AIISC Public Health, Epidemiology, Addictions x Social Media & AI
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http://wiki.aiisc.ai/index.php/EDrugTrends http://wiki.aiisc.ai/index.php/Public_Health_Addictions_Research_at_AIISC With the increasing legalization of medical and recreational use of substances, more research is needed to understand the association between mental health and user behavior related to drug consumption. Specifically, drug overdose and substance use-related mental health issues have become two major topics that have been widely discussed on social media platforms. Big social media data has the potential to provide deeper insights about these associations to public health analysts for making policy decisions. Multiple national population surveys have found that about half of those who experience a mental health illness during their lives will also experience a substance use disorder and vice versa. The communications related to addiction and mental health are complex to process and understand given their language and contextual characteristics. Surface-level data analysis alone is not sufficient to understand the complex nature of relationships among the addiction and mental health context. Moreover, dark web vendors have been using social media as a new marketplace for drugs. Social media users also discuss the novel drugs emerging in dark web marketplaces and associated side effects/health conditions. ....
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Public Health, Epidemiology, Addiction X Social Media & AI
Public Health, Epidemiology, Addiction X Social Media & AIArtificial Intelligence Institute at UofSC
Review of Addiction related interdisciplinary and translational research at the AI Institute, focusing on using AI techniques on a broad variety of social media data for analysis and insights.3.5 - Discussion ARFF Personnel SafetyOnce again, we are .docx
3.5 - Discussion: ARFF Personnel Safety
Once again, we are using Las Vegas International (LAS) as our airport for this assignment….
Based on the airport/airfield you toured/researched, (LAS) elaborate on Airport Rescue Firefighter safety. Consider: What is the Airport Index for the airport you researched? What Personal Protective Clothing is required and why? How do they deal with Personnel Accountability in an emergency response? How do they deal with Stress Management? What else should be considered with regards to ARFF safety? Your essay should be at least 500 words not to include your references.
Running head: PROPOSAL 3 1
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3 7
Developing A Research Proposal 3
Research proposal
Introduction
Research bases its success on the appropriate use of research tools to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting the research question. Existing literature is used to back these variables as well as assist in the development of queries and indexes that help answer the research question better. Additionally, appropriate sampling designs are necessary for conducting an accurate survey on the subjects in a discussion. This paper focuses on the establishment of these essential tools in the research on drug trafficking.
Variables Measured In the Research
Age
The intensity of an individual’s involvement in drug trafficking varies with age. According to research by Traughber, the median age of drug trafficking arrests is twenty-six years (2007). That number is lower when it comes to arrests based on drug consumption, which is a median of twenty-two years. This data suggests that the youth are actively involved in the drug business. However, data analyzed solely from arrests is insufficient to conclude that young people are the drivers of the drug business. Is it possible that the older dealers are just more vigilant than their rookie counterparts?
Race
A person’s race is a significant determinant in the kind of drugs they deal with. Capistrán points out that most white people traffic marijuana in countries where the drug is illegal, while blacks are mostly attracted to cocaine (2019). In terms of involvement, whites have the most cartels due to their exposure in the drug world and their access to better resources. It is, therefore, justifiable to say that race is a variable.
Financial Strength of Participants
The financial ability of drug traffickers is essential in discerning their degree of entanglement in the illegal business. Individuals with more financial might are likely to be higher up the chain, trafficking copious amounts of drugs to different destinations. These individuals are also expected to dominate the market, controlling the price of the drugs they deal with. What is the likelihood that it is these individ ...
STA 544Homework 1Work on the following problem set and show yo.docx
STA 544
Homework 1
Work on the following problem set and show your works within the document. Use SPSS as much as possible.
Chapter 1
1. What types of activities other than “calculations” and “math” are associated with the practice of statistics?
2. Define the term measurement.
3. List the three main measurement scales addressed in this chapter.
4. What type of measurement assigns a name to each observation?
5. What type of measurement is based on categories that can be put in rank order?
6. What type of measurement assigns a numerical value that permits for meaningful mathematical operations for each observation?
7. What does GIGO stand for?
8. Provide synonyms for categorical data.
9. Provide synonyms for quantitative data.
10. What is the difference between imprecision and bias
11. How is imprecision quantified?
Chapter 2
1. Controlled-release morphine in patients with chronic cancer pain. Warfield reviewed 10 studies comparing the effectiveness of controlled-release and immediate-release morphine in cancer patients with chronic pain. The studies that were reviewed were double blinded. How would you double blind such studies?
