This presentation was given by Development Workshop's Director Allan Cain at a workshop on Microfinance in Post-War Countries and Conflict Situations in Boulder, Colorado.
In 2015 The government of Australia proposed a tax of 35 percent on income and 95 percent of superannuation of backpackers from previous zero percent. This tax was above the competitor countries viz New Zealand, Canada and others. The presentation covers the issue came up in the affected industries mainly tourism and agriculture and also provides some of the options for the issue to be resolved.
a.Africa’s real GDP grew at an average annual rate of 6% over the last decade
b.World Bank First, of the 10 fastest-growing economies in the world in 2018, six were in Africa
c.One-third were in sub-Saharan Africa.
Five long-term trends, in key economic sectors.
1.A population that is fast growing and urbanizing
2.Africa is industrializing 3.Africa is pushing to close its
infrastructure gap
4.Innovations to unleash agricultural and
resource wealth
5.The potential of increasing digital and
mobile access
In 2015 The government of Australia proposed a tax of 35 percent on income and 95 percent of superannuation of backpackers from previous zero percent. This tax was above the competitor countries viz New Zealand, Canada and others. The presentation covers the issue came up in the affected industries mainly tourism and agriculture and also provides some of the options for the issue to be resolved.
a.Africa’s real GDP grew at an average annual rate of 6% over the last decade
b.World Bank First, of the 10 fastest-growing economies in the world in 2018, six were in Africa
c.One-third were in sub-Saharan Africa.
Five long-term trends, in key economic sectors.
1.A population that is fast growing and urbanizing
2.Africa is industrializing 3.Africa is pushing to close its
infrastructure gap
4.Innovations to unleash agricultural and
resource wealth
5.The potential of increasing digital and
mobile access
AIDSTAR-One Emergency Planning for HIV Treatment Access in Conflict and Post-...AIDSTAROne
During emergencies, the fragile healthcare infrastructures in many developing countries cannot address acute injuries while continuing to manage chronic illness. Potential interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV are serious concerns because continuity of treatment is critical to prevent transmission and ensure individual and community health. This case study documents Uganda's planning process for continuity of HIV programs in the event of emergencies and highlights changes to the process since the violence from northern Uganda's civil war ended.
http://www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/treatment/resources/case_study_series/treatment_access_uganda
Regional Architecture and Identity in the Age of Globalization
CSAAR 2007
The International Conference of
The Center for the Study of Architecture in the Arab Region
In Collaboration with
National School of Architecture and Urbanism
Tunis, Tunisia, 13-15 November, 2006
This paper argues that the world regions, according to their traditional definitions as isolated distinctive entities, do not exist any more.
Globalization has created “a virtual region” that is influencing the life of the individual more than the physical geographic regions.
This paper investigates how the process of globalization has taken place in the Arabian Gulf region since the middle of the 20th century and its impact on the formation of contemporary built environment identity.
It traces the origins of globalization and investigates its current “tides” at the beginning of the 21st century.
Identicide: The Problem with Post-War ReconstructionSarah Meharg
Coined by Dr. Sarah Jane Meharg, identicide is the intentional targeting and destruction of things that represent identity. In this presentation, Dr. Meharg presents a slide show that outlines cases of identicide, with a focus on the sites of cultural heritage destroyed during the Bosnian war in the early 1990s, and the problem with post-war reconstruction.
Reconstruction in Nepal - priorities and impressions - March 2017Magnus Wolfe Murray
An update from field monitoring and walking through earthquake affected communities in Rasuwa and Gorkha districts. As part of my work as reconstruction advisor with DFID Nepal
Allan Cain, director of Development Workshop Angola, made a presentation on the experience, of "urban development - ten years after the civil war". Like China, Angola is one of the world's fastest urbanizing countries. The difference is that Angola has experienced decades of recent civil conflict, so the reconstruction of cities has become one of the country's key challenges. After the Civil War, the destruction of infrastructure, changes in institutional mechanisms, governance capacity needed to be rebuilt. Angola therefore was faced with severe challenges of urbanization and is undergoing social transformation. Allan Cain said that the poverty gap between rich and poor is still a major problem. One of the first goals is to rebuild the war damaged roads so that agricultural products and cheap food can reach urban markets for the city's poor. In addition, the Angolan government has introduced three strategies to promote poverty alleviation work, including universal access to “water for all”, a one million house programs, and municipal decentralization with the establishment of local consultative councils. Like all developing countries, the land issue also is a challenge for Angola's urban development. In the issue of urban re-construction in Angola, Allan Cain shared his policy recommendations: establish a legal framework for improving land transactions; to learn from China on the strengthening of financial management of the municipal levels of government; protection of women's rights; pilot projects; cooperation with the social media to raise public awareness.
