All Newsweek (March 20. 2011) Theyre the sort of scores that driv.pdf
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All Newsweek (March 20. 2011) They\'re the sort of scores that drive high-school history teachers to drink. When NEWSWEEK recently asked 1,000 U S. citizens to take America\'s official citizenship test 30 percent couldn\'t name the vice president Seventy-five percent couldn\'t correctly say why we fought the Cold War forty-five percent were unable to define the Bill of Rights. And 6 percent couldn\'t even circle Independence Day on a calendar. Don\'t get us wrong: civic ignorance is nothing new. For as long as they\'ve existed. Americans have been misunderstanding checks and balances and misidentifying their senators. And they\'ve been lamenting the philistinism of their peers ever since pollsters started publishing these dispiriting surveys back in Harry Truman\'s day. (He was a president, by the way) According to a study by Michael X. Delli Carpini, dean of the Annenherg School for Communication, the yearly shifts in civic knowledge since World War II have averaged out to \"slightly under I percent.\" In a sample of 10 individuals, what is the probability 4 arc could not name the vice president? In a sample of 12 individuals what is the probability at least 8 arc not able to correctly say why we fought the Cold War? In a sample of 15 individuals, what is the probability no more than 10 are unable to define the Bill of Rights? In a sample of 9 individuals, what is the probability that 2, 3, 4, or 5 could not circle Independence Day on a calendar? Solution.
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Still Bowling Alone The Post-911 SplitThomas H. Sander.docx
Still Bowling Alone? The Post-9/11 Split
Thomas H. Sander
Robert D. Putnam
Journal of Democracy, Volume 21, Number 1, January 2010, pp. 9-16 (Article)
Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press
DOI: 10.1353/jod.0.0153
For additional information about this article
Access Provided by Harvard University at 06/04/10 6:01PM GMT
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v021/21.1.sander.html
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v021/21.1.sander.html
Still Bowling Alone?
the poSt-9/11 Split
Thomas H. Sander and Robert D. Putnam
Thomas H. Sander is executive director of the Saguaro Seminar:
Civic Engagement in America at the John F. Kennedy School of Gov-
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Malkin Professor of Public Policy at Harvard University.
Exactly fifteen years ago, the Journal of Democracy published in its
fifth anniversary issue an article by Robert D. Putnam entitled “Bowl-
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makes citizens happier and healthier, reduces crime, makes government
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Journal of Democracy Volume 21, Number 1 January 2010
© 2010 National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press
10 Journal of Democracy
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Title:
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Authors:
Patrik Jonsson Staff writer
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Lesson 2, Part 2: Campaigns and Elections
During his 1956 presidential campaign, a woman called out to Adlai E. Stevenson: “Senator, you have the vote of every thinking person!” Stevenson replied: “That's not enough, madam, we need a majority!”
Expected Outcomes
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Overview
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Some Presidential Campaign Slogans from the Past
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1864 Abraham Lincoln "Don't Swap Horses in the Middle of the Stream"
1888 Benjamin Harrison "Rejuvenated Republicanism"
1896 William McKinley "Patriotism, Protection, and Prosperity"
1900 William McKinley "A Full Dinner Bucket"
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In the age of the whistle-stop tour, not many Americans were exposed to political messages – but those who were often got an earful. Consider, for example, the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 (held for a US Senate seat from Illinois), were complex, nuanced, and substantive. Today, television enables candidates to reach out to tens of millions of people, but they often do so with a simplistic mix of soundbites, catchphrases and bumper-sticker slogans.
Elections for Congress are held at the state level, and rules vary from state to state. This unit is primarily concerned with campaigns and elections for national office – for the Presidency.
The United States Electoral College is the official name of the group of Presidential Electors who are chosen every four years to cast the electoral vote and thereby elect the president and vice president of the United States. It was established by Article Two, Section One of the United States Constitution, which provides for a quadrennial election of Presidential Electors in each state.
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The Normalization” of Argentine PoliticsLevitsky, Steven..docx
The “Normalization” of Argentine Politics
Levitsky, Steven.
Journal of Democracy, Volume 11, Number 2, April 2000, pp. 56-69 (Article)
Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press
For additional information about this article
Access Provided by Florida International University at 01/10/11 1:57PM GMT
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v011/11.2levitsky.html
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v011/11.2levitsky.html
THE “NORMALIZATION” OF
ARGENTINE POLITICS
Steven Levitsky
On 24 October 1999, Fernando de la Rua of the opposition Alliance
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defeating Eduardo Duhalde of the incumbent Justicialista (or Peronist)
Party (PJ) by a margin of 49 percent to 38 percent. Former economics
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democratic means. In addition, the new Alliance government, which is
made up of the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR) and the center-left
Front for a Country in Solidarity (FREPASO), is the first real coalition
government in Argentina’s modern democratic history.
Perhaps the most striking change, however, was the routine—even
boring—character of the election. De la Rua, a conventional politi-
cian without any of the charisma or “outsider” appeal of his predeces-
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Steven Levitsky, assistant professor of government at Harvard
University, is the author (with David Collier) of “Democracy with
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Levitsky.new created from email by SL on 1-27 (6185 words). Levitsky.txt created by ME on 2/
1 (5878 words). PRE created from TXT by SL on 2/2. Chart created in PRE by SL on 2/4. MP
edits entered by ME on 2/4 (5879 words). AA’s entered by ME on 2/7 (5910 words). Further
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Media in American Politics Powerpoint
This document discusses the author's research topic on media in American politics. The author will investigate the history of media in politics from yellow journalism to today. They will also examine the role of media in shaping political views, and how media outlets, the American people, and government figures all interact. The author questions how accessible and reliable different media sources are, and whether true unbiased news is possible. They acknowledge an opposing view that claims no liberal media bias exists, but argue that an overall political bias influences American views.