2. What is the general goal of a statistical survey?
3. What is the general goal of a comparative statistical study?
4. What is the key distinction between experimental studies and observational studies?
5. Campus survey. A researcher conducts a survey to learn about the sexual behavior of college students on a particular campus. A list of the undergraduates at the university is used to select participants. The investigator sends out 500 surveys but only 136 are returned.
a. Consider how the low response rate could bias the results of this study.
b. Speculate on potential limitations in the quality of information the researcher will receive on questionnaires that are returned.
6. A study seeks to determine the effect of postmenopausal hormone use on mortality. What is the explanatory variable in this study? What is the response variable?
7. MRFIT. The MRFIT study discussed in an earlier illustrative example studied 12,866 high-risk men between 35 and 57 years of age. Approximately half the study subjects were randomly assigned to a special care group; the other half received their usual source of care. Death from coronary disease was monitored over the next seven or so years. Outline this study’s design in schematic form.
8. Five-City Project. The Stanford Five-City Project is a comprehensive community health education study of five moderately sized Northern California towns. Multiple-risk factor intervention strategies were randomly applied to two of the communities. The other three cities served as controls. Outline the design of this study in schematic form.
By applying factors in combination, experiments can study more than one factor at a time.
paper
by Xx xx
Submission date: 16-Mar-2020 03:51AM (UTC-0400)
Submission ID: 1276359854
File name: internationaldrugtrafficking1.docx (24.71K)
Wo.
Running head DRUG TRAFFICKING 1DRUG TRAFFICKING 2.docx
Running head: DRUG TRAFFICKING 1
DRUG TRAFFICKING 2
Drug trafficking
Name
Institution
Professor
Course
Date
Lancaster, K., Hughes, C., & Ritter, A. (2017). ‘Drug dogs unleashed’: An historical and political account of drug detection dogs for street-level policing of illicit drugs in New South Wales, Australia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 50(3), 360-378.
The article shows the historical account which is related to the development of drug detection using dogs. Dogs were used to detect illicit drugs, and it has become one of the strategies which are used to combat drug trafficking. In political and historical context policies have been developed in addressing the issue of drug trafficking. Use of dogs is one of the strategies which is used to detect drug trafficking, and they play important roles. Drug policies help in reducing the incidences of drug trafficking and other associated impacts.
Fukumi, S. (2016). Cocaine trafficking in Latin America: EU and US policy responses. Routledge.
The article explains the role of women in drug trafficking in the USA. Most of the illicit drugs are transported by women. Historically, drug trafficking was linked to men, but nowadays women have taken a big role n distributed of the illicit drugs. The domineering role of the males made them be linked to the drugs and those who provided. Little attention was given to the role of women in drug trafficking as they were viewed as powerlessness who cannot involve in such matters. Illicit drugs such as cocaine and Heroin are smuggled by women as they are less suspected to be carrying illicit drugs.
Bagley, B. M., & Rosen, J. D. (2015). Drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in the Americas today. University Press of Florida.
The article explains how the United States has become a consumer of illicit drugs despite efforts which have been made to combat it. Drug trafficking has become a global problem with many countries consuming illicit drugs. Policies have been implemented to control drug trafficking and reduce crimes which are related to it. Some of these policies regulate on how the victims of drug trafficking should be charged. Violence and organized crime are also linked to drug trafficking.
Broséus, J., Rhumorbarbe, D., Mireault, C., Ouellette, V., Crispino, F., & Décary-Hétu, D. (2016). Studying illicit drug trafficking on Darknet markets: structure and organization from a Canadian perspective. Forensic science international, 264, 7-14.
The article investigates Darknet markets which are used as a center for illicit drug trafficking. Online platforms are used to provide a market for illicit drugs. Technological techniques are used to ensure that the drugs reach to the buyer. Most of the illicit drug trafficking are distributed through online market until they reach the destination countries. Vendors are diversified and continue to replicate marketplaces to provide a wide range of market and come across.
Social media research project final
Research project tracking mentions of OxyContin and Adderall on social media portals to explore what role SM might play in their illicit use.
Recommended
Public Health, Epidemiology, Addiction X Social Media & AI
Public Health, Epidemiology, Addiction X Social Media & AIArtificial Intelligence Institute at UofSC
Review of Addiction related interdisciplinary and translational research at the AI Institute, focusing on using AI techniques on a broad variety of social media data for analysis and insights.3.5 - Discussion ARFF Personnel SafetyOnce again, we are .docx
3.5 - Discussion: ARFF Personnel Safety
Once again, we are using Las Vegas International (LAS) as our airport for this assignment….