Developing the Nigeria Manufacturing sector is a route to opening up a new frontier for the expansion of trade, productivity & competitiveness
• Currently, Industrial capacity is very low with critical industries within the real sector performing below expectations
• The contribution of manufacturing to Nigeria’s GDP is less than 10%
• This is very sad given the fact that retail and wholesale trade are growing at a very fast rate
• And given the fact that Agriculture account for almost 24% of Nigeria’s GDP, there are indications that if a proper framework is put in place, Nigeria’s manufacturing can begin to witness phenomenal growth
• Part of the factors that will help shore up local production and reduce the cost of doing business in Nigeria are:
• The Power Sector reforms - this needs to be fine-tuned
• The strengthening of a policy framework which removes double taxation and encourages investment in the vertical integration of primary sector, Agriculture to secondary sector, production
• Such policies must be backed with the right fiscal policies which give a measure of comfort to infant industry against global competition
The African Urban Research Initiative (AURI) is a network of applied research centres to inform and enhance the policy actors and networks in each African country responsible for urban policy and management. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the fastest urbanizing regions in the world, yet it is the least prepared institutionally to deal with the pressures that will be associated with this process. Development Workshop has participated from the inception of the initiative in Addis Ababa in March 2013 and is one of the three member Steering Committee. The 18 member research centres aim to network together to exchange knowledge, know-how, and expertise to foster a layer of credible and resilient institutions rooted in local realities but engaged with broader trends. The secretariat of AURI is hosted by the Africa Centre for Cities at the University of Cape Town.
The theme of the Nairobi workshop held on the 18th and 19th of February 2014 was, ‘institutional models of knowledge co-production in the African city’. The workshop probed the notion of ‘co-production’ from an African perspective, and to identify the different models and practices of knowledge co-production that exist and are possible in the African context.
Allan Cain made the following presentation on how Development Workshop uses the co-production of urban research to engage with other Angolan non-state actors in ongoing advocacy with public policy makers on:
-land tenure and urban land markets,
-the informal economy that employs more than half of the population,
-housing strategies and finance
-economic justice issues,
-civil society space and post-conflict peace and reconciliation,
-urban transformations and Chinese financing,
-urban adaptations to environmental & climate change
-community-lead basic services
A.F.R.I.C.A analysis of Angola. About, forte (oil and gas, agriculture, tourism), risks, indicators, culture using hofstedes' cultural dimension, and India angola relationship.
Blaze African City Series - Fourth EditionOnyema Udeze
Impediments to Africa's Economic Growth
Urbanization in many African countries has not necessarily been accompanied by industrial growth and the structural transformation that has occurred in other regions; nor the same level of incomes.
For example, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) reached 40 percent urban in 2013 with a GDP per capita of $1,018; East Asia and the Pacific reached the same level of urbanization in 1994 at $3,617 per capita...
This digest explores the socio-cultural issues in Africa that hinders her development - with emphasis on housing and the cities.
This is done from a value chain perspective.
The first three sections address the supply side of the value chain;
The next two sections address the demand side of the value chain;
The last two sections are recommendations for overall economic growth and policy directions. The first is a bottom-up approach, while the second is a top-down approach.
This is an adaptation of the World Bank 2015 Study: "Stocktaking of the Housing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa; Challenges and Opportunities".
Emerging Market Study – Top 3 for business in South America. This presentation gives a brief information about the top 3 emerging markets in South America.
