Entered in the IBM Watson Analytics Global Competition 2017.
An analytical study of the world's stance on climate change, its effects on the country's citizens and how the use of renewable energy sources could promote people's longevity.
In this webinar, Clean Energy Canada and our guest panelists, Clare Demerse, Federal Policy Advisor with Clean Energy Canada, Tyler Hamilton, award winning journalist and Canadian author, and Ben Thibault, director of the Pembina Institute's electricity program, will discuss new research on Canadian clean energy spending and deployment, and discuss what these findings mean for renewable energy developers, clean tech innovators and policy makers across the country.
The former executive vice president of Shell Upstream Americas and Royal Dutch Shell, David Lawrence serves as chairman of Lawrence Energy Group, LLC. A global energy consultant, David Lawrence regularly shares his insights into issues related to global energy through public presentations, including The World Needs More Energy and Less CO2 - Tough Questions, Hard Choices, and Possible Solutions.
Powerpoint: Inside Tracking the Energy Revolution Global 2015 - CEQ July 14Clean Energy Canada
What are the 10 most significant investment, policy, technology, and societal trends and developments that both defined and propelled the worldwide shift to clean energy in 2014?
To mark the release of our annual report, Tracking the Energy Revolution Global 2015, our in-house experts, communications director James Glave and senior analyst Jeremy Moorhouse will be hosting an in-depth discussion of the report's highlights and major challenges. They will brief our constituents on the report's top 10 clean energy trends, key markers, alternate perspectives and challenges, with broad recommendations and first priorities for Canada’s next federal government.
In this webinar, Clean Energy Canada and our guest panelists, Clare Demerse, Federal Policy Advisor with Clean Energy Canada, Tyler Hamilton, award winning journalist and Canadian author, and Ben Thibault, director of the Pembina Institute's electricity program, will discuss new research on Canadian clean energy spending and deployment, and discuss what these findings mean for renewable energy developers, clean tech innovators and policy makers across the country.
The former executive vice president of Shell Upstream Americas and Royal Dutch Shell, David Lawrence serves as chairman of Lawrence Energy Group, LLC. A global energy consultant, David Lawrence regularly shares his insights into issues related to global energy through public presentations, including The World Needs More Energy and Less CO2 - Tough Questions, Hard Choices, and Possible Solutions.
Powerpoint: Inside Tracking the Energy Revolution Global 2015 - CEQ July 14Clean Energy Canada
What are the 10 most significant investment, policy, technology, and societal trends and developments that both defined and propelled the worldwide shift to clean energy in 2014?
To mark the release of our annual report, Tracking the Energy Revolution Global 2015, our in-house experts, communications director James Glave and senior analyst Jeremy Moorhouse will be hosting an in-depth discussion of the report's highlights and major challenges. They will brief our constituents on the report's top 10 clean energy trends, key markers, alternate perspectives and challenges, with broad recommendations and first priorities for Canada’s next federal government.
As Renewables Make Gains, Global Fossil Fuel Consumption IncreasesDavid Lawrence (Shell)
David Lawrence is a respected energy consultant who has past leadership experience with Shell in oil and gas exploration and development, acquisitions and divestments, renewables, finance and research. Leveraging the knowledge he gained at Shell to provide and evaluate energy investment opportunities and advice, David Lawrence stays informed on the latest energy transition developments in traditional and renewable energy.
The fossil fuels industry, big oil, big coal, natural gas, and its allied sectors, including some large financial institutions, will not quietly or willingly retire into the history of ideas whose time has passed. That fossil fuels represent the single greatest systemic risk to our collective economic wellbeing, however obvious to increasing numbers of fiduciaries, is not a consideration for the industry’s plutocrats. A divestiture campaign to get money out of fossil fuels stocks has emerged, indicating an emerging popular awareness that we must and will transform our energy society into one that can coexist with and even thrive on a finite earth. That a massive global transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energies, led by solar, also means that there are and will continue to be competitive investment returns earned from carefully selected investment exposure to the sector.
March 12, 2011 was celebrated as 'Green Deen Day' at Lakehead Grammar School, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was a month long effort of students and teachers to raise awareness about energy crisis and environmental issues.
The Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) is a CEO-led organization currently made up of 10 oil and gas companies that want to contribute to climate change solutions.
This first report is intended to explain what OGCI is doing, and why, and to explore the role oil and gas companies can play to provide more energy with lower emissions.
In order to address climate change, Sol Present's mission is to get a solar power system installed on every feasible rooftop in the world in order to help society move away from dependance on fossil fuel based resources and towards clean energy.