Based on the airport/airfield you toured/researched, (LAS) elaborate on Airport Rescue Firefighter safety. Consider: What is the Airport Index for the airport you researched? What Personal Protective Clothing is required and why? How do they deal with Personnel Accountability in an emergency response? How do they deal with Stress Management? What else should be considered with regards to ARFF safety? Your essay should be at least 500 words not to include your references.
Running head: PROPOSAL 3 1
DEVELOPING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3 7
Developing A Research Proposal 3
Research proposal
Introduction
Research bases its success on the appropriate use of research tools to comprehensively analyze the factors affecting the research question. Existing literature is used to back these variables as well as assist in the development of queries and indexes that help answer the research question better. Additionally, appropriate sampling designs are necessary for conducting an accurate survey on the subjects in a discussion. This paper focuses on the establishment of these essential tools in the research on drug trafficking.
Variables Measured In the Research
Age
The intensity of an individual’s involvement in drug trafficking varies with age. According to research by Traughber, the median age of drug trafficking arrests is twenty-six years (2007). That number is lower when it comes to arrests based on drug consumption, which is a median of twenty-two years. This data suggests that the youth are actively involved in the drug business. However, data analyzed solely from arrests is insufficient to conclude that young people are the drivers of the drug business. Is it possible that the older dealers are just more vigilant than their rookie counterparts?
Race
A person’s race is a significant determinant in the kind of drugs they deal with. Capistrán points out that most white people traffic marijuana in countries where the drug is illegal, while blacks are mostly attracted to cocaine (2019). In terms of involvement, whites have the most cartels due to their exposure in the drug world and their access to better resources. It is, therefore, justifiable to say that race is a variable.
Financial Strength of Participants
The financial ability of drug traffickers is essential in discerning their degree of entanglement in the illegal business. Individuals with more financial might are likely to be higher up the chain, trafficking copious amounts of drugs to different destinations. These individuals are also expected to dominate the market, controlling the price of the drugs they deal with. What is the likelihood that it is these individ ...
STA 544Homework 1Work on the following problem set and show yo.docx
STA 544
Homework 1
Work on the following problem set and show your works within the document. Use SPSS as much as possible.
Chapter 1
1. What types of activities other than “calculations” and “math” are associated with the practice of statistics?
2. Define the term measurement.
3. List the three main measurement scales addressed in this chapter.
4. What type of measurement assigns a name to each observation?
5. What type of measurement is based on categories that can be put in rank order?
6. What type of measurement assigns a numerical value that permits for meaningful mathematical operations for each observation?
7. What does GIGO stand for?
8. Provide synonyms for categorical data.
9. Provide synonyms for quantitative data.
10. What is the difference between imprecision and bias
11. How is imprecision quantified?
Chapter 2
1. Controlled-release morphine in patients with chronic cancer pain. Warfield reviewed 10 studies comparing the effectiveness of controlled-release and immediate-release morphine in cancer patients with chronic pain. The studies that were reviewed were double blinded. How would you double blind such studies?
2. What is the general goal of a statistical survey?
3. What is the general goal of a comparative statistical study?
4. What is the key distinction between experimental studies and observational studies?
5. Campus survey. A researcher conducts a survey to learn about the sexual behavior of college students on a particular campus. A list of the undergraduates at the university is used to select participants. The investigator sends out 500 surveys but only 136 are returned.
a. Consider how the low response rate could bias the results of this study.
b. Speculate on potential limitations in the quality of information the researcher will receive on questionnaires that are returned.
6. A study seeks to determine the effect of postmenopausal hormone use on mortality. What is the explanatory variable in this study? What is the response variable?
7. MRFIT. The MRFIT study discussed in an earlier illustrative example studied 12,866 high-risk men between 35 and 57 years of age. Approximately half the study subjects were randomly assigned to a special care group; the other half received their usual source of care. Death from coronary disease was monitored over the next seven or so years. Outline this study’s design in schematic form.
8. Five-City Project. The Stanford Five-City Project is a comprehensive community health education study of five moderately sized Northern California towns. Multiple-risk factor intervention strategies were randomly applied to two of the communities. The other three cities served as controls. Outline the design of this study in schematic form.
By applying factors in combination, experiments can study more than one factor at a time.
paper
by Xx xx
Submission date: 16-Mar-2020 03:51AM (UTC-0400)
Submission ID: 1276359854
File name: internationaldrugtrafficking1.docx (24.71K)
Wo.
Running head DRUG TRAFFICKING 1DRUG TRAFFICKING 2.docx
Running head: DRUG TRAFFICKING 1
DRUG TRAFFICKING 2
Drug trafficking
Name
Institution
Professor
Course
Date
Lancaster, K., Hughes, C., & Ritter, A. (2017). ‘Drug dogs unleashed’: An historical and political account of drug detection dogs for street-level policing of illicit drugs in New South Wales, Australia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 50(3), 360-378.