AIDSTAR-One Emergency Planning for HIV Treatment Access in Conflict and Post-...AIDSTAROne
During emergencies, the fragile healthcare infrastructures in many developing countries cannot address acute injuries while continuing to manage chronic illness. Potential interruptions in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV are serious concerns because continuity of treatment is critical to prevent transmission and ensure individual and community health. This case study documents Uganda's planning process for continuity of HIV programs in the event of emergencies and highlights changes to the process since the violence from northern Uganda's civil war ended.
http://www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/treatment/resources/case_study_series/treatment_access_uganda
Regional Architecture and Identity in the Age of Globalization
CSAAR 2007
The International Conference of
The Center for the Study of Architecture in the Arab Region
In Collaboration with
National School of Architecture and Urbanism
Tunis, Tunisia, 13-15 November, 2006
This paper argues that the world regions, according to their traditional definitions as isolated distinctive entities, do not exist any more.
Globalization has created “a virtual region” that is influencing the life of the individual more than the physical geographic regions.
This paper investigates how the process of globalization has taken place in the Arabian Gulf region since the middle of the 20th century and its impact on the formation of contemporary built environment identity.
It traces the origins of globalization and investigates its current “tides” at the beginning of the 21st century.
Identicide: The Problem with Post-War ReconstructionSarah Meharg
Coined by Dr. Sarah Jane Meharg, identicide is the intentional targeting and destruction of things that represent identity. In this presentation, Dr. Meharg presents a slide show that outlines cases of identicide, with a focus on the sites of cultural heritage destroyed during the Bosnian war in the early 1990s, and the problem with post-war reconstruction.
Reconstruction in Nepal - priorities and impressions - March 2017Magnus Wolfe Murray
An update from field monitoring and walking through earthquake affected communities in Rasuwa and Gorkha districts. As part of my work as reconstruction advisor with DFID Nepal
Allan Cain, director of Development Workshop Angola, made a presentation on the experience, of "urban development - ten years after the civil war". Like China, Angola is one of the world's fastest urbanizing countries. The difference is that Angola has experienced decades of recent civil conflict, so the reconstruction of cities has become one of the country's key challenges. After the Civil War, the destruction of infrastructure, changes in institutional mechanisms, governance capacity needed to be rebuilt. Angola therefore was faced with severe challenges of urbanization and is undergoing social transformation. Allan Cain said that the poverty gap between rich and poor is still a major problem. One of the first goals is to rebuild the war damaged roads so that agricultural products and cheap food can reach urban markets for the city's poor. In addition, the Angolan government has introduced three strategies to promote poverty alleviation work, including universal access to “water for all”, a one million house programs, and municipal decentralization with the establishment of local consultative councils. Like all developing countries, the land issue also is a challenge for Angola's urban development. In the issue of urban re-construction in Angola, Allan Cain shared his policy recommendations: establish a legal framework for improving land transactions; to learn from China on the strengthening of financial management of the municipal levels of government; protection of women's rights; pilot projects; cooperation with the social media to raise public awareness.
Developing the Nigeria Manufacturing sector is a route to opening up a new frontier for the expansion of trade, productivity & competitiveness
• Currently, Industrial capacity is very low with critical industries within the real sector performing below expectations
• The contribution of manufacturing to Nigeria’s GDP is less than 10%
• This is very sad given the fact that retail and wholesale trade are growing at a very fast rate
• And given the fact that Agriculture account for almost 24% of Nigeria’s GDP, there are indications that if a proper framework is put in place, Nigeria’s manufacturing can begin to witness phenomenal growth
• Part of the factors that will help shore up local production and reduce the cost of doing business in Nigeria are:
• The Power Sector reforms - this needs to be fine-tuned
• The strengthening of a policy framework which removes double taxation and encourages investment in the vertical integration of primary sector, Agriculture to secondary sector, production
• Such policies must be backed with the right fiscal policies which give a measure of comfort to infant industry against global competition
The African Urban Research Initiative (AURI) is a network of applied research centres to inform and enhance the policy actors and networks in each African country responsible for urban policy and management. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the fastest urbanizing regions in the world, yet it is the least prepared institutionally to deal with the pressures that will be associated with this process. Development Workshop has participated from the inception of the initiative in Addis Ababa in March 2013 and is one of the three member Steering Committee. The 18 member research centres aim to network together to exchange knowledge, know-how, and expertise to foster a layer of credible and resilient institutions rooted in local realities but engaged with broader trends. The secretariat of AURI is hosted by the Africa Centre for Cities at the University of Cape Town.
