1) The document compares the results of modeling carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels in Delhi, India for the year 2002 using the air quality models MUAIR2.0, ISC3, and Caline4. 2) It models CO concentrations for different scenarios: area sources only, selected area sources, point sources only, and combined area and point sources. The highest hourly and annual average CO concentrations from each model run are reported. 3) MUAIR2.0 results showed the highest hourly CO concentration was 271.39 mg/m3 at location (12,500, 6,500), while the highest annual average was 78.83 mg/m3 at the same location,

1. Asian Institute of Technology
Air Pollutant Modelling and Its Application
“Evaluation of CO Concentration Level
in Delhi by Muair2.0, ISC3 & Caline4”
Prepared by:
Miss. Thiri Tin Htut
Mr. Bishal Bhari
Mr. Visal Yoeung
Mr. Pongsakorn Chaichai
May 1, 2014

2. Contents
Introduction
Methodology
Result and Discussion
ConclusionsIV
III
II
I
2

3. Introduction
 A.P.Mod. Plays a vital role in A.P Control and
management
 A.P modelling software are built with different
assumption and computation methods
 Accuracy of the model depends on different
factors
3

4. Objectives
To get acquainted with A.P.Mod1
To model the CO concentration in
Delhi for the year 20022
To compare and analyze the result
from different model3
4

5. Model Used
MUAIR2.01
ISC2
Caline43
Area & Point Source
Area & Point Source
Line Source
5

6. Methodology
6

7. 7

8. About MUAIR2.0
 Developed for the transport project within the ARRPEEC
(AITT)
 Predicts impact of emission from Urban area
 MUAIR is a 2D, multi-box dispersion model
 Uses mathematical formula of Atmospheric Turbulence
and Diffusion Laboratory (ATDL) Model
 Height of the top lid proportional to the vertical dispersion
parameter
 Integral form of the Gaussian plume model and treats an
area source as an infinite array of infinitesimal point
sources
8

9. Basic Features of MUAIR2.0
 Applicable for less reactive pollutant like CO
 Does not consider chemical transformation
 First 5 stability classes
 Uses wind direction in degrees (0-360) and wind
speed in m/s
 Can’t handle calm wind
 Output in mg/m3 or μg/m3
9

10. Case A: For all Area sources
2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
1st highest hourly concentration (m iligram /m 3)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
A v e ra g e h o u rly c o n c e n tra tio n (m ilig ra m /m 3 )
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
20 HH Conc
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 20th April
2002 at the (12500,6500)
domain with the
concentration of 271.39
mg/m3 CO concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc
Highest average annual
concentration of 78.83
mg/m3 occurred at (12500,
6500)
10

11. Case B: For 5 selected/marked
red grid area sources
20 HH Conc
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 12th April
2002 at the (12500,12500)
domain with the
concentration of 134.82
mg/m3 CO concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc
Highest average annual
concentration of 36.56
mg/m3 occurred at (12500,
12500)
2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
A ve ra g e h o u rly co n ce n tra tio n (m ilig ra m /m 3 )2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
5 5
6 0
6 5
7 0
7 5
8 0
8 5
9 0
9 5
1 0 0
1 0 5
1 1 0
1 1 5
1 2 0
1 2 5
1 3 0
1 3 5
1st highest hourly concentration (m iligram /m 3)
11

12. Case C: For Point sources emission
20 HH Conc
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 11th April
2002 at the (14500,9500)
domain with the
concentration of 34.93
mg/m3 CO concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc
Highest average annual
concentration of 10.61
mg/m3 occurred at (14500,
9500)
2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
0
0 .5
1
1 .5
2
2 .5
3
3 .5
4
4 .5
5
5 .5
6
6 .5
7
7 .5
8
8 .5
9
9 .5
1 0
1 0 .5
1 1
A v e ra g e h o u rly c o n c e n tra tio n (m ilig ra m /m 3 )2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1 6
1 8
2 0
2 2
2 4
2 6
2 8
3 0
3 2
3 4
3 6
1 s t h ig h e s t h o u rly c o n c e n tra tio n (m ilig ra m /m 3 )
12

13. Case D: For all 5 marked area sources
and point sources
20 HH Conc
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 12th April
2002 at the (12500,8500)
domain with the
concentration of 144.09
mg/m3 CO concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc
Highest average annual
concentration of 38.55
mg/m3 occurred at (11500,
9500)
2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1 6
1 8
2 0
2 2
2 4
2 6
2 8
3 0
3 2
3 4
3 6
3 8
4 0
A v e ra g e h o u rly c o n c e n tra tio n (m ilig ra m /m 3 )
2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
4 0 0 0
6 0 0 0
8 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 0 0
1 4 0 0 0
1 6 0 0 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
1 s t h ig h e s t h o u rly c o n c e n tra tio n (m ilig ra m /m 3 )
13

