This document outlines a proposed project to enhance heat transfer in circular cross-section tubes using inserts. The mission and vision of CHRIST University focus on holistic development and excellence. The project objectives are to determine the performance of a heat exchanger using helical inserts and different surface geometries. A literature review found that inserts and surface features can increase heat transfer. The methodology will involve experiments with varying insert designs and surface patterns. Applications include improving heat transfer in constrained systems. The proposed budget is 6,800 INR. The timeline spans December 2023 to April 2024.

1. MISSION
CHRIST is a nurturing ground for an individual’s
holistic development to make effective contribution to
the society in a dynamic environment
VISION
Excellence and Service
CORE VALUES
Faith in God | Moral Uprightness
Love of Fellow Beings
Social Responsibility | Pursuit of Excellence
Under the guidance : Dr. Thejaraju R 2061213 – Shantanu Adhikary
Project Stream / Field: Thermal Group Members:
Phase -2 Final Year Regular Project Work (2023-24)
First Review
Proposed Title
Heat transfer enhancement in circular cross section tubes
using inserts

2. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Contents
 Introduction
 Literature review
 Objective
 Problem definition
 Plan of Work/methodology
 Application
 Budget
 Journal paper status
 References

3. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Introduction
There are very few passive systems for heat transfer in heat exchangers
and blowers. The main constraint being space and fluid, passive systems
play a very important role. The evaluation of performance enhancement
through two passive systems which are surface geometry and helical
inserts.

4. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Literature Review
S.No Name of the
Authors
Journal details Findings
[1] A. A. Kapse, V. C.
Shewale, S. D.
Barahate, A. B.
Kakade, and S. J.
Surywanshi
“Experimental Investigation
of Heat Transfer and
Pressure Drop Performance
of a Circular Tube with
Coiled Wire
Inserts,” Engineering,
Technology & Applied
Science Research, vol. 14,
no. 1, pp. 12512–12517,
Feb. 2024, doi:
https://doi.org/10.48084/eta
sr.6551.
➢ The effect of coiled wire inserts in increasing rate
of heat transfer with an external circular tube.
➢ The behavior of water as a fluid for heat transfer
when Reynold number is varied from 1800 to
3200.

5. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Literature Review
S.No Name of the
Authors
Journal details Findings
[2] S. A. E. Sayed
Ahmed, O. M.
Mesalhy, and M. A.
Abdelatief
“Flow and heat transfer
enhancement in tube heat
exchangers,” Heat and
Mass Transfer, vol. 51, no.
11, pp. 1607–1630, Aug.
2015, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002
31-015-1669-1.
➢ The effect of different Active devices in rate of
heat transfer enhancement when varied
alternatively.
➢ The effect of surface geometry on the rate of heat
transfer such as dimples and box formations.
➢ The different internal and external factors
responsible to achieve high goodness factor.

6. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Literature Review
S.No Name of the
Authors
Journal details Findings
[3] R. Ali, M. A.
Sharafeldeen, N. S.
Berbish, and M.
Moawed
“Convective heat transfer
enhancement inside tubes
using inserted helical
coils,” Thermal
Engineering, vol. 63, no. 1,
pp. 42–50, Dec. 2015, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1134/s004
0601516010018.
➢ The behavior of helical, circular and cubical coil
inserts in turbulent flow regime for compensating
Reynolds numbers which varies form 1800 to
3200.
➢ The change in efficiency of the heat exchanger
with respect to change in diameter of inserts.
➢ The direct behavior impact of Reynold number in
rate of heat transfer and goodness factor.

7. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Literature Review
S.No Name of the
Authors
Journal details Findings
[4] M. Piradl and S. M.
Pesteei
“Numerical investigation of
convective heat transfer and
Friction factor of laminar
airflow in a perforated
trapezoid-shaped plate-fin
channel in 3 dimensions
with geometric analysis (A
new
achievement),” Scientia
Iranica, Nov. 2023, doi:
https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.
2023.60223.6676.
➢ The Behavior of perforated trapezoid shaped plate
fin channel which increases the surface area and
helps to achieve higher rate of heat transfer.
➢ The comparison of different surface geometries
with different Reynolds number to counter the fall
in Active systems.

8. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Literature Review
S.No Name of the
Authors
Journal details Findings
[5] C. Hu, X. Feng, Z.
Yuan, D. Shen, L.
Zhang, and J. Zheng
“Numerical investigation of
conjugate heat transfer in a
heat exchanger equipped
with cross-combined
ellipsoidal dimple
tubes,” Thermal Science,
no. 0, pp. 226–226, 2023,
Available:
https://doiserbia.nb.rs/Articl
e.aspx?id=0354-
98362300226H
➢ The effect of dimples in heat transfer process as
geometric variation for achieving higher rate of
heat transfer without changing the fluid used as a
medium.
➢ The distribution of temperature vs surface
geometry for creating negative voids to counter
high rate of heat transfer.

9. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Objectives
● To enhance the performance of a heat exchanger through helical
inserts and varying surface geometry.
● To determine performance characteristics of a cross and parallel
heat exchanger using helical inserts.

10. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Problem Definition
Many different types of heat exchangers are used today in our world which mainly
focus on active systems and there is a wide gap for passive systems which are mostly
constraint free. Therefore, for a lab scale model of a heat exchanger, we are just
attempting to comprehend and confirm positive change in heat transfer efficiency
when we change the surface geometry and use inserts.

11. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Experimental results and discussion
Blower Specifications
 HP – 0.14
 Amp – 0.5
 Single phase
 Watts – 110
 RPM - 3000

12. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Experimental results and discussion
S.no RPM Pi(bar) Po(bar)
Ti To Te Vi Vo
1 1200 1.025 1.017 100 65 71 4.5 12
2 1500 1.027 1.0172 97 62 68 5.4 13.6
3 1800 1.029 1.0172 95 59 65 6 16
4 2100 1.031 1.0172 94 57 63 6.5 17.8
5 2400 1.033 1.0172 94 55 60 7.2 18.6
6 2700 1.035 1.0172 92 53 58 7.8 19.3
Temperature(°C) Velocity(m/s)

13. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Experimental results and discussion

14. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Problem Definition & Literature review
Formulation of Problem with Existing Facility
Modifying the Existing Setup
Comparison with literature
Report and Journal publication
Methodology

15. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Time Frame needed for completion
S.NO Details of the task / works planned
04/12/2023
to
13/12/2023
14/12/2023
to
04/01/2024
05/01/2024
To
10/01/2024
11/01/2024
to
28/03/2024
29/03/2024
to
06/04/2024
07/04/2024
to
18/04/2024
1 Acquiring Data and going through
Research Papers
2 Basic understanding of conduction of
experiment
3 Procurement of Materials
4 Assembly and Testing
5 Comparing Results
6 Report writing and Journal Publication

16. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Applications
Following are the application of an enhanced heat exchanger :
 It increases the rate of heat transfer despite space and fluid as a
constraint.
 It improves the reduction of pressure in Active systems of a Heat
Exchanger.

17. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
Proposed Project Budget – Final Year Project work – Phase -1 (2022-23)
Name of the Organization :Christ(Deemed to be University)
Name of the Department: Mechanical and Automobile Engineering Department
Name of the Project: Heat transfer enhancement in circular cross section tubes using inserts
Number of students in your batch:
Proposed start date: 04-12-2023
Proposed end date: 18-04-2024
S.No Name of the item Proposed Budget
(in Rs,)
Actual Budget (in Rs,)
1 GI Pipe 45mm 800
2 Helical Inserts 2000
3 Heater 4000
4
5
6
7 Total 6800
Budget Approx

18. Excellence and Service
CHRIST
Deemed to be University
13. Reference
[1] S. Liu and M. Sakr, "A comprehensive review on passive heat transfer enhancements in pipe
exchangers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 19, pp. 64–81, Mar. 2013,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser. 2012.11.021.
[2] F. Aldawi, "Proposing the employment of spring-wire turbulator for flat spiral tubes utilized in solar
ponds, experimental study," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 36, Aug. 2022, Art. no. 102180,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102180.
[3] Yildiz S, Yuncu H (2004) An experimental investigation on performance of annular fins on a horizontal
cylinder in free convection heat transfer. Heat Mass Transf 40:239–251.
[4] Y. F. Zhang, F. Y. Li, and Z. M. Liang, “Heat transfer in spiral coilinserted tubes and its application,”
Adv. Heat Transfer Augment. Mixed Convect., ASME HTD 169, 31–36 (1991).
[5] S. Gunes, V. Ozceyhan, and O. Buyukalaca, “Heat transfer enhancement in a tube with equilateral
triangle cross sectioned coiled wire inserts,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 34, 684–691 (2010).
[6] Kim, J., and Choi, H., Aerodynamics of a golf ball with grooves, P I. Mech. Eng. P-J. Spo, 228(2014), 4,
pp. 233-241, DOI No. 10.1177/175433114543860.
[7] Ceren H, Gulsah C., Heat transfer analysis of double tube heat exchanger with wavy inner tube, Thermal
Science, 26(2022), 4, pp:3455-3462, DOI NO. 10.2298/TSCI210628266H.