We believe if every feasible rooftop in the world that can go solar did go solar, our global society would be able to produce enough clean power to run itself without burning or using fossil fuels.
Future of energy - An initial perspective - Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Busine...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of energy by Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Business Environment at Shell. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Climate Smart Super: Understanding Superannuation & Climate Risk, which examines the impact of climate and carbon risks on retirement and superannuation savings, especially in Australia. Superannuation funds are often Australians’ biggest or second biggest asset but until now very few have had accessible information enabling them to take an active role in managing that asset against climate and carbon policy risks. This report (and presentation) offers a number of simple steps to assist people to engage with their super funds so that they can move from being accidental to active investors and start challenging the dangerous short term focus in business and politics that threatens retirement savings. For more information, visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-smart-super.html
RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES AS VEHICLE FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY AND SUS...Prashant Mehta
This article shows insight into sustainable development and long term sustainability of environment through prudent use of resources besides exploring alternative resources of energy to the fullest.
As Renewables Make Gains, Global Fossil Fuel Consumption IncreasesDavid Lawrence (Shell)
David Lawrence is a respected energy consultant who has past leadership experience with Shell in oil and gas exploration and development, acquisitions and divestments, renewables, finance and research. Leveraging the knowledge he gained at Shell to provide and evaluate energy investment opportunities and advice, David Lawrence stays informed on the latest energy transition developments in traditional and renewable energy.
The fossil fuels industry, big oil, big coal, natural gas, and its allied sectors, including some large financial institutions, will not quietly or willingly retire into the history of ideas whose time has passed. That fossil fuels represent the single greatest systemic risk to our collective economic wellbeing, however obvious to increasing numbers of fiduciaries, is not a consideration for the industry’s plutocrats. A divestiture campaign to get money out of fossil fuels stocks has emerged, indicating an emerging popular awareness that we must and will transform our energy society into one that can coexist with and even thrive on a finite earth. That a massive global transition away from fossil fuels and towards renewable energies, led by solar, also means that there are and will continue to be competitive investment returns earned from carefully selected investment exposure to the sector.
March 12, 2011 was celebrated as 'Green Deen Day' at Lakehead Grammar School, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was a month long effort of students and teachers to raise awareness about energy crisis and environmental issues.
The Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI) is a CEO-led organization currently made up of 10 oil and gas companies that want to contribute to climate change solutions.
This first report is intended to explain what OGCI is doing, and why, and to explore the role oil and gas companies can play to provide more energy with lower emissions.
In order to address climate change, Sol Present's mission is to get a solar power system installed on every feasible rooftop in the world in order to help society move away from dependance on fossil fuel based resources and towards clean energy.
We believe if every feasible rooftop in the world that can go solar did go solar, our global society would be able to produce enough clean power to run itself without burning or using fossil fuels.
Future of energy - An initial perspective - Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Busine...Future Agenda
An initial perspective on the future of energy by Jeremy Bentham, VP Global Business Environment at Shell. This is the starting point for the global future agenda discussions taking place through 2015 as part of the the futureagenda2.0 programme. www.futureagenda.org
This presentation summarises The Climate Institute’s report, Climate Smart Super: Understanding Superannuation & Climate Risk, which examines the impact of climate and carbon risks on retirement and superannuation savings, especially in Australia. Superannuation funds are often Australians’ biggest or second biggest asset but until now very few have had accessible information enabling them to take an active role in managing that asset against climate and carbon policy risks. This report (and presentation) offers a number of simple steps to assist people to engage with their super funds so that they can move from being accidental to active investors and start challenging the dangerous short term focus in business and politics that threatens retirement savings. For more information, visit www.climateinstitute.org.au/climate-smart-super.html
RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES AS VEHICLE FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY AND SUS...Prashant Mehta
This article shows insight into sustainable development and long term sustainability of environment through prudent use of resources besides exploring alternative resources of energy to the fullest.
I choose Energy source of Human This is my topic.You have to put.docxfideladallimore
I choose Energy source of Human This is my topic.
You have to put work cited first and after that you have to write 150 words summary wath two qoutstions market from the essay and after that you have to write your opinion for gust one or two lines. After that you have to write Two questions about that summery no yes or no. You can choose two questions of How, What,Where, Why, When. this is my order. No quesation no and yes. I do not want that. You have to read this essay I will put to you because you have to read this resoerc. You have to put two of Qoutation mark. said "............................................" with page number , and second he said, "......................................." with his last name and page number.
No quesation no and yes. I do not want that.
I took these information from my college website and you have to read it.
English 2 Annotation 3 Energy Sources
Works Cited
Mohanty, Manoranjan. "New Renewable Energy Sources, Green Energy Development and Climate Change." Management of Environmental Quality 23.3 (2012): 264-74. ProQuest. Web. 29 Sep. 2014.