The theme of the Nairobi workshop held on the 18th and 19th of February 2014 was, ‘institutional models of knowledge co-production in the African city’. The workshop probed the notion of ‘co-production’ from an African perspective, and to identify the different models and practices of knowledge co-production that exist and are possible in the African context.
Allan Cain made the following presentation on how Development Workshop uses the co-production of urban research to engage with other Angolan non-state actors in ongoing advocacy with public policy makers on:
-land tenure and urban land markets,
-the informal economy that employs more than half of the population,
-housing strategies and finance
-economic justice issues,
-civil society space and post-conflict peace and reconciliation,
-urban transformations and Chinese financing,
-urban adaptations to environmental & climate change
-community-lead basic services
A.F.R.I.C.A analysis of Angola. About, forte (oil and gas, agriculture, tourism), risks, indicators, culture using hofstedes' cultural dimension, and India angola relationship.
Blaze African City Series - Fourth EditionOnyema Udeze
Impediments to Africa's Economic Growth
Urbanization in many African countries has not necessarily been accompanied by industrial growth and the structural transformation that has occurred in other regions; nor the same level of incomes.
For example, Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) reached 40 percent urban in 2013 with a GDP per capita of $1,018; East Asia and the Pacific reached the same level of urbanization in 1994 at $3,617 per capita...
This digest explores the socio-cultural issues in Africa that hinders her development - with emphasis on housing and the cities.
This is done from a value chain perspective.
The first three sections address the supply side of the value chain;
The next two sections address the demand side of the value chain;
The last two sections are recommendations for overall economic growth and policy directions. The first is a bottom-up approach, while the second is a top-down approach.
This is an adaptation of the World Bank 2015 Study: "Stocktaking of the Housing Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa; Challenges and Opportunities".
Emerging Market Study – Top 3 for business in South America. This presentation gives a brief information about the top 3 emerging markets in South America.
This is a presentation put together for the U.S. Embassy-Baghdad in 2005 and integrated the findings of the "Iraq Living Conditions Survey-2004" (for about 80% of the information and dozens of other sources, primary and secondary) by the U.N.D.P. and the Government of Norway into the framework elaborated by Ms. Bathsheba Crocker and Mr Rick Barton in their seminal paper of September 2004, "Progress or Peril" (http://csis.org/files/media/csis/press/ma_2004_0914%5B1%5D.pdf).
Nigeria... Yes, it's big, ugly, dangerous, poor, too big, too hot, too rainy. And it's Africa's biggest country and economy, so the potential for startups and entrepreneurs is huge.
During our trip to Lagos to attend the Mobile West Africa 2014 conference, we listened to the speakers, met the key players of the local tech ecosystem, and were amazed, just like all the other emerging markets we explore, by the creativity, the will, and the startups we saw.
Take the trip with us to dive into Nigeria's startup scene. As usual, we love to look back in time to see what are the milestones explaining why the country is where it is today. Oddly enough, Nigeria has long been a very isolated country, with few exports else than natural resources.
Since Nollywood and the most creative movie industry of the continent, it's changing.
Despite the kilometric list of challenges the country is facing, a lot of spots and startups are to be discussed. Wecyclers, BudgIT are among the secret gems we discovered in Lagos, and for sure, there's more than that.
A Conferencia e Feira é da agência Linear Comunicação sob o lema ""A importância da Habitação Social e o Sector Imobiliário no Combate a Pobreza e a Exclusão Social". A Feira vai contar com a participação de 100 expositores e 10 mil visitantes. Durante o evento, as famílias vão optar por várias maneiras para adquirirem uma casa. Primeira, pela via de auto construção dirigida, segundo pela compra de materiais de construção, e a terceira, pela compra de um terreno.
A Conferencia e Feira é da agência Linear Comunicação sob o lema ""A importância da Habitação Social e o Sector Imobiliário no Combate a Pobreza e a Exclusão Social". A Feira vai contar com a participação de 100 expositores e 10 mil visitantes. Durante o evento, as famílias vão optar por várias maneiras para adquirirem uma casa. Primeira, pela via de auto construção dirigida, segundo pela compra de materiais de construção, e a terceira, pela compra de um terreno.
