Alan Turing was a pioneering computer scientist and mathematician who developed the Turing test in 1950 to determine whether a machine could exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from a human. The Turing test evaluates whether a machine can convince a human evaluator that it is also human through natural language conversations. In 2011, a chatbot named Cleverbot passed a limited version of the Turing test, though debates continue about the capabilities and limitations of artificial intelligence compared to human intelligence.