Education in a post truth world
What does it mean to live in a post-truth world? Is a post-truth world functional? This slide set discusses the centrality of truth to our institutions and its crucial significance for education
Clinton cash machine causing woes for Hillary
My Thoughts About This Article:
Yes payday loans could be "poor" but in reality this is actually th...
Meredith Ward is the assistant chief accountant at Frazier Company, .pdf
Meredith Ward is the assistant chief accountant at Frazier Company, a manufacturer of computer
chips and cellular phones. The company presently has total sales of $20 million. It is the end of
the first quarter. Meredith is hurriedly trying to prepare a trial balance so that quarterly financial
statements can be prepared and released to management and the regulatory agencies. The total
credits on the trial balance exceed the debits by $1,000. In order to meet the 4 p.m. deadline,
Meredith decides to force the debits and credits into balance by adding the amount of the
difference to the Equipment account. She chooses Equipment because it is one of the larger
account balances; percentage-wise, it will be the least misstatedMeredith “plugs” the difference!
She believes that the difference will not affect anyone’s decisions. She wishes that she had
another few days to find the error but realizes that the financial statements are already late.
Who are the stakeholders in this situation?
What are the ethical issues involved in this case?
What are Meredith’s alternatives?
Solution
Part A
The stakeholders in this situation are:
- the Frazier company, the company and its shareholders.
- Meredith Ward who is employee working at a position of assistant chief accountant.
- Users of the company’s financial statements.
Part B
Meredith\'saction of adding $1,000 to the Equipment account is unethical. The total of equipment
account is intentionally misstated. The misstatement of equipment account by $1000 will also
result into misstatement of other account by $1000 to avoid error that may arise due to
imbalance. If the amount would have been immaterial and there is no intention to commit fraud
(cover up an embezzlement or other misappropriation of assets), Meredith’s action might not be
considered unethical in the preparation of interim financial statements. However, if Meredith is
considered to be violating a company accounting policy by her action, in that case her behaviour
is believed to be unethical.
Part C
Meredith’s alternatives are:
1. Identify the error causing the imbalance though it requires more time than deadline
2. She should honestly inform her supervisor of the imbalance and suffer the consequences.
3. making the adjustment in the next quarter, identifying the error after deadline.
In mathematics, a formula is a(n)A.expression of the value of.pdf
In mathematics, a formula is a(n)
A.
expression of the value of the quantity.
B.
procedure for calculating area and perimeter.
C.
equation with three or more unknown quantities.
D.
rule for finding an unknown quantity
Solution
I would say that it is a rule for finding an unknown quantity as we use formulas to find answers..
Landless Corporation currently has 120,000 shares outstanding of $1 .pdf
Landless Corporation currently has 120,000 shares outstanding of $1 par value common stock.
The stock was originally issued for $12 per share. On March 15, the board of directors declares
and distributes a 10% stock dividend when the stock is selling for $16 per share. Prepare the
journal entry to record the stock dividend.
Solution
Retained earnings 192000 =120000*10%*16 Common stock 12000 Paid-in
capital in excess of par 180000 To record the stock dividend.
Following are some transactions and events of Business Solutions. Feb.pdf
Following are some transactions and events of Business
Solution
s. Feb. 26 The company paid cash to Lyn Addie for eight days\' work at $140 per day. Mar. 25
The company sold merchandise with a $2,132 cost for $2,800 on credit to Wildcat Services,
invoice dated March 25. Required: 1. Assume that Lyn Addie is an unmarried employee. Her
$1,120 of wages are subject to no deductions other than FICA Social Security taxes, FICA
Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes. Her federal income taxes for this pay period total
$112. Compute her net pay for the eight days\' work paid on February 26. (Round your answer to
2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.) Net pay.
Each of the following termsphrases conceptually falls into one of t.pdf
Each of the following terms/phrases conceptually falls into one of the two categories: type I error
and type II error. Put a “1” or “2” next to the letter of each word listed below…
A. Critical region(s)
B. p > a
C. Reject H0
D. Region(s) of rejection
E. Fail to reject H0
F. |z| < |za|
G. Statistically significant H. Region of retention I. p is less than or equal to a
Solution
a type I error
b type I error
c type i error
d. type II ERROR
e type ii error
f type i error
e..
Dinosaur fossils are often dated by using an element other than carbo.pdf
Dinosaur fossils are often dated by using an element other than carbon, such as potassium-40,
that has a longer half-life (in this case, approximately 1.25 billion years). Suppose the minimum
detectable amount is 0.1 % and a dinosaur is dated with ^40K to be 68 million years old. Is such
a dating possible? In other words, what is the maximum age of a fossil that we could date using
^40K?
Solution.
Discuss the term renaissance (what does it mean) and the developmen.pdf
Discuss the term renaissance (what does it mean?) and the development of the Italian
Renaissance. Describe its features and some of its notable figures - artistic and literary. What is
new about this time and what themes are based on past art, architecture, and literature? What
relationship does the Italian renaissance have to the Protestant reformations? Respond to two
other people
Solution
The term ‘renaissance ‘ accurately means rebirth in a contracted sense it is used to describe the
revival of interest in the classical civilization of Greece and Rome renaissance was marked by a
series of new development in the field of art ,literature, religion, philosophy, science and politics
.the period of served as a bridge between medieval and modern west Europe
Renaissance began with the rediscovery of Greco –roman evolution which had been neglected
during the middle ages .it emphasized reason a questioning attitude experimentation and free
enquiry
This is contrasted with medieval reason with faith authority and tradition it glorified the
individual and approved worldly pleasure
Art and architecture during renaissance was in fluenced by classical Greece ad Rome renaissance
painting emphasized realism attention to detail and desire for perfection
In the era of Renaissance Literature, it was considered as division between the middle ages and
modern era. The Humanists considered that the man should be considered as subject of study and
not god. Printing press was one of the inventions during that era. Famous Writers include
William Shakespeare, John Milton, Philip Sidney
During the late 15thCentury is when ItalianRenaissance had started in Tuscany. It is well known
for cultural achievements. The work also includes literatures, Art, Architecture etc.
