This document discusses key concepts of motion including: 1. It defines motion as a continuous change in position over time and differentiates between speed, velocity, and acceleration. 2. It explains that mechanics involves the study of motion and is divided into kinematics (description of motion) and dynamics (forces that produce motion). 3. It provides equations for calculating average speed, velocity, and acceleration and examples of how to use these equations to solve motion problems.

1. ALL ABOUT MOTION

2. ALL ABOUT MOTION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
a.Differentiate between speed and velocity
b.Define acceleration
c. Discuss the graphical representation of
motion
d.Solve problems involving the equations of
motion

3. ALL ABOUT MOTION
What is Force?
It is a push or a pull.
Effect of Force on an object:
1. It can change velocity of an object.
2. It can change direction of the motion of an object.
3. It can stretch an elastic object to its limit or permanently
deform it.
4. It can make object float in water or airplane float in air.

4. ALL ABOUT MOTION
MECHANICS = It is the field of Physics that
specializes in the study of motion of objects.
Branches of Mechanics:
1.Kinematics = deals with the quantitative
description of motion.
2.Dynamics = focuses on the forces that affect
motion.

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Definition of motion
Motion is a continuous change of position
with respect to specific frame of reference.
Frame of reference = It is a point in space or an
object that you assume has a fixed position.

6. ALL ABOUT MOTION

7. ALL ABOUT MOTION
Description of Motion
1.Distance and displacement (d)
2.Speed and velocity (v)
3.Acceleration (a)

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Speed is the measure of how fast an object is
moving. The average speed is measured by
dividing the distance d traveled by the time t
taken to cover the distance. In mathematical
form,

9. ALL ABOUT MOTION
average speed = distance travelled
time taken to cover the
distance
ν = d
t

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Where:
ν = the average speed
d = the distance travelled
t = the time taken to cover the distance

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The SI unit for speed is meter per second or m/s.
(Ex.) A ship travels 14.5 Km in 45 minutes, what is its speed
in Km/h?
Given: 14.5 km = d
45 min = t

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Solution:
v = d/t
v = 14.5 km/0.75h
v = 19.33 km/h

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Conversion: min - - > h C.F. : 1h =
60min
45 min x 1 hour = 0.75h
60 min

14. ALL ABOUT MOTION
Note that the given value is not taken at
one particular instant during the travel, but it is
rather taken from the ratio of the total distance
traveled during a certain period.
speedometer = gives the readings of
instantaneous speed.

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Instantaneous speed = It is the speed of a body
at a certain instance of time.
Constant speed = It is the condition where the
instantaneous speed does not change.

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In case of an airplane pilot, the direction of
motion is just as important as the speed.
Velocity = it is the speed in a given direction.
Velocity is a vector quantity and is defined as the
rate of change of displacement.

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Average velocity = it is the objects displacement
divided by the time.
ν = d
t

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Where: ν = average velocity
d = displacement
t = time elapsed
The unit of velocity are the same as the speed: m/s,
km/h, mi/h, and others.

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A car traveling at 100 km/h north and a
car traveling at 100 km/h south have the same
speed but different velocities.

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Acceleration
An object in motion seldom moves at
constant speed, nor does it remain in the same
direction. When the velocity of an object is
changing, we say that the body is experiencing
acceleration. Acceleration is defined as the rate
of change in velocity with time.

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acceleration = change in velocity
time interval
a = ∆ν = ν2 – ν1
∆t t2 – t1

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Where: ν2 = final velocity
ν1 = initial velocity
t2 = time ends
t1 = time started
a = average acceleration

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Acceleration is expressed as a unit of
velocity divided by a unit of time. If ν is in m/s and
t is in s, then the unit of acceleration is
m/s = m or m/s2
s s2

24. ALL ABOUT MOTION
Two kinds of acceleration
1.Positive acceleration = when v2 is greater than
v1.
2.Negative acceleration = when v2 is less than
v1. The change in velocity is negative. It is
also called deceleration

25. ALL ABOUT MOTION
Example: What is the acceleration of a car that goes from
20 to 30 km/h in 1.5s? At the same acceleration, how
long will it take the car to go from 30 to 36 km/h?
Given: 20 km/h = v1 30 km/h = v1
30 km/h = v2 36 km/h = v2
1.5s = t t = ?
a = ?

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Solution:
a = v2 – v1 = 30 km/h – 20km/h = 24 000
km/h2
t 0.00042 h

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Conversion:
1 h = 3600 s
1.5 s x 1 h =
0.00041666
3600 s

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Solution:
t = v2 – v1 = 36 km/h – 30 km/h =
0.00025 h
a 24 000 km/h2
t = 0.9 s

29. ALL ABOUT MOTION
Distance-time Graph
Motion graphs are useful tools that can tell how far
a body has travelled, how fast it is moving, and all the
speed changes that take place.
To measure the distance covered by a moving body
from a starting position, say, every second, plot the
values of the distance covered against the corresponding
time readings.

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This will show a distance-time graph (d – t
graph).

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Bus A travels at constant speed of 50 m/s. The
graph is a straight line which increases 50 m on
the y-axis (distance) for each second on the x-
axis (time).

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Bus B travels at a higher constant speed of 100
m/s. The graph is a straight line which is
steeper and rises 100 m on the y-axis for every
second on the x-axis.

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Bus C is accelerating. The speed rises, so the
bus travels further each second. The line curves
upward.

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Bus D has stopped. It is parked 50 m from the
starting point. So the distance stays the same as
time progresses.

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slope of the graph = ∆y = ∆d
∆x ∆t

36. “TO GOD BE THE GLORY!”