The article shows the historical account which is related to the development of drug detection using dogs. Dogs were used to detect illicit drugs, and it has become one of the strategies which are used to combat drug trafficking. In political and historical context policies have been developed in addressing the issue of drug trafficking. Use of dogs is one of the strategies which is used to detect drug trafficking, and they play important roles. Drug policies help in reducing the incidences of drug trafficking and other associated impacts.
Fukumi, S. (2016). Cocaine trafficking in Latin America: EU and US policy responses. Routledge.
The article explains the role of women in drug trafficking in the USA. Most of the illicit drugs are transported by women. Historically, drug trafficking was linked to men, but nowadays women have taken a big role n distributed of the illicit drugs. The domineering role of the males made them be linked to the drugs and those who provided. Little attention was given to the role of women in drug trafficking as they were viewed as powerlessness who cannot involve in such matters. Illicit drugs such as cocaine and Heroin are smuggled by women as they are less suspected to be carrying illicit drugs.
Bagley, B. M., & Rosen, J. D. (2015). Drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in the Americas today. University Press of Florida.
The article explains how the United States has become a consumer of illicit drugs despite efforts which have been made to combat it. Drug trafficking has become a global problem with many countries consuming illicit drugs. Policies have been implemented to control drug trafficking and reduce crimes which are related to it. Some of these policies regulate on how the victims of drug trafficking should be charged. Violence and organized crime are also linked to drug trafficking.
Broséus, J., Rhumorbarbe, D., Mireault, C., Ouellette, V., Crispino, F., & Décary-Hétu, D. (2016). Studying illicit drug trafficking on Darknet markets: structure and organization from a Canadian perspective. Forensic science international, 264, 7-14.
The article investigates Darknet markets which are used as a center for illicit drug trafficking. Online platforms are used to provide a market for illicit drugs. Technological techniques are used to ensure that the drugs reach to the buyer. Most of the illicit drug trafficking are distributed through online market until they reach the destination countries. Vendors are diversified and continue to replicate marketplaces to provide a wide range of market and come across.
Social media research project final
Research project tracking mentions of OxyContin and Adderall on social media portals to explore what role SM might play in their illicit use.
MONITORING FUTURENATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS ON DRUG U.docx
MONITORING
FUTURE
NATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS
ON DRUG USE
1975–2016
2016
Overview
the
Sponsored by The National Institute on Drug Abuse at The National Institutes of Health
Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Lloyd D. Johnston
Patrick M. O’Malley
Richard A. Miech
Jerald G. Bachman
John E. Schulenberg
MONITORING THE FUTURE
NATIONAL SURVEY
RESULTS ON
DRUG USE
2016 Overview
Key Findings on Adolescent
Drug Use
by
Lloyd D. Johnston, Ph.D.
Patrick M. O’Malley, Ph.D.
Richard A. Miech, Ph.D.
Jerald G. Bachman, Ph.D.
John E. Schulenberg, Ph.D.
The University of Michigan
Institute for Social Research
Sponsored by:
The National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institutes of Health
This publication was written by the principal
investigators and staff of the Monitoring the Future
project at the Institute for Social Research, the
University of Michigan, under Research Grant R01 DA
001411 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the views
of the sponsor.
Public Domain Notice
All material appearing in this volume is in the public
domain and may be reproduced or copied, whether in
print or non-print media including derivatives, without
permission from the authors. If you plan to modify the
material, please contact the Monitoring the Future
Project at [email protected] for verification of
accuracy. Citation of the source is appreciated,
including at least the following: Monitoring the Future,
Institute for Social Research, The University of
Michigan.
Recommended Citation
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Miech, R. A.,
Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2017). Monitoring
the Future national survey results on drug use,
1975-2016: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug
use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The
University of Michigan.
Institute for Social Research
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Printed January 2017
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Contents
Click on any item below (in blue) to go directly to that page.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................1
Study Design and Methods ........................................................................................................3
Summary of Key Findings .........................................................................................................5
Specific Results by Drug
Any Illicit Drug ............................................................................................................9
Marijuana ...................................................................................................................11
Synthetic Marijuana .......................................................... ...
Annotated Bibliography.A very heated discussion on whether to sa.docx
Annotated Bibliography.
