Aliens. Do they Exist? We don't know that yet.
What if they do? What if all those funny things in the past history were done by Aliens?
Area 51? what is that
Unidentified flying Objects (UFO) class ix CBSE English (Main Course Book)Ghanashyam Sekhar
This Power point Presentation is based on UFO(unidentified flying objects).
This power point May be helpful for students of class 9th in CBSE schools.
This topic is taken under their Main Course Book , Chapter name- Mystery.
i want to share my knowledge on area 51, which is present in america controlled by us army.sorry if there is any mistakes please send to my mail my mail is "ambatiravi14067@gmail.com" i will rectified for future
Unidentified flying Objects (UFO) class ix CBSE English (Main Course Book)Ghanashyam Sekhar
This Power point Presentation is based on UFO(unidentified flying objects).
This power point May be helpful for students of class 9th in CBSE schools.
This topic is taken under their Main Course Book , Chapter name- Mystery.
i want to share my knowledge on area 51, which is present in america controlled by us army.sorry if there is any mistakes please send to my mail my mail is "ambatiravi14067@gmail.com" i will rectified for future
This is a project debating digital culture and it's influence on the classroom - do you think tablets benefit a students learning? And who are these students anyway - who are we talking about?
Watch to find out more.
A presentation on wired and wireless technologies, it was little hard for me to find out what was necessary for my from slideshare to get , so i made one my own
The Underground Base under Dulce, NM & origins of HIV by Wesley BatemanNorman Imperial
The underground ET research facility in Dulce, NM & the stories of the dealings, talks between the parties involved, both terrestrial & extraterrestrial personnel.
Mythological artifacts become a modern arsenal in a millennia-long interstellar battle.
On one side stands the alien race that secretly styled itself as gods to steer human evolution.
On the other is an elite team of Area 51 commandos, dedicated to freeing humanity from their interstellar overlords.
Man set the buzz on aliens and extra terrestrials going. Centuries after centuries slipped by, but the progress and pace by either of the earthlings or the aliens, has been barely close to a stand off by both.
Now it is time we snapped the suspense, got the fuss undone and the euphoria regarding existence of an alien civilization closed.
It's in the middle of nowhere on the way to nowhere. What is out there? What was found there during the dark days of World War II? What threat to our existence is about to be activated and can it be stopped?
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. Dictionary definition:
Alien means belonging to a different country, race,
or group, one you do not like or frightened of.
In Science fiction, an alien is a
creature from outer space, i.e.
from another Planet
3. •Scientists have tried to prove that they exist but never found any
fullproof facts.
• Whether life exists elsewhere in the universe is one of the oldest
and most tantalizing questions of science. Considering the wide
breadth of the universe and the countless stars it contains, the odds
would seem in favor of the answer being "yes."
4. There are plenty of examples of aliens in
ancient art that clearly depict the fact
that UFOs and extraterrestrial beings
were around in those days. ET's and
flying saucers appear in cave paintings,
tapestries, woodcuts and paintings.
16th Century fresco from a church
shows an ancient astronaut rocketing
across the sky. This was painted
hundreds of years before the concept
of aircraft came about.
5. This 15th century painting of the
Virgin Mary shows a UFO in the
background. A man is pointing up
at it and his dog is barking at the
object.
In Basil, Switzerland, a large number of black
spheres were flying all over the sky. They appeared
to be fighting one another. This battle was witnessed
by hundreds, if not thousands, of people. In
describing this activity, a newspaper article written
by Samuel Coccius said, "Many became fiery and
red, ending by being consumed and vanishing."
6. A Russian archaeologist
discovered an ancient plate in
the mountains of Nepal. It is
known as the Valenov Plate. The
plate has been dated at about a
thousand years old. The material
the plate is made from is a
combination of metal and
ceramic, a process that even
today is not possible. The plate
very clearly shows a flying
saucer and alien being.
Ancient artifacts and structures clearly built by advanced
intelligent beings have been found at archaeological sites around
the world. Many have been carbon dated at millions of years old.
Older thatn the supposed time frame for man's existence on our
planet.
7.
8. Dreamland is the code name for Area 51.
Area 51 is a "secret" military base located
about 90 miles north of Las Vegas, Nevada.
Contained somewhere on the grounds is a large air
base that the U.S. government will not discuss. It is
considered so sensitive that only those who take an
oath of secrecy for life are allowed in. Civilian
contractors and others who work at the base are
flown in every morning aboard unmarked planes with
blacked-out windows. It is said that structures are built
deep into the desert floor, with buildings going down
thirty to forty stories below the surface.
9.
