Melanie Martinez amplifying the lyrics through more extreme visuals.

1. Music Videos
Andrew Goodwin’s Music Video Theory

2. Relationship between lyrics and visuals -
illustrates
• Hayley Kiyoko – Girls Like Girls
• This music video illustrates the lyrics as the song is about a girl who
steals a boy’s girlfriend and the visuals show a girl, Coley, who has a
crush on her brother’s girlfriend, Sonya, who chooses her in the end.

3. Relationship between lyrics and visuals –
amplifies
• Melanie Martinez – Pity Party
• This music video is an example of an amplified relationship between
the lyrics of the song and visuals as the song is about a girl who tries
to throw a birthday party but nobody comes so she throws herself a
“pity party”. The lyrics are amplified as while they are about nobody
coming to her birthday party, the video shows her being upset about
it to becoming psychotic, stabbing the balloons, pulling her stuffed
toys apart and setting fire to her curtains.

4. Relationship between lyrics and visuals -
contradicts
• Hayley Kiyoko – One Bad Night
• This music video demonstrates a contradicting relationship between
the lyrics and visuals as while the song is about a romantic first date
which the narrator doesn’t want to end. However the visuals tell the
story of two strangers – Donald and Amber - becoming friends after
Donald steals a car and comes across Amber being mugged. He
takes her to a diner where she helps him win over a girl he has a
crush on. The themes between the lyrics and visuals contradict as
the lyrics are more about the excitement of first love and the visuals
are about people becoming close friends from chance encounters.
However both characters are having bad nights which connect to
the title of the song.

5. Intertextual references
• Halsey – Now or Never
• The music video directly references Romeo and Juliet as it features
two houses warring against each other and two people from the
houses falling in love and also references Baz Lurhmann’s film
adaptation of the play by modernising it.

6. Iconography
• Martin Garrix and Troye Sivan – There For You
• House music videos tend to feature clubbing with people jumping and
dancing with a wild and crazy atmosphere and usually features
themes of love.
• This music video fits the genre of “House” as it uses conventions such
as fast editing and features the clubbing aspects. The theme of love is
also featured as there are scenes in which the artist’s seem to pining
after people who are not with them which follows the narrative of the
song as it is about asking the person to be there for the singer
emotionally

7. Voyeurism
• Tame Impala – The Less I Know The Better
• The music video features suggestive images of a girl which allows the
audience to be a voyeur as they are sexualised.

8. Star Persona
• Adele – Send My Love (To Your New Lover)
• The music video shows Adele alone, giving the audience only the star
to focus on and giving into the demand of the record label.