14. Summary of all case
A B C D
Hourly 271.39 134.82 34.93 144.09
Annual 78.83 36.56 10.61 38.55
(12500,6500)
(12500,12500)
(14500,9500)
(12500,8500)
(12500,6500)
(12500,12500)
(12500,8500)
(11500,9500)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Concentration(mg/cu.m)
Case A: Area Souce
Case B: Selected Grid Area Source
Case C: Point Source
Case D: Marked Area Source & Point Source
14

15. Monthly Avg. CO Conc. at
the Receptor
• R3 had the highest concentration throughout the year
• R4 was not affected by the point and area sources since it is located far
from the combined source
• R3 and Receptor R5 received the highest concentration of CO for the
month from October to March
15

16. 16

17. About ISC
ISC (Industrial Source Complex) model is a steady-state
Gaussian plume model which can be used to assess pollutant
concentrations from a wide variety of sources associated with
an industrial complex.
This model can account for the following:
 Point, area, line, and volume sources
 Settling and dry deposition of particles
 Downwash
 Separation of point sources
 Limited terrain adjustment
17

18. Input data Requirements
Source data
 Dimensions of the source
 Emission discharge rate
 Release height of the emission source
18
Meteorological data
 Ambient temperature, K
 Wind flow
 Wind speed, m/s
 Atmospheric stability classes (A
through F)
 Urban and rural mixing height, m

19. 20 HH Conc.
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 11th Feb 2002
at the (12000,9000) domain
with the concentration of
37.09 mg/m3 CO
concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc.
Highest average annual
concentration of 11.28
mg/m3 occurred at (12000,
9000)
Case B: For 5 selected/marked
red grid area sources
1st highest for hourly CO concentration
Annual average CO concentration
19

20. 20 HH Conc.
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 1sh Oct 2002
at the (15000,15000) domain
with the concentration of 0.25
mg/m3 CO concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc.
Highest average annual
concentration of 0.0086
mg/m3 occurred at (11000,
11000)
1st highest for hourly CO concentration
Annual average CO concentration
Case C: For Point sources emission 20

21. 20 HH Conc.
Highest concentration for an
hour occurred in 20th May 2002
at the (12000,9000) domain with
the concentration of 37.11
mg/m3 CO concentration.
20 HAAvg Conc.
Highest average annual
concentration of 11.29
mg/m3 occurred at (12000,
9000)
1st highest for hourly CO concentration
Annual average CO concentration
Case D: For all 5 marked area sources
and point sources 21

22. The contribution of each
source type
4.72%
2.97%
92.31%
R3 R4 R5
Receptor
Concentratio
n (mg/m3)
R3 0.39
R4 0.25
R5 7.6
Total 8.26
Contribution of each source type to the annual
average CO at receptor R3,R4 and R5
22

23. Compare the results of
MUAIR and ISC models
Case
MUAIR
1st highest
hourly
(mg/m3)
Coordinate
(X,Y)
1st annual
average
(mg/m3)
Coordinate
(X,Y)
B 134.82 12500,12500 36.56 12500,12500
C 34.93 14500,9500 10.61 14500,9500
D 144.09 12500,8500 38.55 11500,9500
ISC
B 37.09 12000,9000 11.28 12000,9000
C 0.25 15000,15000 0.009 11000,11000
D 37.11 12000,9000 11.29 12000,9000
B C D B C D
1st highest hourly 1st annual average
MUAIR
ISC
** The ISC grids are shifted by a half of grid (500
m) in both X and Y directions in order to
compared with MUAIR results.
23

24. 24

25. Concentration of Area Sources
20 HH Conc.
Highest concentration for
an hour occurred in 20th
May 2002 at the
(12000,9000) domain with
the concentration of 37.09
mg/m3 CO concentration.
1st H annual Conc.
1st Highest concentration for
an annual occurred at the
(12000,9000) domain with
the concentration of 7.52
mg/m3 CO concentration.
Concentration of Point Sources
20 HH Conc.
Highest concentration for
an hour occurred in 1st Oct
2002 at the (15000,15000)
domain with the
concentration of 0.25
mg/m3 CO concentration.
1st H annual Conc.
1st Highest concentration for
an annual occurred at the
(11000,11000) domain with
the concentration of 0.0087
mg/m3 CO concentration.
25