In the course of Renaissance the principles of art and architecture became integrated in the
recognition of classical antiquity. Florence had become the centre of culture and artistic event for
art. Artist had begun to appear from the role of artisan in which oil based paints were used for the
first time at this period. Artist here started to paint everyday life instead of religious scene. One
of the famous painter being Michelangelo, Leonardo Da vinci.
The causes for reformation was due to Political, Economic, Intellectual etc..
Consider a binary SNP matrix M with 1 representing the derived allele.pdf
Consider a binary SNP matrix M with 1 representing the derived allele, and 0 as the ancestral
allele. The SNP matrix has n haplotypes. The HAF vector of a haplotype h in M, denoted c_h, is
obtained by taking the binary haplotype vector and replacing non-zero entries (derived alleles
carried by the haplotype) with their respective frequencies in the sample. Define the HAF score
of h as: HAF (h) sigma_j c_h[j] where the sum proceeds over all segregating sites j in the
genomic region. Derive an expression for the Expected value of HAF (h) for h randomly
sampled from a neutrally evolving sample of n individuals.
Solution
SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)
Frequency of SNPs is greater than that of any other type of polymorphism.
Having the understanding of the structure and frequencies of haplotypes is very important for
associating genetic polymorphisms with a given trait. It also helps in inferring the genetic
genealogy of alleles in a population.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes can be determined without ambiguity when
an individual does not have more than one heterozygous site in a given genomic region.
The Haplotype Allele Frequency (HAF) score assigned to individual haplotypes in a sample
naturally captures many of the properties shared by haplotypes carrying a favored allele.
Haplotype: Combinations of genetic variants occurring on the same DNA molecule. Each gene
in the diploid genome has two sequences, one on each haplotype.
Methods for detecting the genomic signatures of natural selection have been heavily studied.
They have been successful in identifying many selective sweeps.
For most of these sweeps, the favored allele remains unknown, making it difficult to distinguish
carriers of the sweep from non-carriers.
In an ongoing selective sweep, carriers of the favored allele are likely to contain a future most
recent common ancestor.
a) Expected value of HAF (h) for h randomly sampled from a neutrally evolving sample of n
individuals.
Consider a neutrally evolving sample of n individuals. We assume that all sites are biallelic, and
at each site, we denote ancestral alleles by 0 and derived alleles by 1. We also assume that all
sites are polymorphic in the sample. The HAF vector of a haplotype h, denoted by c, is obtained
by taking the binary haplotype vector and replacing non-zero entries (derived alleles carried by
the haplotype) with their respective frequencies in the sample. For parameter , we define the -
HAF score of c as:
where the sum proceeds over all segregating sites j in the genomic region. The 1-HAF score of a
haplotype amounts to the sum of frequencies of all derived alleles carried by the haplotype. The -
HAF score is equivalent to the -norm of c raised to the th power..
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HKS Robert Putnam still bowling alone
This document summarizes a journal article about civic engagement in America before and after 9/11. It discusses how civic engagement had been declining for decades prior to 9/11, as seen in decreasing rates of voting, community involvement and social trust. However, the 9/11 attacks appeared to spark increased civic engagement among young people, who were most impressionable at the time. Rates of youth volunteering, political discussion and voting have risen sharply since 2001. However, this growth in civic engagement has primarily been among affluent white youth, while engagement has continued declining among less affluent youth. There are concerns this could exacerbate inequality in America.
Comparing social movments
The Tea Party movement arose in response to growing dissatisfaction with the federal government, large deficits, and the Obama administration. It is a loosely organized conservative movement that is populist in nature and against big government. While currently popular, especially among independents, analysts disagree on whether it represents the beginning of a new conservative era or is a reactionary movement defined by fear and anger that may not endure. The movement could potentially reshape American politics in the coming decade if it develops strong leadership and a clear vision and agenda.
Still Bowling Alone The Post-911 SplitThomas H. Sander.docx
Still Bowling Alone? The Post-9/11 Split
Thomas H. Sander
Robert D. Putnam
Journal of Democracy, Volume 21, Number 1, January 2010, pp. 9-16 (Article)
Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press
DOI: 10.1353/jod.0.0153
For additional information about this article
Access Provided by Harvard University at 06/04/10 6:01PM GMT
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v021/21.1.sander.html
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v021/21.1.sander.html
Still Bowling Alone?
the poSt-9/11 Split
Thomas H. Sander and Robert D. Putnam
Thomas H. Sander is executive director of the Saguaro Seminar:
Civic Engagement in America at the John F. Kennedy School of Gov-
ernment, Harvard University. Robert D. Putnam is Peter and Isabel
Malkin Professor of Public Policy at Harvard University.
Exactly fifteen years ago, the Journal of Democracy published in its
fifth anniversary issue an article by Robert D. Putnam entitled “Bowl-
ing Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital.”1 The essay struck a
chord with readers who had watched their voting precincts empty out,
their favorite bowling alleys or Elks lodges close for lack of patrons and
members, and their once-regular card games and dinner parties become
sporadic. Marshaling evidence of such trends, the article galvanized
widespread concern about the weakening of civic engagement in the
United States. But it also roused deep interest in the broader concept of
“social capital”—a term that social scientists use as shorthand for social
networks and the norms of reciprocity and trust to which those networks
give rise. No democracy, and indeed no society, can be healthy without
at least a modicum of this resource.