A Conferencia e Feira é da agência Linear Comunicação sob o lema ""A importância da Habitação Social e o Sector Imobiliário no Combate a Pobreza e a Exclusão Social". A Feira vai contar com a participação de 100 expositores e 10 mil visitantes. Durante o evento, as famílias vão optar por várias maneiras para adquirirem uma casa. Primeira, pela via de auto construção dirigida, segundo pela compra de materiais de construção, e a terceira, pela compra de um terreno.
O Espaço de Debate à Sexta Feira teve como convidado o Senhor João Domingos, Educador Social, Licenciado em Direito pela FDUAN, Pós graduado em Direito Autárquico e Finanças Locais, trabalhador sénior da Development Workshop Angola como Gestor do Sector de Governação Urbana e Pesquisa. Durante a abordagem, fez uma análise dos projectos executados no âmbito do OP do munícipe e seu envolvimento, bem como relação dos projectos financiados pelo OP dos munícipes com outros projectos de desenvolvimento local.
O Espaço de Debate à Sexta Feira teve como convidadas as Senhoras Albertina Maketa, Psicologa e Professora, Licenciada em Psicologia Criminal e Mestranda em Ciências Jurídico-Forense, e Chiara Nanema, Licenciada em Economia pelo Instituto Superior Politécnico Metropolitano de Angola (IMETRO), Pesquisadora e actualmente trabalha na Development Workshop Angola.
Durante a abordagem serão respondidas questões como: em que momento surgem os conflitos entre casais separados? Como ficam os filhos diante destes conflitos? mediante este dilema há a probalibidade de ambos progenitores perderem a guarda dos filhos?
O Espaço de Debate à Sexta Feira recebeu o Sr. Paulo Moreira Arquitecto e Investigador, formado pela Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade do Porto, Doutorado em London Metropolitan University, é editor do livro Critical Neighborhoods – The Architecture of Contested Communities. Tem promovido projectos, iniciativas de projectos e pesquisas relacionadas a carência urbana e social, em contextos independentes e institucionais. De uma forma coesa, vai apresentar a sua mais recente obra intitulada "Arquitetura em comunidades contestadas", que abarca o entendimento da arquitetura como uma profissão multifacetada, e que combina o conhecimento técnico com a interação social
Vacinação contra a Covid-19 nas comunidades do município do Icolo e Bengo, província de Luanda no âmbito do Projecto Covid-19: Prevenção Comunitária em Angola.
O Espaço de Debate à Sexta feira teve como convidado o Sr. Leonel Manuel, Licenciado em Serviço Social pelaFSS da Universidade de Luanda, formador adjunto num seminário de Técnicas de Sensibilização e Advocacia Social no âmbito do projeto: VAMOS VOTA, membro da Associação Cultural e Recreativa de Angola (ASCRA), autor do artigo científico: O Contributo do Assistente Social para as famílias no acesso ao registo de crianças menores de 5 anos, Ex-estagiário do Programa de Estágio Profissional e Comunitário da DW, edição 2021/2022, actualmente colaborador da DW. Na sua abordagem realçou sobre a actuação do Assistente Social nas ONGs, fazendo um paralelo sobre as experiências vividas enquanto estagiário e as actividades desenvolvidas no Projecto Covid-19: Prevenção Comunitária em Angola no município do Cazenga até Abril de 2022 e actualmente no município do Icolo e Bengo.
Descentralização da Administração do Estado;
Financiamento de governos subnacionais ;Responsabilidades dos governos subnacionais; Projectos de apoio ao desenvolvimento local e seu financiamento;Estágio Comunitário;Projecto de Desenvolvimento Local Kwenda;Orçamento Participativo
Plano Integrado de Intervenção nos Municípios (PIIM); Oportunidades e Desafios.
O Espaço do Debate à Sexta feira, teve como convidado Carlos Cambuta, Mestre em Governação e Políticas Públicas e Director-Geral da ADRA - Acção para Desenvolvimento Rural e Ambiente, irá abordar o tema em epigrafe. Entre outros pontos, ao longo sua abordagem reflectimos sobre, como foi o envolvimento das Organizações da Sociedade Civil no processo de consulta para difinição das prioridades das comunidades, que metodologias de consulta foram utilizadas, que actores foram consultados e quais foram os critérios de selecção dos mesmos actores, que prioridades definidas nas comunidades, existe algum mecanismo de monitoramento para atestar que estas prioridades definidas estarão reflectidas no próximo ciclo orçamental e a sua execução?