26. Concentration of Combined Sources
20 HH Conc.
Highest concentration for
an hour occurred in 20th
May 2002 at the
(12000,9000) domain with
the concentration of 37.11
mg/m3 CO concentration.
1st H annual Conc.
1st Highest concentration for
an annual occurred at the
(12000,9000) domain with
the concentration of 7.53
mg/m3 CO concentration.
Comparison the first HH and HA Conc of ISC
Part 1 and Part 2
Case
ISC PART 1
1st highest
hourly
(mg/m3)
Coordinate
(X,Y)
1st highest
annual
(mg/m3)
Coordinate
(X,Y)
Area 37.09 12000,9000 11.28 12000,9000
Point 0.25 15000,15000 0.01 11000,11000
Combined 37.11 12000,9000 11.29 12000,9000
ISC PART 2
Area 37.09 12000,9000 7.52 12000,9000
Point 0.25 15000,15000 0.01 11000,11000
Combined 37.11 12000,9000 7.53 12000,9000
In Part 2, the emission
from the area sources
were reduced by 50%
during daytime (6:00am
to 6:00pm) which
effected in the ISC
model running result that
the Part 2 is lower
concentration than Part
1 in area source and
combined source in
26

27. Comparison annual Avg CO Conc at
receptor R3, R4 and R5
Case Concentration ((µg/m3)
R3 R4 R5
Area 242.27338 150.96539 5051.03174
Point 4.53533 5.25978 4.99416
Combined 246.80685 156.22371 5055.95752
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Area Point Combined
µg/m3
Receptor 3 Receptor 4 Receptor 5
27

28. 28

29. About Caline4
 Caline4 model is the 4 generation simple line source Gaussian plume
dispersion model.
 Predicts the conc. CO, NO2, and PM10/ PM2.5 near roadways
(highway, arterial streets) for relatively uncomplicated terrains.
 Handle up to 20 link and 20 receptors but the model cannot predict
concentration within 3 meters from lane edge
 The important input parameters required
 Classified traffic volume (number of vehicles per hour),
 Meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction,
ambient temperature, mixing height and stability class)
 Emission parameters (weighted emission factor, WEF), road
geometry (road width, median width, road elevation),
 Type of terrain (rural or urban), background CO
concentration (ppm or µg/m3) at pre-identified receptor
locations along the road corridors.
29

30. Estimate the line source contribution to the receptor
R1- R6 with the Standard, Worst case, Multi-run, and
Multi-run-worst case
 Period: 6 am of Jan 18th
2002
 Wind speed: 1.2 m/s
 Wind direction: the
majority of wind comes
from the East
 The road is divided into
12 sections
 6 receptors are placed
to measure the CO
Conc.
30

31. Estimate the line source contribution to the receptor
R1- R6 with the Standard, Worst case, Multi-run, and
Multi-run-worst case
Cases
Predicted concentration (ppm)
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
Standard 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0
Worst Case 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7
 Standard run: highest
CO is 0.7 ppm at R1
 Worst Case run: max
CO is 1.1 ppm at R1
 Multi run: highest avg
co in 8 hr is 0.27 ppm
 Multi run worst: Max
avg Co in 8 is 0.73
ppm
31

32. Estimate the relative contribution from each of
3 types of sources at R5
82.46
17.12
0.42
0
20
40
60
80
100
Area Line Point
Percentage(%)
32

33. Estimate the line source contribution to the
new receptors
 Period: 24 hour of Jan 18
 Max Wind speed: 1.2 m/s
 Wind direction: the
majority of wind comes
from the South
 The road is divided into 12
sections
 20 receptors are placed to
predict the CO Conc.
33

34. Estimate the line source contribution to the
new receptors By Worst Case Run
Worst Case:
 The hourly max of CO is 4.6
ppm at the receptor R1
 Beyond 1km, there has no max
of CO > 34.2 ppm (std)
34

35. Multi run Worst Case:
 The average max of every
8hrs CO conc = 2.77 ppm at
R1
 1km, the max of CO conc <
10.4 ppm (std) in every8hr
Estimate the line source contribution to the
new receptors By Multi Run Worst Case 35

36. Conclusion 36
 The Concentrations of CO obtained from Muair2.0 are significantly
higher than ISC for all cases. The reasons of the different
concentration results produced by the both model are:
 MUAIR considers point source as area source while ISC can
handle both sources.
 MUAIR uses only first 5 stability classes for calculation while stability
classes 6 and 7 are treated as class 5 in the calculation
 ISC model can handle the multiple source types in the domain =>
produce the result more accurate than Muair.
 For line source, Caline4 can predict the concentration at each
receptor location, resulting the different concentration levels at
each receptor. All the concentrations predicted by worst case and
Multi run worst case are higher than standard run and Multi run since
the both worse case and multi run produce the maximum
concentration at each receptor.
 At receptor R1 was found highest concentration comparing to other
receptors due its location close to the road.

37. Thanks For Your
Attention
37