Even though Putnam’s article and subsequent book-length study Bowl-
ing Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community2 focused
on the United States, scholars and political leaders around the world
were seized by the question of how to foster the growth and improve
the quality of social capital.3 This interest was not altogether surprising,
as research in a variety of fields was demonstrating that social capital
makes citizens happier and healthier, reduces crime, makes government
more responsive and honest, and improves economic productivity.4
The trend that “Bowling Alone” spotlighted was alarming: By many
measures, since the 1960s or 1970s Americans had been withdraw-
ing from their communities. Attendance at public meetings plunged
by nearly half between 1973 and 1994. The family dinner seemed at
risk of becoming an endangered species. Trust in strangers took a sharp
Journal of Democracy Volume 21, Number 1 January 2010
© 2010 National Endowment for Democracy and The Johns Hopkins University Press
10 Journal of Democracy
drop: In the early 1960s, more than half of all Americans said that they
trusted others; fewer than a third say the same thing today. In the 1990s,
as Americans’ social co.
Final Paper
This summary analyzes a 2004 episode of South Park called "Douche and Turd" and draws parallels to the current American political system. The episode satirizes a school election where the only two choices for mascot are a giant douche and a turd sandwich, mirroring the 2004 US presidential election between Bush and Kerry. Using political theory and analysis, the document argues that the two-party system and expansion of the electorate has led to uninformed voters who feel insignificant and face a choice between undesirable options. It suggests a multi-party system could increase representation but may degrade into a two-party system over time.
TitleHow FBIs Dylann Roof gun snafu hurts Obamas gun .docx
Title:
How FBI's Dylann Roof gun snafu hurts Obama's gun control agenda.
Authors:
Patrik Jonsson Staff writer
President Obama pushed Americans to call for stricter gun controls in the wake of the June 17 Charleston church massacre, complaining that the admitted killer, Dylann Roof, "had no trouble getting his hands on a gun."
What the President likely didn't know when he made those comments is this: It wasn't a lack of gun controls, but a bureaucratic failure, that led to Roof obtaining the gun legally, due, it turns out, on a senior FBI document examiner's unfamiliarity with South Carolina geography.
As such, details revealed Friday in the Dylann Roof case add to the complexity of the President's earlier call for a "greater sense of urgency" on gun safety, as FBI Director James Comey said Friday that the agency "felt sick" about its role in the Charleston tragedy – specifically, a failure to spot a drug charge that would have disqualified Roof from buying a gun on April 11.
According to Mr. Comey, a senior examiner started working on Roof's application on April 13, digging into the details of a drug arrest from earlier this year, which had the potential for disqualifying the application. But, being unfamiliar with South Carolina geography, she contacted the wrong law enforcement jurisdiction, which said it had no details on the arrest. A federal law allows the FBI three days to do a background check before either approving it or giving gun stores the discretion to sell the gun anyway.
By the end of that week, Roof had his murder weapon in hand.
For some commentators, the question now is whether a new focus on background checks and the FBI's admission that it flubbed Roof's application will affect public opinion over gun controls in an era where a recent government study found that the number of active shooter incidents rose from an average of 6.4 situations a year in 2007 to an average of 16.4 incidents in 2013.
The role of the government in preventing such tragedies is at the heart of the debate, which is deeply intertwined with America's long-running and complicated relationship with firearms ownership as guaranteed by the US Constitution.
At the same time, the "revving up of presidential campaigns for 2016 [have] increased the hostility" around the gun control debate, writes Aileen Graef for Sinclair Broadcast Group, which owns 162 TV stations in the US.
After a comprehensive gun safety bill failed to pass Congress following the Sandy Hook school massacre in late 2012, support for new gun controls has waned. Polls show only 47 percent of Americans now favoring stricter gun controls. There's other evidence that the US public has little appetite for new gun strictures. After all, 90 percent of NRA-backed candidates won their races in Election 2014.
And while the Charleston massacre forced South Carolina to reconsider its sanctioning of the Confederate battle flag, which Roof had posed with in photos and which t ...
Rank presidents by their humanitarian records
Ranking presidents is often a popularity or name recognition contest. Let us instead rank presidents by how many lived or died because of them. This makes the worst presidents Nixon, Reagan, and Jackson, and the best presidents Lincoln, Van Buren, Carter, and Grant. Some both saved many lives and caused many deaths, like Franklin Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, and Obama.
ThatæS Entertainment Politics As Theater In Campaign æ08 Jon Perr
The document discusses how politics has become more like entertainment, focusing on conflict, drama, and performance to attract viewers. It notes the rise of infotainment media sources and decline of traditional media. Politicians must compete for attention and use confrontation, emotion and partisan rhetoric. However, there are some signs of hope like record voter turnouts among young people and increased civic engagement through new media.
Lesson 2, Part 2 Campaigns and ElectionsDuring his 1956 presi.docx
Lesson 2, Part 2: Campaigns and Elections
During his 1956 presidential campaign, a woman called out to Adlai E. Stevenson: “Senator, you have the vote of every thinking person!” Stevenson replied: “That's not enough, madam, we need a majority!”
Expected Outcomes
To understand how political candidates conduct campaigns; to comprehend how the American electoral system works and how the electoral map reveals political turning points; and to analyze the style and substance of leading candidates in the 2008 election.