O Espaço do Debate à Sexta feira, teve como convidado o Sr. João Domingos, Gestor do Sector de Governação Urbana e Pesquisa da DW, Formado em Direito pela FDUA, pós-graduado em Direito Autárquico e Finanças Locais pelo Centro de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas e Governação da mesma Universidade, possue uma ampla experiência em pesquisa acção e monitoria de políticas públicas nas temáticas de Habitação, direito de posse de terra, desenvolvimento local e empreendedorismo juvenil.
A sua abordagem resulta de um estudo de caso realizado no Bairro da Marconi em Luanda focado em como contribuir nas abordagens de melhoria dos assentamentos informais a fim de permitir uma abordagem de maior inclusão comunitária e integração das diferentes visões de desenvolvimento local, à caminho dos ODS 11.
O Espaço do Debate à Sexta feira, tem como convidado o Sr. Bernardo Castro, Director Executivo da Organização Não Governamental Angolana Rede Terra, um dos cofundadores do Sindicatos de professores do ensino Não universitários, Mestre em Adaptações às Alterações Climáticas pela UAB (Universidade Aberta de Portugal) e especialista em questões Fundiárias.
Ao longo da sua abordagem, fará uma incursão sobre os meandros das questões que motivaram a presente recolha e discussão das contribuições sobre a proposta de revisão da Lei de Terra angolana a que a organização está engajada no sentido de colher subsídios para a sua revisão legislativa tendo em conta a sustentabilidade social, ambiental, económica e cultural da terra.
O Espaço do Debate à Sexta feira, teve como convidados a Srª. Elsa Sitageleka, Psicóloga, Motivadora emocional, Professora e Empreendedora e a Srª Benedita Alentejo Psicóloga educacional, Professora e Educadora Motivacional, onde abordard sobre o tema "A comunicação dos pais para com os filhos na formação da personalidade". Entre outos pontos a sua explanação cingir-se-á no seguinte: A função da família e sua importância no desenvolvimento do indivíduo, A interação entre pais e filhos, A influência dos pais na personalidade dos filhos, Personalidade, Importância das regras na educação dos filhos, A comunicação dos pais para com os filhos na formação da personalidade e o papel da educação na formação da personalidade.
Projecto “Serviços de Água, Saneamento e Higiene Geridos pela Comunidade - Província do Bié, Angola”
A Development Workshop Angola (DW) em parceria com a Empresa Pública de Águas e Saneamento do Bié (EPAS) deu início ao lançamento oficial do projecto “Serviços de Água, Saneamento e Higiene Geridos pela Comunidade - Província do Bié, Angola”, em cerimónia oficial realizada na cidade do Cuito, aos 25 de Junho de 2021. Acto semelhante foi promovido no dia 24 de Junho de 2021 no município do Chinguar.
Participaram aos eventos, os Administradores dos Municipios do Chinguar e Cuito, o PCA da EPAS, Administradores Distritais e Comunais, Técnicos das Administrações e da EPAS, Autoridades Tradicionais, Órgãos de Comunicação social, Convidados e Técnicos da DW.
O projecto enquadra-se no âmbito da implementação do Programa Águas Resilientes na Bacia do Rio Cubango-Okavango (BRCO); financiado pela USAID através da Chemonics International, para apoio ao treinamento em matérias de gestão comunitária para projectos de Infraestruturas de Abastecimento de Água e Saneamento Rural (infraestruturas para uso privado não são consideradas).
O Espaço de Debate à Sexta feira, teve como prelector o Docente Universitário Maurício Ganduglia, Arquitecto - Post-master em Culturas construtivas e desenvolvimento sustentável, Membro Associado CRATERRE, Chaire UNESCO, e Coordenador de Projetos e Programas de Formação em construção com materiais locais nas comunidades. A sua apresentação focou-se nas experiências de formação e construção com materiais locais para criar capacidades e conhecimentos para desenvolver a vida de uma maneira segura e sustentável. As experiências a apresentar, desenvolveu-se em vários continentes países e culturas; com actividades adaptadas à formação profissional, técnicos médios, engenheiros, arquitectos e técnicos superiores de construção civil.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
Microfinance in Conflict & Post-War Countries - Allan Cain, August 4 2004
1. Microfinance Training (MFT)
Boulder, Colorado
04 August 2004
Allan Cain
DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
Workshop on
Microfinance in Post-War Countries
and Conflict Situations
Allan Cain
Development Workshop – Angola
allan.dwang@angonet.org
3. War & the Informal Market
• Migration from rural conflict zones to the relativly safe
urban areas happens early in conflict.