New renewable energy sources,
green energy development and
climate change
Implications to Pacific Island countries
Manoranjan Mohanty
Faculty of Business and Economics, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
Abstract
Purpose – The aim of the paper is to examine the renewable energy resources for enhancing a green
energy development in the face of energy crisis and climate change, and to explore the prospects for
“new” renewable energy sources and the green energy initiatives taken in the Pacific Island countries
(PICs).
Design/methodology/approach – The data were collated from a wide variety of sources including
policy documents, road maps, reports, research articles on renewable and green energy sources.
The methodology adopted was primarily a qualitative one based on a “content analysis”.
Findings – The findings reveal that increasing emphases have been given recently to “new”
renewable and green energy sources in the Pacific Island countries as mitigation and adaptation
strategies to fuel crisis and climate change. PICs have taken a wide range of green energy initiatives
including “biomass”, solar, wind and other non-traditional renewable energy sources and bio-fuels
development. Prospects for coconut, copra and palm-oil based bio-fuels do exist in many PICs.
Opportunities for ethanol bio-fuels also exist especially in Fiji.
Practical implications – Renewable and green energy sources are of practical implications to PICs.
There is, however, a greater need for framing sound energy policies by the PICs.
Originality/value – The author has brought out clear linkages between climate change and green
energy development and analyzed the importance of new renewable energy sources, especially in PICs.
The paper has higher policy relevance and it is of great value in the context of sustainable energy
development in PICs.
Keywords Climate change, .
Fossil fuel divestment and the end of the carbon development paradigm: David ...leavesoflanguage
Presentation at the Climate-Proofing South African Retirement Funds event - 1 August 2019. For details of these events, please visit www.fossilfreesa.org.za.
The Future of Oil and Shale Gas in a Renewable Energy Landscape.pdfbobby Lee
As the world moves towards a renewable energy future, many are left wondering what the future holds for oil and shale gas. In this article, we will take a look at the impact of renewables on these two energy sources and the potential benefits of a smooth energy transition.
The presentation is lucid proposal for very simple interfaith monotheistic commons for mitigating climate change that has been worrying all across the world insitutions, United Nations, governments. Dr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam is presenting this on behalf of Centre for Ecological Audit,Social Inclusion and Governance.
An earlier version of the presentation made in 2008 and shared here has been widely appreciated. This presentation is for multiplying muslim responses for mitigation of climate while appealing on the commons across the faith groups.
Running Head AIR AND WATER AIR AND WATERAir and.docxSUBHI7
Running Head: AIR AND WATER
AIR AND WATER
Air and Water
Robert Jamerson
Rasmussen College
The Paris Agreement is an agreement which was formed on 12th December, 2015 by parties of United Nation Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) to fight climate change and accelerate and increase the activities and investments required for a maintainable low greenhouse gas emission to the environment. The Paris Agreement brings together all nations to fight climate change and develop adaptation measures to its effects and support developing countries to also combat climate change (Dimitrov, 2016). The goal is to intensify global response to climate change threat. In addition, the agreement focuses on increasing the capacity of countries to combat the effects of climate change and ensuring that there are finances for controlling the greenhouse gas emission and create climate resistant pathways.
US should commit to Paris Agreement as climate change can only be minimized through global action. It is important for US to commit to Paris Agreement because it is part of ensuring that other countries remain committed to the agreement. This agreement is for the best interest of Americans at it creates business opportunities and minimizes the financial risks associated with climate change. Staying in this agreements supports business interests. US business could be disadvantaged I foreign markets if other countries committed to Paris Agreement decide to take actions balance the scales by trading with businesses in countries which do not regulate carbon. Leaving Paris Agreement could risk business interest of the country in the global market. It also advances the strategic interests of the country by enhancing diplomacy with the other countries.
In the 21st century there is more air pollution which I believe will cause significant global warming. This is because there is a lot of air pollution due to aerosols and smoke released to the environment by industries. Carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases released to the environment continue to increase. Before the industrial revolution carbon dioxide level was around 280 parts per million. In the early 21st century the gas had increased its level to 384 parts per million and it is said to continue to rise at the rate of 2 parts per million each year (Hansen, Sato, Ruedy, Lacis & Oinas, 2000). Global warming takes place when carbon dioxide and other air pollutants accumulate in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation which has bounced back to the earth surface. These pollutants absorb the heat and cause the earth to become very hot.
Paris Agreement will have a significant impact because it has regulations which member countries should follow to control climate change. Its main goal is to prevent the global temperatures form raising above 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial times (Hulme, 2016). Scientist have indicated that the world temperatures have to remain below ...