Overview
Today, American politics has come a long way since the days of whistle-stop tours and street pamphlets, which, before the age of television, encapsulated political messages.
Some Presidential Campaign Slogans from the Past
1860 Abraham Lincoln "Vote Yourself a Farm"
1864 Abraham Lincoln "Don't Swap Horses in the Middle of the Stream"
1888 Benjamin Harrison "Rejuvenated Republicanism"
1896 William McKinley "Patriotism, Protection, and Prosperity"
1900 William McKinley "A Full Dinner Bucket"
More sophistication has now entered the process of campaign and elections. Politicians hone their messages with “focus groups” and, often, modify their positions based on opinion polls.
As this Lesson travels across time, it reveals that the technology and sophistication of campaigns has changed dramatically. That being said, it is not possible to say that campaigns are more substantive today than in previous decades or centuries.
In the age of the whistle-stop tour, not many Americans were exposed to political messages – but those who were often got an earful. Consider, for example, the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 (held for a US Senate seat from Illinois), were complex, nuanced, and substantive. Today, television enables candidates to reach out to tens of millions of people, but they often do so with a simplistic mix of soundbites, catchphrases and bumper-sticker slogans.
Elections for Congress are held at the state level, and rules vary from state to state. This unit is primarily concerned with campaigns and elections for national office – for the Presidency.
The United States Electoral College is the official name of the group of Presidential Electors who are chosen every four years to cast the electoral vote and thereby elect the president and vice president of the United States. It was established by Article Two, Section One of the United States Constitution, which provides for a quadrennial election of Presidential Electors in each state.
In each election, there are 538 possible electoral votes to be won (270 are needed to win), with large states such as California worth more than small states such as Rhode Island. There is a rough but not exact correlation between population size and electoral votes.
The Electoral College dilutes the votes of population centers that might have different concerns from the rest of the country. The system is supposed to require presidential candidates to appeal to many different ty ...
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The document discusses how the American media failed to adequately report on the Rwandan genocide of 1994. It began with hate messages targeting Tutsis on Rwandan radio. After the president's assassination, radio broadcasts incited the Hutu population to systematically kill Tutsis. Over 800,000 Tutsis were killed. The media failed to recognize it as a genocide and provided distorted coverage for several reasons. Coverage of international news focuses on stories that appeal to American audiences. The genocide received less attention than other events like the O.J. Simpson trial. It also did not fit the criteria for how the media typically covers crises or foreign affairs. This led to oversimplified portrayals that obscured the truth and
The Normalization” of Argentine PoliticsLevitsky, Steven..docx
The “Normalization” of Argentine Politics
Levitsky, Steven.
Journal of Democracy, Volume 11, Number 2, April 2000, pp. 56-69 (Article)
Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press
For additional information about this article
Access Provided by Florida International University at 01/10/11 1:57PM GMT
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v011/11.2levitsky.html
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v011/11.2levitsky.html
THE “NORMALIZATION” OF
ARGENTINE POLITICS
Steven Levitsky
On 24 October 1999, Fernando de la Rua of the opposition Alliance
for Jobs, Justice, and Education was elected president of Argentina,
defeating Eduardo Duhalde of the incumbent Justicialista (or Peronist)
Party (PJ) by a margin of 49 percent to 38 percent. Former economics
minister Domingo Cavallo, running on the center-right Action for the
Republic party ticket, finished third with 10 percent. The election was
unprecedented in several respects. De la Rua’s assumption of the
presidency marked the first time that Argentine democracy had survived
two consecutive transfers of power from one party to another, as well as
the first time that a Peronist had been removed from national office by
democratic means. In addition, the new Alliance government, which is
made up of the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR) and the center-left
Front for a Country in Solidarity (FREPASO), is the first real coalition
government in Argentina’s modern democratic history.
Perhaps the most striking change, however, was the routine—even
boring—character of the election. De la Rua, a conventional politi-
cian without any of the charisma or “outsider” appeal of his predeces-
sor Carlos Menem, ran a bland campaign that centered on clean
government and institutional integrity. And in stark contrast to 1989,
when hyperinflation and mass looting forced Raúl Alfonsín to hand
over the presidency to Menem six months before the end of his term,
the 1999 transition took place without a hitch and virtually without
controversy. In short, a central characteristic of the 1999 election—
Argentina’s tenth national election since the collapse of military rule
Steven Levitsky, assistant professor of government at Harvard
University, is the author (with David Collier) of “Democracy with
Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research,” published
in April 1997 in World Politics. His essay “Fujimori and Post-Party
Politics in Peru” appeared in the July 1999 issue of the Journal of
Democracy.
Journal of Democracy Volume 11, Number 2 April 2000
Levitsky.new created from email by SL on 1-27 (6185 words). Levitsky.txt created by ME on 2/
1 (5878 words). PRE created from TXT by SL on 2/2. Chart created in PRE by SL on 2/4. MP
edits entered by ME on 2/4 (5879 words). AA’s entered by ME on 2/7 (5910 words). Further
AA’s entered on 2/23 (5914 words). PRE revised with TXT by SL on 2/23. PGS created from
PRE by SL on 2/23.
Steven Levitsky 5 7
in 1 ...
Media in American Politics Powerpoint
This document discusses the author's research topic on media in American politics. The author will investigate the history of media in politics from yellow journalism to today. They will also examine the role of media in shaping political views, and how media outlets, the American people, and government figures all interact. The author questions how accessible and reliable different media sources are, and whether true unbiased news is possible. They acknowledge an opposing view that claims no liberal media bias exists, but argue that an overall political bias influences American views.
