This document discusses different types of pollution including air, noise, radioactive, and thermal pollution. It provides information on the causes, sources, effects and possible solutions for each type of pollution. For air pollution, key causes mentioned include burning fossil fuels, vehicles, industries, and agriculture. The health hazards of air pollution are more severe for individuals with heart or lung diseases, pregnant women, children and the elderly. Noise pollution sources discussed are transportation, industrial activities, construction sites, and public events. Radioactive pollution can result from nuclear accidents or waste, while thermal pollution degrades water quality by changing its temperature from industrial discharges.

1. Parvathy Mohan
2nd M.Sc. BOTANY
Pollutionshouldnot be the priceof prosperity

2. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is contamination of
the indoor or outdoor environment
by any chemical, physical or
biological agent that modifies the
natural characteristics of the
atmosphere.
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AIR POLLU TI O N

3. CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
Burning of Fossil Fuels
Automobiles
Agricultural Activities
Factories and
Industries
Mining Activities
Domestic Sources
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AIR POLLU TI O N

4. any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the
atmosphere.
AIR POLLUTANTS

5. AIR POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLU TI O N 5
PRIMARY POLLUTANTS
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as gases from evaporating gasoline.
Carbon monoxide (CO), which is an odorless gas that is produced by combustion.
NOx, which includes nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
 Sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is produced through the combustion of coal.
Particulate matter (PM), which are small suspended particles.
Lead, which we used to add to our gasoline.

6. AIR POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLU TI O N 6
SECONDARY POLLUTANTS
The secondary pollutants are not
emitted directly.
The secondary pollutants form when
the primary pollutants react with
themselves or other components of
the atmosphere.
Most important secondary level Air
Pollutants are Ground Level Ozone,
Smog and POPs (Persistent Organic
Pollutants).

7. SOURCES OF AIR
POLLUTANTS
NATURAL SOURCES ANTROPOGENIC SOURCES OTHERS
1. Dust And Soil
2. Sea Spray
3. Volcanic Eruption
4. Biological Activities
5. Lightning
6. Forest Fire
7. Other Oxidations
1. Fuel Combustion
2. Off Road And On
Road Vehicles
3. Fugitive
4. Construction
5. Mining
6. Industrial Sources
Point Sources – highly
localized sources like
power plants.
 Non- Point
/Distributed Sources-
distributed over wide
geographical area. area
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AIR POLLU TI O N

8. This interactive tool provides a snapshot – in the form of a map – of current
national air quality standards for classical pollutants (particulate matter,
nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide) for various
averaging times. (WHO)
Air quality index is the index for reporting air quality
 Color is key for communication
Ranges from 0 to 500 (no units)
Provides indicator of the quality of the air and its health effects
AIR QUALITY
STANDARDS AND INDEX
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AIR POLLU TI O N

9. Simple equation can be used to convert concentration values ( g/m3 )
to AQI values (unitless) 9
AIR POLLU TI O N

10. AQI keeps a tab on 8 major air pollutants in the atmosphere namely,
Particulate Matter (PM10)
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ozone (O3)
Ammonia (NH3)
Lead (Pb)
Few instruments that are used for measuring air quality are:
PCE-RCM 05
PCE-RCM 8
PCE-HFX 100
The computation of the AQI is based on the average air pollutant concentration
over a specified period, which is obtained from an air monitor or model.
PM 2.5 and PM 10 is the most common method of measuring air quality.
The National Air Quality Quality (AQI) India was launched on 17 September
2014 in New Delhi under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. 10

11. 11
AIR POLLU TI O N

12. Equipment for sampling large volumes of
atmospheric air for collecting the contained
particulate matter by filtration.
The particulate matter is defined as finely divided
solids or liquids that may be dispersed through the air
A Size Selective Inlet (SSI) is employed as a pre-filter
to prevent particulate matter above a specific size from
getting collected.
Measuring the volume of air sampled and weighing the
filters before and after sampling determines the
concentration of PM10 particles in the air.
AIR POLLU TI O N 12

13. HUMAN HEALTH HAZARDS
AIR POLLU TI O N 13

14. AIR POLLU TI O N 14
Individuals with heart disease, coronary artery disease or congestive heart
failure
Individuals with lung diseases such as asthma, emphysema or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pregnant women
Outdoor workers
Older adults and the elderly
Children under age 14
Athletes who exercise vigorously outdoors
Those most susceptible to severe health
problems from air pollution are:

15. NOISE POLLU TI O N
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16. NOISE POLLUTION
Types of Noise Pollution : Transport Noise, Neighbourhood
Noise, Industrial Noise
:
NOISE POLLU TI O N 16

18. CAUSES AND SOURCES OF NOISE
POLLUTION
Industrialisation: use of heavy machinery such as generators, mills, huge
exhaust fans are used, resulting in the production of unwanted noise.
Vehicles: Increased number of vehicles on the roads are the second reason
for noise pollution.
Events: Weddings, public gatherings involve loudspeakers to play music
resulting in the production of unwanted noise in the neighbourhood.
Construction sites: Mining, construction of buildings, etc add to the
noise pollution
NOISE POLLU TI O N 18

20. RADIOACTIVE
POLLUTION
The presence or depositions
of radioactive materials in
the atmosphere which emits
hazardous radiation of beta
or alpha particles, gamma
rays etc.
RADIOACT IVE POLLU TI O N 20

21. CAUSES OF RADIOACTIVE
POLLUTION
RADIOACT IVE POLLU TI O N 21
Nuclear accidents from Nuclear Energy Generation
Plants.
Use of nuclear weapon for mass destruction
Use of radioisotopes.
Mining
Spillage of radioactive chemicals.
Tests on radiation
Nuclear waste handling and disposal

22. SOLUTIONS OF
RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
RADIOACT IVE POLLU TI O N 22
Proper disposal of
radioactive waste.
Banning of nuclear
tests
Proper storage
Reusing
Alternative energy
sources
EFFECTS OF RADIOACTIVE
POLLUTION
Gene mutation
Diseases
Soil fertility
Cell destruction
Burns etc.

23. the degradation of water
quality by any process that
changes ambient water
temperature. The rise or fall
in the temperature of a
natural body of water caused
by human influence.
THERMAL POLLU TI O N 23

24. THERMAL POLLUTION
EFFECTS
Decrease in dissolved oxygen.
Increase in toxins
Loss of biodiversity
Increase in metabolic rate
Migration
SOLUTIONS
Cooling ponds
Cooling towers
Artificial lake for disposing
heat effluents
Water recycling
THERMAL POLLU TI O N 24

25. POLL U TI O N 25