Thanks Mr.John Cook ,
Global Change Institute,
The University of Queensland
Climate Science study changed my thoughts about Climate Change : the main culprit of Climate Change is increased emission of CO2 .
Changes in International Cooperation, Countries & Organisation are taking place to be more Greener.
It is the time that we change by consuming minimum resources, minimum energy and sustainable life style.
In this regards I will educate & create awareness to masses through ‘ichange’ project >reduce our climate footprint.
Warm Regards,
Tanmoy Ghosh
https://twitter.com/tanmoyghosh
the delicate topic of Sustainable Development through a
book which I have co-authored and give to the audience also a perspective on
how Education can sensitively provide support for this framework.
I will participate in my role of affiliate professor of management and behavior
for Grenoble Graduate School of Business, France ( www.ggsb.com)
by mark esposito (m.esposito@ht.umass.edu)
This presentation made in 2008 is relevant today since, we need to accelerate faith based responses for transforming ecologically hostile leisure eliminating green house gases generated from the same. Adaptation measure are being executed,but we need to accelerate responses for mitigation globally. Giving out of the gains/Ghaneema to Imam e Zamana//Akshar Puroshottam is important for building robust system. In 2008,I did not know about Imam led world unity divinely decreed for humanity, posterity of Adam ,all of us. But, I have referred to Shia Ismaili Muslims in this presentation as the community pledged to Imam Mahdi, the Saviour of Humanity for our age. Salam to all.
Design principles for intelligent research investmentriel-presents
A content-rich celebration of an important knowledge legacy
An opportunity to reflect, and to distil key lessons and insights:
- about important knowledge gaps that remain
- about how best to fill such knowledge gaps
A ‘message in a bottle’ for future research investment
Sustainability Day is a national day of action across the health sector. Each year NHS Trusts, Clinical Commissioning Groups, Hospitals and organisations take action to highlight the important role sustainable development can play in health service delivery. The National Campaign is supported by those key bodies and groups charged with leading sustainable development across healthcare. This campaign includes this national website which has case studies, tool-kits, news, information and resources to educate and support organisations to embed sustainability in service delivery.
Along with our national website the Campaign team organise a series of Roadshows across England which bring together health professionals to discuss challenges and solutions to overcoming barriers faced when embedding sustainable development both on the front line and within the organisation. The Campaign also includes the national annual awards which showcases the best examples from across England around sustainable development in healthcare.
The Campaign continues to showcase action, supporting healthcare organisations to deliver change in times of turbulence; to continually engage within the changing landscape of the NHS, public health and social care systems in the UK; to excite and inspire the leaders of the future to take action to embed climate adaptation into their business as usual models.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
StarCompliance is a leading firm specializing in the recovery of stolen cryptocurrency. Our comprehensive services are designed to assist individuals and organizations in navigating the complex process of fraud reporting, investigation, and fund recovery. We combine cutting-edge technology with expert legal support to provide a robust solution for victims of crypto theft.
Our Services Include:
Reporting to Tracking Authorities:
We immediately notify all relevant centralized exchanges (CEX), decentralized exchanges (DEX), and wallet providers about the stolen cryptocurrency. This ensures that the stolen assets are flagged as scam transactions, making it impossible for the thief to use them.
Assistance with Filing Police Reports:
We guide you through the process of filing a valid police report. Our support team provides detailed instructions on which police department to contact and helps you complete the necessary paperwork within the critical 72-hour window.
Launching the Refund Process:
Our team of experienced lawyers can initiate lawsuits on your behalf and represent you in various jurisdictions around the world. They work diligently to recover your stolen funds and ensure that justice is served.
At StarCompliance, we understand the urgency and stress involved in dealing with cryptocurrency theft. Our dedicated team works quickly and efficiently to provide you with the support and expertise needed to recover your assets. Trust us to be your partner in navigating the complexities of the crypto world and safeguarding your investments.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
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Empowering the Data Analytics Ecosystem: A Laser Focus on Value
The data analytics ecosystem thrives when every component functions at its peak, unlocking the true potential of data. Here's a laser focus on key areas for an empowered ecosystem:
1. Democratize Access, Not Data:
Granular Access Controls: Provide users with self-service tools tailored to their specific needs, preventing data overload and misuse.
Data Catalogs: Implement robust data catalogs for easy discovery and understanding of available data sources.
2. Foster Collaboration with Clear Roles:
Data Mesh Architecture: Break down data silos by creating a distributed data ownership model with clear ownership and responsibilities.
