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Occupational health
hazards
PRESENTED BY ;SANDIP KARANJKAR
FINAL BDS GDC,MUMBAI
As in any other working environment, dental practice can
be associated with harmful effects to dentists, referred to
as occupational hazards. These hazards vary from mild and
easily or self curable, as influenza and mental fatigue, to
more serious and incurable as AIDS .
DEFINITION:
According to WHO
“The promotion and maintenance of
the highest degree of physical,
mental and social well-being of
workers in all occupations – total
health of all at work”
HAZARD
-
any source of potential damage, harm or
adverse health effects on something or
someone under certain conditions at work.
Potential sources for occupational hazards
to dentists
 -Working for long periods of time in physiologically
improper positions.
 Contact with patients.
 Contact with certain chemicals and materials used
in dental practice.
 Contact with X-ray.
 dental equipments and accessories produce sound
noise at different sound levels.
 Dealing with different personalities.
Golden role
“All patients should be treated as if they are infectious and routine
cross-infection control is necessary when dealing with everypatient”.
Universal cross Infection Control routines :
Sterilization; Barriers; Chemical Disinfectants ; Disposable of Wastes
Barriers:
barriers mean gloves; masks; goggles; protective clothing. These
serve as protective barriers against the transmission of diseases.
Gloves are disposed of after each patient.
Personal protective equipments
 Medicalgloves(different types)
 Eye wears
 Masks
 Protective clothing(medical and
lead aprons)
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS
Physical Hazards
Chemical Hazards
Biological Hazards
Mechanical Hazards
Psychosocial Hazards
PHYSICAL FACTORS
 HEAT
 COLD
 LIGHT
 NOISE
 VIBRATION
 RADIATION
HEAT
causes heat
stroke,cramps,burns,
increased
fatigue,decreased
efficiency
:
COLD :
frost bite,immersion
foot,cutaneous
vasoconstricion,erythroc
yanosis & hypothermia
LIGHT:
Poor illumination leads to eye strain,
headache,congesion around cornea &
minor’s nystagmus.
Excessive brightness leads to blurring of
vision & visual fatigue.
NOISE:
Auditory effects:
Temporary or permanent hearing loss.
Non-auditory effects:
Nervousness , fatigue & decreased efficiency
of the worker.
VIBRATION:
Causes white
fingers(spasm of fine
blood vessels of the
hand),injuries of joints.
RADIATION:
UV radiation exposure causes
welder’s flash(intense
keratoconjuctivitis),eye pain and
lachrymation.
Ionising radiation causes skin
cancers , genetic changes and
sterility .
Protection from radiation hazards
principles and means of radiation protection should be
applied and used during radiation exposure.
- Dentist should not hold the film in patient’s mouth.
-Dentist should avoid direct exposure to X-ray beam.
- proper position of the dentist in relation to either the
X-ray machine or the patients should be strictly applied.
-Regular checking of leakage from X-ray machine should
always be performed.
- Radiation monitoring.
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
 Machines and moving
parts leads to accidents
in the industries.
 Sometimes due to own
careless.
PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS
Stress , aggressiveness , lack of
job satisfaction , insecurity ,
poor human relations
undermines both physical and
mental health of the
workers,emotional
Tension,frustation
 The health effects cause due to
psychosocial hazards are:
 Psychological and behavioural changes
 Psychosomatic ill health
 Psychological and behavioural changes:
 It includes:
 Hostility
 Anxiety
 Depression
 Tiredness
 Aggressivness
 Drug abuse
 Psychosomatic ill health:
 It includes:
 Fatigue
 Pain in shoulder
 Prone to peptic ulcer
 Hypertension
 Heart disease
 Rapid aging
MANAGEMENT
-Stress management :deep breathing exercises;
progressive effective relaxation of areas of the
body; listening to audiotapes of oral instructions
on how to relax; meditation; information on the
topics of practice and business management,
time management, communication.
-Physical exercise, such as regular walking or
working out.

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Sandip Karanjkar

  • 1. Occupational health hazards PRESENTED BY ;SANDIP KARANJKAR FINAL BDS GDC,MUMBAI
  • 2. As in any other working environment, dental practice can be associated with harmful effects to dentists, referred to as occupational hazards. These hazards vary from mild and easily or self curable, as influenza and mental fatigue, to more serious and incurable as AIDS .
  • 3. DEFINITION: According to WHO “The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations – total health of all at work”
  • 4. HAZARD - any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
  • 5. Potential sources for occupational hazards to dentists  -Working for long periods of time in physiologically improper positions.  Contact with patients.  Contact with certain chemicals and materials used in dental practice.  Contact with X-ray.  dental equipments and accessories produce sound noise at different sound levels.  Dealing with different personalities.
  • 6. Golden role “All patients should be treated as if they are infectious and routine cross-infection control is necessary when dealing with everypatient”. Universal cross Infection Control routines : Sterilization; Barriers; Chemical Disinfectants ; Disposable of Wastes Barriers: barriers mean gloves; masks; goggles; protective clothing. These serve as protective barriers against the transmission of diseases. Gloves are disposed of after each patient.
  • 7. Personal protective equipments  Medicalgloves(different types)  Eye wears  Masks  Protective clothing(medical and lead aprons)
  • 8. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards Mechanical Hazards Psychosocial Hazards
  • 9. PHYSICAL FACTORS  HEAT  COLD  LIGHT  NOISE  VIBRATION  RADIATION
  • 12. LIGHT: Poor illumination leads to eye strain, headache,congesion around cornea & minor’s nystagmus. Excessive brightness leads to blurring of vision & visual fatigue.
  • 13. NOISE: Auditory effects: Temporary or permanent hearing loss. Non-auditory effects: Nervousness , fatigue & decreased efficiency of the worker.
  • 14. VIBRATION: Causes white fingers(spasm of fine blood vessels of the hand),injuries of joints.
  • 15. RADIATION: UV radiation exposure causes welder’s flash(intense keratoconjuctivitis),eye pain and lachrymation. Ionising radiation causes skin cancers , genetic changes and sterility .
  • 16. Protection from radiation hazards principles and means of radiation protection should be applied and used during radiation exposure. - Dentist should not hold the film in patient’s mouth. -Dentist should avoid direct exposure to X-ray beam. - proper position of the dentist in relation to either the X-ray machine or the patients should be strictly applied. -Regular checking of leakage from X-ray machine should always be performed. - Radiation monitoring.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. MECHANICAL HAZARDS  Machines and moving parts leads to accidents in the industries.  Sometimes due to own careless.
  • 20. PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS Stress , aggressiveness , lack of job satisfaction , insecurity , poor human relations undermines both physical and mental health of the workers,emotional Tension,frustation
  • 21.  The health effects cause due to psychosocial hazards are:  Psychological and behavioural changes  Psychosomatic ill health
  • 22.  Psychological and behavioural changes:  It includes:  Hostility  Anxiety  Depression  Tiredness  Aggressivness  Drug abuse
  • 23.  Psychosomatic ill health:  It includes:  Fatigue  Pain in shoulder  Prone to peptic ulcer  Hypertension  Heart disease  Rapid aging
  • 24. MANAGEMENT -Stress management :deep breathing exercises; progressive effective relaxation of areas of the body; listening to audiotapes of oral instructions on how to relax; meditation; information on the topics of practice and business management, time management, communication. -Physical exercise, such as regular walking or working out.