A very heated discussion on whether to sanction cannabis has been going on in the U.S for quite a long time now; the arrangement will not be accomplished except if the bodies mindful arrive at an accord on the drug's social, health, and financial advantages. Marijuana is expended and got as medication from the cannabis plant. It is likewise an exceptional medication and should to be used as a restorative and recreational medication in North America. There have been a few attempts to legalize cannabis in various states, yet the procedure has been met with numerous moves neglecting to pass the arrangements into law. When fittingly utilized, cannabis has demonstrated to have progressively constructive outcomes on individuals. It helps individuals with ceaseless infection; it stops malignant growth cells and diminishes depression to patients with uneasiness; along these lines, marijuana ought to be legalized.
The following articles provide an insight on the issues of marijuana legalization and the challenges faced when advocating for these issues.
Hoover, D (2017, September 7th). 4 Reasons why legalizing Marijuana could be the solution to America’s Problems. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/4-reasons-why-legalizing-_b_11870030
In this article, Hoover, D talks about the four significant reasons why the legalization of marijuana could be the solution to America’s problems. The author of this article centers arguments on the benefits of marijuana on health, economy, and general happiness. Some of the reasons the author feels would lead to the legalization of marijuana include; the first reason is that Cannabis is medicine- the fact that 23 states in the U.S have legalized marijuana; many physicians still do not have the slightest idea on how to prescribe it. The second reason the author talks about is the contribution of marijuana to the economy-according to the article, cannabis can be a steady source of income to the economy when putting to proper use. The third reason the author talks about is that legalizing cannabis could lead to the collapse of the international drug trade-this is supported in the study conducted in 2012 by the Mexican Competitiveness Institute, the study suggested that legalizing cannabis would make cartels run out of business. The final reason discussed in this article is the general happiness of individuals-it is suggested that legalizing marijuana would lead to low depression rates in the U.S and help reduce the rates of suicide.
Ruggiero, V. R. (2012). Thinking critically about ethical issues (8th ed.). New York: Mc-Graw Hill.
Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues welcomes readers to apply moral standards to issues that represent the kinds of moral difficulties experienced in regular day to day life. It gives a review of the requirement for morals and afterward centers around systems for compelling basic leadership. Ruggiero underlines doing ethical examination instead of contrasti ...
Illegal Drug Problem in the City of Ormoc As Perceived By User and Non-User R...
The study was conducted primarily to: describe the socio-demographic characteristics of user and non-user respondents; determine the reasons for engaging in illegal drugs among user respondents; document local and national ordinances enacted against illegal drug users; and identify the programs implemented by government and non-government organizations to make the City of Ormoc a drug-free community. The results of the study revealed that the mean age of the illegal drug users was 22 years old. Majority of them were males whose income fell below P10,000.00 in the form of allowance. They were aware of the illegality of the drugs used. Marijuana was the dominant drug abused. Influence of Peers and Curiosity were the topmost reasons why they got into drugs due to misinformation and assurance from friends who claim to have enjoyed the experience as perceived by the respondents. Among the National and Local Ordinances enacted against illegal drugs users in the City of Ormoc were: the implementation of RA 9165 – Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002; LOI 36/97: ALPHA BANAT (Barangay Against Narcotics Abusers and Traffickers) and Information dissemination of the ill effects of drugs through the Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Counsel (BADAC).
Drugs and Crime5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapt.docx
Drugs and Crime
5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapter,
you should have an
understanding of
● The relationship between
drug use and crime
● The structure of the illicit drug
trade
● Production and trafficking of
heroin
● Production and trafficking of
cocaine
● Production and trafficking of
marijuana
● Production and trafficking of
methamphetamine
● Production and trafficking of
hallucinogens
● Drug-related crime and
gangs
● Common methods of money
laundering
In the last couple of years we have found a large number
of marijuana plots in the Chattahoochee National Forest.
Growers are planting their marijuana in this area to escape
forfeiture laws. So I came up with this idea that I never
thought would work but I figured was worth a try. I typed a
letter and left it at one of the larger plots we found in the
national forest. The letter said, “You have been caught by
the Lumpkin County Sheriff’s Office. We have had you
under constant surveillance. If you do not turn yourself in
by calling the following number, your penalties for growing
marijuana will be doubled.”
I couldn’t believe it, but it actually worked. I had one
grower call me and turn himself in. He claimed that he was
only growing marijuana for personal use. I didn’t even
have to pick him up. He drove to the sheriff’s office and
turned himself in. Incredible but true!
—A sheriff’s deputy from Lumpkin County, Georgia
M05_LEVI0484_03_SE_C05.qxd 11/24/10 3:46 PM Page 87
Drugs, Society and Criminal Justice, 3E by Ken Charles F. Levinthal.
Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education.