Collaborative Workspaces: Utilize interactive platforms where data scientists, analysts, and domain experts can work seamlessly together.
3. Leverage Advanced Analytics Strategically:
AI-powered Automation: Automate repetitive tasks like data cleaning and feature engineering, freeing up data talent for higher-level analysis.
Right-Tool Selection: Strategically choose the most effective advanced analytics techniques (e.g., AI, ML) based on specific business problems.
4. Prioritize Data Quality with Automation:
Automated Data Validation: Implement automated data quality checks to identify and rectify errors at the source, minimizing downstream issues.
Data Lineage Tracking: Track the flow of data throughout the ecosystem, ensuring transparency and facilitating root cause analysis for errors.
5. Cultivate a Data-Driven Mindset:
Metrics-Driven Performance Management: Align KPIs and performance metrics with data-driven insights to ensure actionable decision making.
Data Storytelling Workshops: Equip stakeholders with the skills to translate complex data findings into compelling narratives that drive action.
Benefits of a Precise Ecosystem:
Sharpened Focus: Precise access and clear roles ensure everyone works with the most relevant data, maximizing efficiency.
Actionable Insights: Strategic analytics and automated quality checks lead to more reliable and actionable data insights.
Continuous Improvement: Data-driven performance management fosters a culture of learning and continuous improvement.
Sustainable Growth: Empowered by data, organizations can make informed decisions to drive sustainable growth and innovation.
By focusing on these precise actions, organizations can create an empowered data analytics ecosystem that delivers real value by driving data-driven decisions and maximizing the return on their data investment.
As Europe's leading economic powerhouse and the fourth-largest hashtag#economy globally, Germany stands at the forefront of innovation and industrial might. Renowned for its precision engineering and high-tech sectors, Germany's economic structure is heavily supported by a robust service industry, accounting for approximately 68% of its GDP. This economic clout and strategic geopolitical stance position Germany as a focal point in the global cyber threat landscape.
In the face of escalating global tensions, particularly those emanating from geopolitical disputes with nations like hashtag#Russia and hashtag#China, hashtag#Germany has witnessed a significant uptick in targeted cyber operations. Our analysis indicates a marked increase in hashtag#cyberattack sophistication aimed at critical infrastructure and key industrial sectors. These attacks range from ransomware campaigns to hashtag#AdvancedPersistentThreats (hashtag#APTs), threatening national security and business integrity.
🔑 Key findings include:
🔍 Increased frequency and complexity of cyber threats.
🔍 Escalation of state-sponsored and criminally motivated cyber operations.
🔍 Active dark web exchanges of malicious tools and tactics.
Our comprehensive report delves into these challenges, using a blend of open-source and proprietary data collection techniques. By monitoring activity on critical networks and analyzing attack patterns, our team provides a detailed overview of the threats facing German entities.
This report aims to equip stakeholders across public and private sectors with the knowledge to enhance their defensive strategies, reduce exposure to cyber risks, and reinforce Germany's resilience against cyber threats.
21. Empower
people to tackle
the challenge of
climate change
Encourage to
use or switch to
renewable
energy options
Target countries
with high coal
consumption to
generate energy
23. CO2 Emissions (kt)
Other Greenhouse Gas Emissions (kt)
Methane Emissions (kt)
Nitrous Oxide Emissions (kt)
Non-renewable Energy Consumption (mtoe)
Renewable Energy Consumption (mtoe)
Adult Mortality Rate
Life Expectancy at Birth (years)
GDP per Capita (US$)
Manufacturing, Value Added (M US$)
Health Expenditure per Capita (US$)
Nat Gas Production (mtoe)
Coal Production (mtoe)
Employment in Agriculture (%)
Physicians (per 1,000)
Agricultural land (%)
Forest Area (%)
Rural Population (%)
Urban Population (%)
33. What drives Adult Mortality Rate?
Location - 96%
Forest Area & Coal
Production - 69%
Agricultural Land & Coal
Production - 68%
Coal Production & Renewable
Energy - 67%
40. Encourage organisations to
investigate their energy
consumption and switch to
sustainable/renewable
energy.
Provide funding in the
research and development
of other renewable energy
resources.
Local and state
governments,
environmental lobby groups
and social enterprise must
promote the use of
renewable energy sources.
It is recommended that:
Provide subsidies to homes (as per council
rates) where solar panels are used.
Provide tax benefits to industrial organisations
for the use of renewable energy and on FDI
investments in renewable energy production
Support social enterprise
Purpose or Aim of our presentation is to persuade and alter your perceptions towards climate change. From this report we aim to….
Environmental Economic and Social data used in the analysis came from World Bank
The energy production and consumption data came from BP Global freely available to the public