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Meredith Ward is the assistant chief accountant at Frazier Company, .pdf
Meredith Ward is the assistant chief accountant at Frazier Company, a manufacturer of computer
chips and cellular phones. The company presently has total sales of $20 million. It is the end of
the first quarter. Meredith is hurriedly trying to prepare a trial balance so that quarterly financial
statements can be prepared and released to management and the regulatory agencies. The total
credits on the trial balance exceed the debits by $1,000. In order to meet the 4 p.m. deadline,
Meredith decides to force the debits and credits into balance by adding the amount of the
difference to the Equipment account. She chooses Equipment because it is one of the larger
account balances; percentage-wise, it will be the least misstatedMeredith “plugs” the difference!
She believes that the difference will not affect anyone’s decisions. She wishes that she had
another few days to find the error but realizes that the financial statements are already late.
Who are the stakeholders in this situation?
What are the ethical issues involved in this case?
What are Meredith’s alternatives?
Solution
Part A
The stakeholders in this situation are:
- the Frazier company, the company and its shareholders.
- Meredith Ward who is employee working at a position of assistant chief accountant.
- Users of the company’s financial statements.
Part B
Meredith\'saction of adding $1,000 to the Equipment account is unethical. The total of equipment
account is intentionally misstated. The misstatement of equipment account by $1000 will also
result into misstatement of other account by $1000 to avoid error that may arise due to
imbalance. If the amount would have been immaterial and there is no intention to commit fraud
(cover up an embezzlement or other misappropriation of assets), Meredith’s action might not be
considered unethical in the preparation of interim financial statements. However, if Meredith is
considered to be violating a company accounting policy by her action, in that case her behaviour
is believed to be unethical.
Part C
Meredith’s alternatives are:
1. Identify the error causing the imbalance though it requires more time than deadline
2. She should honestly inform her supervisor of the imbalance and suffer the consequences.
3. making the adjustment in the next quarter, identifying the error after deadline.
In mathematics, a formula is a(n)A.expression of the value of.pdf
In mathematics, a formula is a(n)
A.
expression of the value of the quantity.
B.
procedure for calculating area and perimeter.
C.
equation with three or more unknown quantities.
D.
rule for finding an unknown quantity
Solution
I would say that it is a rule for finding an unknown quantity as we use formulas to find answers..
Landless Corporation currently has 120,000 shares outstanding of $1 .pdf
Landless Corporation currently has 120,000 shares outstanding of $1 par value common stock.
The stock was originally issued for $12 per share. On March 15, the board of directors declares
and distributes a 10% stock dividend when the stock is selling for $16 per share. Prepare the
journal entry to record the stock dividend.
Solution
Retained earnings 192000 =120000*10%*16 Common stock 12000 Paid-in
capital in excess of par 180000 To record the stock dividend.
Following are some transactions and events of Business Solutions. Feb.pdf
Following are some transactions and events of Business
Solution
s. Feb. 26 The company paid cash to Lyn Addie for eight days\' work at $140 per day. Mar. 25
The company sold merchandise with a $2,132 cost for $2,800 on credit to Wildcat Services,
invoice dated March 25. Required: 1. Assume that Lyn Addie is an unmarried employee. Her
$1,120 of wages are subject to no deductions other than FICA Social Security taxes, FICA
Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes. Her federal income taxes for this pay period total
$112. Compute her net pay for the eight days\' work paid on February 26. (Round your answer to
2 decimal places. Do not round intermediate calculations.) Net pay.
Each of the following termsphrases conceptually falls into one of t.pdf
Each of the following terms/phrases conceptually falls into one of the two categories: type I error
and type II error. Put a “1” or “2” next to the letter of each word listed below…
A. Critical region(s)
B. p > a
C. Reject H0
D. Region(s) of rejection
E. Fail to reject H0
F. |z| < |za|
G. Statistically significant H. Region of retention I. p is less than or equal to a
Solution
a type I error
b type I error
c type i error
d. type II ERROR
e type ii error
f type i error
e..
Dinosaur fossils are often dated by using an element other than carbo.pdf
Dinosaur fossils are often dated by using an element other than carbon, such as potassium-40,
that has a longer half-life (in this case, approximately 1.25 billion years). Suppose the minimum
detectable amount is 0.1 % and a dinosaur is dated with ^40K to be 68 million years old. Is such
a dating possible? In other words, what is the maximum age of a fossil that we could date using
^40K?
Solution.
Discuss the term renaissance (what does it mean) and the developmen.pdf
Discuss the term renaissance (what does it mean?) and the development of the Italian
Renaissance. Describe its features and some of its notable figures - artistic and literary. What is
new about this time and what themes are based on past art, architecture, and literature? What
relationship does the Italian renaissance have to the Protestant reformations? Respond to two
other people
Solution
The term ‘renaissance ‘ accurately means rebirth in a contracted sense it is used to describe the
revival of interest in the classical civilization of Greece and Rome renaissance was marked by a
series of new development in the field of art ,literature, religion, philosophy, science and politics
.the period of served as a bridge between medieval and modern west Europe
Renaissance began with the rediscovery of Greco –roman evolution which had been neglected
during the middle ages .it emphasized reason a questioning attitude experimentation and free
enquiry
This is contrasted with medieval reason with faith authority and tradition it glorified the
individual and approved worldly pleasure
Art and architecture during renaissance was in fluenced by classical Greece ad Rome renaissance
painting emphasized realism attention to detail and desire for perfection
In the era of Renaissance Literature, it was considered as division between the middle ages and
modern era. The Humanists considered that the man should be considered as subject of study and
not god. Printing press was one of the inventions during that era. Famous Writers include
William Shakespeare, John Milton, Philip Sidney
During the late 15thCentury is when ItalianRenaissance had started in Tuscany. It is well known
for cultural achievements. The work also includes literatures, Art, Architecture etc.