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Y
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T
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O
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Y
I
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A
A
C
3
7
2
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U
drug-defined offense: Violation of laws that prohibit
the possession, use, distribution, and manufacture of
illegal drugs.
88 ■ Part One Drugs and Society: The Criminal Justice Perspective
For law-enforcement officers and other criminal
justice professionals who contend with drugs and crime
on a daily basis, the drug–crime connection is all too
real and an inarguable fact of contemporary society. As
stated in a training manual sponsored by the Interna-
tional Association of Chiefs of Police, “If there is a
reduction in the number of people who abuse drugs in
your community, there will be a reduction in the com-
mission of certain types of crime in your community.”
For the general public, the news headlines reporting
acts of social violence linked to the world of illicit drugs
are relentless. Wherever we look, illicit drugs and crime
are seen as being bound together in a web of greed and
callous disregard for human life.
Currently, research on drugs and crime is supported
primarily by two federal agencies, the National Institute
of Justice (NIJ) and the National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA). There is an increasingly close collabora-
tion between NIJ and NIDA as they tackle the complex
issues surrounding a major social problem in the United
States today. This chapter will concern itself w ...
Collin CenciAnalysis is one of the key components to the int.docx
Collin Cenci
Analysis is one of the key components to the intelligence cycle, arguably the most crucial piece of the puzzle. There first has to be a need, from there analysts decide what we don't know, what we need to know, how we can we find the answers, etc... Once the information is gathered analysts have the daunting task of not only turning that information into actionable intelligence, but fitting these pieces of intelligence into the puzzle. To make their job all the more difficult, they are constantly working to overcome a slew of perceptual and cognitive biases that can negatively affect their results. Some of these biases include objectively evaluating an analyst's expectations. If the evidence even remotely suggests that the target is someone that the analyst expected to be the culprit, it's incredibly difficult to make a positive case for any evidence that suggests to the contrary. The bias of availability is merely the perceived likelihood of a result. When evidence suggests a result that the analyst perceives as unrealistic, they tend to discount all evidence supporting that end. A final example is that of consistency, when results are consistent even over a short period of time, which establishes a trend for the analyst that is conditioned to expect a similar result time and again. These are only a few of the many biases that cloud the judgment of all analysts, but there are techniques for overcoming these pitfalls.
One technique best used in the very beginning of the analytical process is to run a Key Assumptions Check. Nearly all situations are going to have some assumptions made by analysts that have any prior experience with similar situations. The trick is to not let these assumptions mold the estimates and analysis that comes out of the process. As a team, analysts lay out all of their assumptions and slowly pick them apart to ensure these assumptions are based on fact and logic. A second technique is the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses, particularly useful in scenarios where the possibilities are numerous and data is extensive. (Heuer 1999) Preferably as a team, lay out a matrix of all the evidence on one axis and possible hypotheses on the other. From there simply go down the line discussing which pieces of evidence support which hypotheses. There will probably be some arguments that rise from this discussion, but analysts may be shocked to find how the evidence they felt supported their hypothesis may similarly support another hypothesis, possibly better than their own. The final example is called Red Team Analysis, or in simpler terms, analysts putting themselves in their enemies’ “shoes.”(Tradecraft 2009) Many assumptions are made based on cultural and societal differences between the analyst and their objective. To overcome this bias, analysts are tasked with considering the situation from the perspective of the target. This can be a particularly challenging task when many of our ad ...
8 Substance Abuse Counseling and Co-occurring Disorders CHAPTER OB.docx
8 Substance Abuse Counseling and Co-occurring Disorders CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Recognize substance dependence and substance abuse.