10. The Roswell UFO incident took place in the U.S.
in June or July 1947, when an airborne object
crashed on a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico.
Explanations of what took place are based on
both official and unofficial communications.
Although the crash is attributed to a secret U.S.
military Air Force surveillance balloon by the
U.S. government,[1] the most famous
explanation of what occurred is that the
object was a spacecraft containing
extraterrestrial life. Since the late 1970s, the
Roswell incident has been the subject of much
controversy, and conspiracy theories have
arisen about the event.
The 2011 FBI document
claiming to find "three so-
called flying saucers(1950)
11. UFO sightings, crop circles, and other mysterious
events have many people wondering whether aliens
are watching us and whether they are friendly.
There is a growing fear of alien invasion and attack
and many wonder what they should do if aliens do
arrive on earth.
WHAT IF ALIENS ATTACKS EARTH
12. Just like with any other type of emergency, you will
want to have an emergency kit if an alien invasion
did happen.
You should include enough food and water for
everyone in your household for 3 days. The food
should be non-perishable. You should plan on 1
gallon of water per person per day. So 3 gallon total
per person.
13. •EXTRA CLOTHING
•FIRST AID KIT
•FLASHLIGHTS
•CAN OPENER
•STERNO OR OTHER METHOD OF HEATING
FOOD
•EMERGENCY BLANKETS
•PAPER MAPS OF YOUR AREA
•TENT
Ready America 70280 Grab-'n-
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14. You should sit down with your family and decide
where you will meet in an emergency, how you will
communicate, where your escape routes are, and so
on.
Finding a good place to hide should be your first
goal during an alien invasion.
15. You never know what type of alien you might have
to face.
So gathering lots of different weapons is a good
idea. Knives, bows and arrows, and even sticks are
good.
You can also try to use other unconventional
weapons as well. Fire may work with some aliens.
Water might even work.
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16. There is no way to know how to do
this until you know what kind of
alien you are facing. You will have
to work together with the other
humans to protect each other and
take down the aliens
They will be prepared for large scale attacks,
so small maneuvers are probably the best
defense. Look at the details as well as the big
picture and we humans may have a
chance.
17. Independence Day is a 1996 American science
fiction disaster film about an alien invasion of Earth.
The film stars Will Smith, Bill Pullman, Jeff Goldblum,
Mary McDonnell, Judd Hirsch, Margaret Colin, Randy
Quaid, Robert Loggia, James Rebhorn, Vivica A. Fox,
and Harry Connick, Jr. The narrative focuses on a
disparate group of people who converge in the
Nevada desert and, along with the rest of the
human population, participate in a last-chance
counterattack on July 4, the same date as the
Independence Day holiday in the United States.
18. The film is set in modern day Los Angeles and follows
a retiring Marine Staff Sergeant played by Aaron
Eckhart who must go back into the line of duty to
lead a platoon of U.S. Marines, a U.S. Navy
corpsman, isolated U.S. Army soldiers and a U.S. Air
Force sergeant during a global alien invasion. The
ensemble cast also features Michelle Rodriguez,
Ramon Rodriguez, Bridget Moynahan, Ne-Yo, and
Michael Peña.
Battle: Los Angeles
19. War of the Worlds is a 2005 American epic science
fiction disaster film and a loose adaptation of H. G.
Wells's novel The War of the Worlds, directed by
Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and
David Koepp. It stars Tom Cruise as Ray Ferrier, a
divorced dock worker estranged from his children
(Dakota Fanning and Justin Chatwin) and living
separately from them. As his ex-wife drops their
children off for him to look after for a few days, the
planet is attacked by aliens that come up out of the
ground (loosely based on H. G. Wells' Martians)
driving Tripods and as Earth's armies are defeated,
Ray tries to protect his children and flee to Boston to
rejoin his ex-wife.
War of the Worlds
20. The film was based on Lowell Cunningham's The Men
in Black comic book series, originally published by
Aircel Comics, with a plot following two agents of a
secret organization called Men in Black who
supervise extraterrestrial lifeforms who live on Earth
and hide their existence from ordinary humans.
Men in Black (film)
21. The film is set in the mid-22nd century, when humans
are mining a precious mineral called unobtanium on
Pandora, a lush habitable moon of a gas giant in the
Alpha Centauri star system.[10][11][12] The expansion of
the mining colony threatens the continued existence
of a local tribe of Na'vi – a humanoid species
indigenous to Pandora. The film's title refers to a
genetically engineered Na'vi body with the mind of
a remotely located human, and is used to interact
with the natives of Pandora.
Avatar (2009 film)