• Retailing in the informal sector market is the principal
“coping mechanism” for the urban poor migrants.
• The informal market is dominated by women, many of
them heads of households and a large portion of them
originally migrants to the city.
• Entry into the informal market economy is open to
anyone, regardless of their level of literacy or previous
experience.
• To succeed she needs to acquire business skills and
sufficient capital to build a sustainable micro-enterprise.
5. Coping Mechanisms During Conflict
• Reliance upon humanitarian assistance is an early
coping mechanism for overall survival during conflict for
the internally displaced (IDPs).
• During conflict, trading (often of humanitarian
assistance) is an important survival strategy for IDPs
and usually the first entry point into the marketplace.
• In urban and peri-urban areas, the most common
characteristics of coping mechanisms are low risk, low
investment and quick return activities.
• Cultivating kinship, social and business linkages with
richer more stable, urban and peri-urban markets is
important for establishing businesses and for reducing
vulnerability.
6. Lessons from Sudan
• Problem that population that has become
accustomed to humanitarian relief may still perceive
credit as aid.
• Economy is still very fragile and market limited by
small number and variety of commodities.
• Instability of IDP clients who may decide to go back
to their areas of origin and default on loans.
• Laws for regulating Microfinance do not exist yet so
MFI unable to collateralize loans.
• Local economy often dominated by foreign exchange
MFI may be negatively impacted if forced to do
business in less stable national currency.
From: Lokule Yengi – SUMI – Sudan (2004)
8. Post-Conflict Coping Mechanisms
• As the security situation improves the use of land for
agricultural production becomes an increasingly
important coping mechanism.
• Exploitation of natural resources and household
labour are important survival strategies during and
after conflict.
• In rural areas people prefer to save in productive
assets in the immediate post conflict situation.
• Liquid assets are only useful and desirable to a
limited point. Liquidity incurs the risk of theft or loss
and therefore normally a balance is sought between
need for liquidity and safety.
9. IMPORTANCE OF INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE URBAN
ECONOMY
Self Employment
(informal)
43%
Unpaid Family (informal)
16%
Public Administration
10%
State Company
5%
Private Sector
19%
Other
1%
Business (informal)
6%
Self Employment (informal)
Unpaid Family (informal)
Business (informal)
Other
Public Administration
State Company
Private Sector
Importance of Informal Employment in the
Angolan Urban Economy
Source – Adauta 2001
10. Post-War Economic Exclusion
• Post-war reconstruction strategies often fail to build
on capacities and skills developed by the poor and
IDPs and continue to exclude them from participating
fully in the re-construction process.
• Rather than recognising the entrepreneurial creativity
of informal sector marketers, the poor have been
increasingly excluded from carrying out their business
in the streets and urban centres.
• Economic “liberalisation” of the 1990s has lead to the
concentration of wealth of a few built on privileged
access to bank credit and foreign exchange often at
concessional rates.
11. Informal Market for Services & Land
• 50% of Luanda’s families purchase their water
from informal sector sellers.
• 15% of the poorest families’ incomes goes to
purchase water.
• Informal water market amounts to over US$
35,000,000 per year.
• For the urban poor their investment in a
housing plot and subsequent construction of a
residence is the only means of accumulation
of wealth.
• 80% of the residents in the peri-urban districts
of Luanda have no clear legal title to the land
that they occupy, therefore no way of securing
their investment.
12. Access to Land RightsACCESS TO LAND
Informal Land
Occupation
17%
Informal Purchase
30%
Informal Rental
15%
Informal Inheritance
4%
Informal Family Transfer
9%
Other
3%
Informal House
Occupation
2%
Formal Family Transfer
1%
Formal Inheritance
1%
Formal Rental
2%
State Transfer
2%
Formal Purchase
14%
Existing Land Market - Angola
From a 2003 study carried out by Development
Workshop on peri-urban tenure rights in Luanda
and Huambo