2. Know key diagnoses and definitions from the DSM-IV-TR.
3. Be aware of the various co-occurring disorders that are common to substance abusers.
4. Understand the various screening and assessment tools that are used in the treatment of substance abuse disorders.
5. Know the 12 core functions associated with substance abuse treatment.
6. Be aware of the impact that denial has on the addicted population’s prognosis.
7. Understand the dynamics of relapse prevention.
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of offenders suffering from substance use and abuse problems currently in the American Criminal Justice System is staggering. The massive increase in the number of convicted offenders suffering from substance abuse began in the 1980s and continues through the present. As Hanser (2006) points out, any informed discussion of drug offenders in the United States must begin with the war declared on drugs by the U.S. Government. As crack cocaine began to sweep through the nation in the early to mid-1980s an outcry shivered through the fabric of our society. Not only was the drug trade burgeoning and access to illegal substances becoming easier than ever, the violent crime rate was also increasing. A connection was quickly made between the expanding drug culture and the often violent incidents that occurred within its realm. This connection, along with societal upheaval, forced the government to take action in an attempt to rid ourselves from the evils and perils commonly associated with substance abuse and criminal behavior. The resulting action taken by federal and state lawmakers has been to draft laws aimed at corralling illegal substance–using offenders. And, law enforcement efforts have been somewhat successful—successful at least in its ability to arrest a sufficient amount of drug-related offenders so that nearly every correctional agency in America is at or beyond capacity. Once drafted these laws are enforced. In order to be enforced assets must be well equipped and mobilized. What is the primary ingredient for equipping and mobilizing assets? Money. As a country we have spent enormous amounts of money in attempt to halt the flow and usage of illegal substances. The money has primarily gone to two components of the criminal justice system: enforcement and corrections. Enforcement efforts are usually aimed at stopping the flow of illegal substances from entering our country; arresting those transporting and distributing illegal substances after they have entered the country; as well as, arresting those found to be using illegal substances. Enforcement efforts are carried out by a multitude of law enforcement agencies ranging from federal to state and local jurisdictions. Once arrested these offenders then become the responsibility of correctional agencies, also operati.
E046028031
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Drugs and Crime5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapt.docx
Drugs and Crime
5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapter,
you should have an
understanding of
● The relationship between
drug use and crime
● The structure of the illicit drug
trade
● Production and trafficking of
heroin
● Production and trafficking of
cocaine
● Production and trafficking of
marijuana
● Production and trafficking of
methamphetamine
● Production and trafficking of
hallucinogens
● Drug-related crime and
gangs
● Common methods of money
laundering
In the last couple of years we have found a large number
of marijuana plots in the Chattahoochee National Forest.
Growers are planting their marijuana in this area to escape
forfeiture laws. So I came up with this idea that I never
thought would work but I figured was worth a try. I typed a
letter and left it at one of the larger plots we found in the
national forest. The letter said, “You have been caught by
the Lumpkin County Sheriff’s Office. We have had you
under constant surveillance. If you do not turn yourself in
by calling the following number, your penalties for growing
marijuana will be doubled.”
I couldn’t believe it, but it actually worked. I had one
grower call me and turn himself in. He claimed that he was
only growing marijuana for personal use. I didn’t even
have to pick him up. He drove to the sheriff’s office and
turned himself in. Incredible but true!
—A sheriff’s deputy from Lumpkin County, Georgia
M05_LEVI0484_03_SE_C05.qxd 11/24/10 3:46 PM Page 87
Drugs, Society and Criminal Justice, 3E by Ken Charles F. Levinthal.
Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education.
J
O
H
N
S
O
N
,
O
L
I
V
I
A
9
1
1
0
drug-defined offense: Violation of laws that prohibit
the possession, use, distribution, and manufacture of
illegal drugs.
88 ■ Part One Drugs and Society: The Criminal Justice Perspective
For law-enforcement officers and other criminal
justice professionals who contend with drugs and crime
on a daily basis, the drug–crime connection is all too
real and an inarguable fact of contemporary society. As
stated in a training manual sponsored by the Interna-
tional Association of Chiefs of Police, “If there is a
reduction in the number of people who abuse drugs in
your community, there will be a reduction in the com-
mission of certain types of crime in your community.”
For the general public, the news headlines reporting
acts of social violence linked to the world of illicit drugs
are relentless. Wherever we look, illicit drugs and crime
are seen as being bound together in a web of greed and
callous disregard for human life.
Currently, research on drugs and crime is supported
primarily by two federal agencies, the National Institute
of Justice (NIJ) and the National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA). There is an increasingly close collabora-
tion between NIJ and NIDA as they tackle the complex
issues surrounding a major social problem in the United
States today. This chapter will concern itself with the
fact.
Accessibility of Medical Marijuana - Overview
Summary of finding and resources of project Accessibility of Medical Marijuana
Critical Analysis of Substance Abuse
This critical analysis explores the impact of substance abuse in America at both a global and local level. Topics of societal stigma, personal bias and drug decriminalization are among the topics explored.
October 2011, Vol. 101, No. 10 SAMJSouth African Medical .docx
October 2011, Vol. 101, No. 10 SAMJ
South African Medical Journal
First published January 1884
October 2011, Vol. 101, No. 10 SAMJ
673
Addiction
By addiction we usually mean continued involvement and dependence
on drugs, including alcohol and tobacco. But addiction can also
include an abnormal dependency on many other things, including
pornography, gambling and food.