In the course of Renaissance the principles of art and architecture became integrated in the
recognition of classical antiquity. Florence had become the centre of culture and artistic event for
art. Artist had begun to appear from the role of artisan in which oil based paints were used for the
first time at this period. Artist here started to paint everyday life instead of religious scene. One
of the famous painter being Michelangelo, Leonardo Da vinci.
The causes for reformation was due to Political, Economic, Intellectual etc..
Consider a binary SNP matrix M with 1 representing the derived allele.pdf
Consider a binary SNP matrix M with 1 representing the derived allele, and 0 as the ancestral
allele. The SNP matrix has n haplotypes. The HAF vector of a haplotype h in M, denoted c_h, is
obtained by taking the binary haplotype vector and replacing non-zero entries (derived alleles
carried by the haplotype) with their respective frequencies in the sample. Define the HAF score
of h as: HAF (h) sigma_j c_h[j] where the sum proceeds over all segregating sites j in the
genomic region. Derive an expression for the Expected value of HAF (h) for h randomly
sampled from a neutrally evolving sample of n individuals.
Solution
SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)
Frequency of SNPs is greater than that of any other type of polymorphism.
Having the understanding of the structure and frequencies of haplotypes is very important for
associating genetic polymorphisms with a given trait. It also helps in inferring the genetic
genealogy of alleles in a population.
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes can be determined without ambiguity when
an individual does not have more than one heterozygous site in a given genomic region.
The Haplotype Allele Frequency (HAF) score assigned to individual haplotypes in a sample
naturally captures many of the properties shared by haplotypes carrying a favored allele.
Haplotype: Combinations of genetic variants occurring on the same DNA molecule. Each gene
in the diploid genome has two sequences, one on each haplotype.
Methods for detecting the genomic signatures of natural selection have been heavily studied.
They have been successful in identifying many selective sweeps.
For most of these sweeps, the favored allele remains unknown, making it difficult to distinguish
carriers of the sweep from non-carriers.
In an ongoing selective sweep, carriers of the favored allele are likely to contain a future most
recent common ancestor.
a) Expected value of HAF (h) for h randomly sampled from a neutrally evolving sample of n
individuals.
Consider a neutrally evolving sample of n individuals. We assume that all sites are biallelic, and
at each site, we denote ancestral alleles by 0 and derived alleles by 1. We also assume that all
sites are polymorphic in the sample. The HAF vector of a haplotype h, denoted by c, is obtained
by taking the binary haplotype vector and replacing non-zero entries (derived alleles carried by
the haplotype) with their respective frequencies in the sample. For parameter , we define the -
HAF score of c as:
where the sum proceeds over all segregating sites j in the genomic region. The 1-HAF score of a
haplotype amounts to the sum of frequencies of all derived alleles carried by the haplotype. The -
HAF score is equivalent to the -norm of c raised to the th power..
Can someone explain to me the classification of PRRs in immuniology.pdf
Can someone explain to me the classification of PRRs in immuniology
Classification of PRRs
: a) signaling b) endocytic
Solution
Prr are pattern recognition receptors, which play a very crucial part in immune system.
On the basis of ligand specificity, localisation , function and evolutionary relation ships , they
can be classified into two
A) signalling prr. They include large family of cytoplasmic NOD like receptors, and membrane
bound TOLL like receptors
B) endocytic prr . They engulf and destroy micro organisms, diaease causing antigens with the
help of phagocytes without any relay of intra cellular signals..
An empty soda can has been submitted as evidence. Name at least two .pdf
An empty soda can was submitted as evidence. Fingerprints and saliva residue could be analyzed through forensic examination. Fingerprints would be visualized using powder and photographed or lifted with tape. DNA could also be analyzed by extracting variable number tandem repeats, mixing them with probes, and exposing the blot to film to identify dark bands matching an individual's DNA profile.
a. What is structure a.... b. Are the contents of structure haploid.pdf
a. What is structure a?.... b. Are the contents of structure haploid or diploid? Forming Fungi gus
a uc o the (130x). (Auad \'MrMooudl
Solution
Answer:
The above diagram shows that it is fungus, named as a Rhizopus, which belong to class
\"Zygomycota\".
The mycelium is divided into three parts, 1) Rhizoids (roots like), which help in absorbtion of
food materials from substratum.. 2) Sporangiophores 3) Sporangia
The thallus of fungus is haploid, it forms zygospore (diploid) during reproduction..
5. Which of the following is NOT a function of foreign exchange mark.pdf
5. Which of the following is NOT a function of foreign exchange markets?
Select one:
a. All of these are functions of foreign exchange markets
b. speculation in currency values
c. foreign trade
d. raising capital in foreign markets
e. the transfer of risk between market participants
Solution
option: c. foreign trade
functions of foreign trade are.....
Which of the following provide evidence of biological evolution a. .pdf
Which of the following provide evidence of biological evolution? a. transitional fossils b.
artificial selection c. vestigial organs d. biogeography e. all of the above (a-d) Islands, such as
the Galapagos Islands, have high numbers of ENDEMIC species because: a. They are easy to
colonize b. They are close to continents c. They are physically isolated The theory of special
creation argues that all species were created independently. True False The principle of
parsimony assumes that more simpler explanations are better than more complex ones. True
False Which of the following characters can be used to create a phylogenetic tree? a.
Morphological characters b. Aligned DNA sequences c. Aligned protein sequences d.
Behavioral characters e. All of the above (a-d) can be used as phylogenetic characters
Solution
16. All of these (transitional fossils, artificial selection, vestigial organs, and biogeography)
provide evidence for biological evolution
17. Islands, such as Galapagos islands, have a high number of endemic species because they are
physically isolated.
18. Theory of special creation argues that all species are independently created.
FALSE
19. The principle of parsimony believes that simpler explanations are better than the complex
ones.
TRUE
20. \'Morphological characters; aligned DNA sequences; Aligned protein sequences; and
behavioral characters\', all of these can be used asphylogeneticcharacters to create a phylogenetic
tree..
Which of the following is necessary in order for an explanation to b.pdf
Which of the following is necessary in order for an explanation to be adequate? (Points : 1)
It does not agree with other human knowledge.
It provides an overly complex solution.
It is noncircular.
It is contradicted by other instances.Which of the following is necessary in order for an
explanation to be adequate? (Points : 1) It does not agree with other human knowledge.
It provides an overly complex solution.
It is noncircular.
It is contradicted by other instances.
Solution
it is non circular.
When does the centrosome duplicateIn parallel to chromosome segre.pdf
When does the centrosome duplicate?
In parallel to chromosome segregation in mitosis
In parallel with DNA replication in S-phase
In G1
In G2
In an unregulated manner
Solution
When does the centrosome duplicate?
Answer: In parallel with DNA replication in S-phase
The centrosome appears to initiate cell division and Centrosome duplication is controlled by
centriole replication.In centrosome duplication the mother and daughter centriole duplicates
themselves.This process take place during the S-phase, at the same time as when the cell
duplicates its DNA..
What are some differences between public sector and private sector b.pdf
What are some differences between public sector and private sector budgets? Provide examples?
Solution
Public sector refers to government-owned organizations and government-provided services.
Private sector refers to
1) organizations that are not government owned, and
2) the goods and services provided by organizations outside of the government.
For example, companies owned by individuals are part of the private sector. Even the largest
corporation with its common stockpublicly-traded on the New York Stock Exchange is part of
the private sector.
Thanks.
Two days later the patient reports to the infrmary with a severe hea.pdf
Two days later the patient reports to the infrmary with a severe headache, stiff neck, nausea and
a temperature of 103.5 F.
What is your diagnosis at this time? (BE SPECIFIC!) A 19 yo female recruit inthe US Army was
seen in the infirmary with a 3 day history of a \"sore throat\'\', malaise and headache of
progressing severity. On examination her throat was erythematous without the presence of
pustular or vesicular lesions. She had mild cervical lymphadenopathy and her temperature was
101F. No history of medication or other allergies was reported.
Solution
Its streptococcal pharyngitis caused by Group A Streptococci. Erythemarous rash and absence of
pustules or vesicles rules out viral infection..
The “Impartial Spectator” described by Adam Smith isa -An imparti.pdf
The “Impartial Spectator” described by Adam Smith is:
a -An impartial flesh-and-blood third party
b- A representation of the opinion of society at large
c - Our supervisor at our place of employment
d -A supposed impartial spectator who knows all of the relevant facts
What does Adam Smith mean by the “man within the breast”
Our sympathies
Our emotions
Our self-concept
Our conscience
In making moral decisions, it is essential that we be:
Compassionate
Objective
Trusting
Friendly
The “Impartial Spectator”:
a)Listens to our complaints
b)Helps us determine the propriety of the actions of others
c)Helps us determine the propriety of our own actions
d)Speaks on our behalf
Solution
1.
Answer is Option B. Smith said that we humans have tendency to be loved and to acknowledge
that we are loved we need some spectator\'s approval, Impartial Spectator\'s approval.
2. Option D, Self conscious. Smith says that conscious is a representative of a Spectator, distinct
from and impartial to oneself, yet lodged within, internalized as “the man within the breast.”
3.
Option B, objective means that the decision is not influenced by any personal perceptions or
feelings, Decision should be based upon facts and on moral grounds.
4.
Option C.
1. What are some applications of stored procedure2. How triggers .pdf
1. What are some applications of stored procedure?
2. How triggers can help in database security?
Solution
1.The sections of SQL code encapsulated into chunks of named methods which are easily
identifiable and all accessible at one location is called stored procedures
Applications of stored procedures
2.Trigger is a procedure which automatically run by DBMS in response to update to the database.
The positron decay of 15O goes directly to the ground state of 15N; n.pdf
The positron decay of 15O goes directly to the ground state of 15N; no excited states of 15N are
populated and no gamma rays follow the beta decay. Yet a source of 15O is found to emit
gamma rays of about 0.5 MeV. Explain the origin of these gamma rays.
Solution
When a nucleus has too many protons, it tends to positron decay. A positron is an antimatter beta
particle. When a positron meets with an electron it annihilates it! Both particles disappear and
two gamma rays are produced instead.
Electron–positron annihilation
e + e+ +
When a low-energy electron (beta particle) annihilates a low-energy positron (antielectron), they
can only produce two or more gamma ray photons, since the electron and positron do not carry
enough mass-energy to produce heavier particles, and conservation of energy and linear
momentum forbid the creation of only one photon.
When an electron and a positron collide to annihilate and create gamma rays, energy is given off.
Both particles have a rest energy of 0.511 mega electron volts (MeV). When the mass of the two
particles is converted entirely into energy, this rest energy is what is given off. The energy is
given off in the form of the aforementioned gamma rays. Each of the gamma rays has energy of
0.511 MeV.
This the reason why when rays originates in radioactive decay of Oxygen-15 by positron
emission.
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a. What is structure a.... b. Are the contents of structure haploid.pdf
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5. Which of the following is NOT a function of foreign exchange mark.pdf
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Which of the following provide evidence of biological evolution a. .pdf
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What are some differences between public sector and private sector b.pdf
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