South Africa’s 2nd Biennial Anti-Substance Abuse Summit in
Durban, with the theme ‘An Integrated Approach: Towards a Drug-
free Society’, was recently hosted by the Department of Social
Development and the Central Drug Authority (CDA) and was
attended by many ministers and top politicians. However, Charles
Parry and Bronwyn Myers in this issue1 argue persuasively that it is
time to move away from the outdated political rhetoric of a ‘drug-free
society’ and to engage in the work of formulating and implementing
an evidence-based policy.
Problem gambling, another destructive form of addiction, also
potentially has devastating effects on individuals and their families.
Collins and colleagues,2 also in this issue, describe the effective
management of this problem by the industry-supported National
Responsible Gambling Programme (NRGP).
Substance abuse can be classified in terms of its potential harms.
Nutt and colleagues3 ranked drugs on the basis of their potential
for physical harm, dependence (addiction), and effects on families,
communities and society, thereby offering a rational solution to a
previously arbitrary classification. Tobacco is one of the most addictive
substances, although its harmful effects are usually only apparent
after long periods of time. Addiction to the more psychoactive
drugs often poses more immediate and bigger problems to families
and societies. It is in the management of these that supporters and
opponents of the decriminalisation of drugs often share a common
view, namely that such people require expert medical and other help
and support and not stigmatisation or incarceration in jail.
A recent book Recovery RSA: A Resource Book for Those Affected
by Addiction4 has made a timely appearance. Compiled by Barbara
Hutton, it draws on the experiences of many experts in the field and is
aimed at addicts, families, significant others, professionals and support
people. There is something of value for everyone with an interest in the
field. The somewhat uneven length and quality of the chapters and the
interspaced personal experiences of those with addictions strangely do
not detract from the value of the book – professionals and lay people
will return to the areas that most interest them.
The reasons for people becoming addicted to psychoactive
substances are dealt with by Rodger Meyer. He describes the
pathogenesis and the process of becoming addicted and notes that
there is still very little agreement among authorities regarding the
true nature of the condition. People commence drug or alcohol use
for re.
Esay the use of controlled substances for medicinal purposes in united states
Esay the use of controlled substances for medicinal purposes in united states
ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYSNDROME
CARE OF CLIENTS WITH LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS, ACUTELY ILL/ MULTI-ORGAN PROBLEMS, HIGH ACUITY AND EMERGENCY SITUATION
CCSN_June_06 2024_jones. Cancer Rehabpptx
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
Nursing education curriculum development.pptx
curriculum development in nursing education based on INC syllabus for M.sc nursing.
More Related Content
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MONITORING FUTURENATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS ON DRUG U.docx
MONITORING
FUTURE
NATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS
ON DRUG USE
1975–2016
2016
Overview
the
Sponsored by The National Institute on Drug Abuse at The National Institutes of Health
Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Lloyd D. Johnston
Patrick M. O’Malley
Richard A. Miech
Jerald G. Bachman
John E. Schulenberg
MONITORING THE FUTURE
NATIONAL SURVEY
RESULTS ON
DRUG USE
2016 Overview
Key Findings on Adolescent
Drug Use
by
Lloyd D. Johnston, Ph.D.
Patrick M. O’Malley, Ph.D.
Richard A. Miech, Ph.D.
Jerald G. Bachman, Ph.D.
John E. Schulenberg, Ph.D.
The University of Michigan
Institute for Social Research
Sponsored by:
The National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institutes of Health
This publication was written by the principal
investigators and staff of the Monitoring the Future
project at the Institute for Social Research, the
University of Michigan, under Research Grant R01 DA
001411 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the views
of the sponsor.
Public Domain Notice
All material appearing in this volume is in the public
domain and may be reproduced or copied, whether in
print or non-print media including derivatives, without
permission from the authors. If you plan to modify the
material, please contact the Monitoring the Future
Project at [email protected] for verification of
accuracy. Citation of the source is appreciated,
including at least the following: Monitoring the Future,
Institute for Social Research, The University of
Michigan.
Recommended Citation
Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Miech, R. A.,
Bachman, J. G., & Schulenberg, J. E. (2017). Monitoring
the Future national survey results on drug use,
1975-2016: Overview, key findings on adolescent drug
use. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, The
University of Michigan.
Institute for Social Research
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Printed January 2017
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Contents
Click on any item below (in blue) to go directly to that page.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................1
Study Design and Methods ........................................................................................................3
Summary of Key Findings .........................................................................................................5
Specific Results by Drug
Any Illicit Drug ............................................................................................................9
Marijuana ...................................................................................................................11
Synthetic Marijuana .......................................................... ...
Annotated Bibliography.A very heated discussion on whether to sa.docx
Annotated Bibliography.
A very heated discussion on whether to sanction cannabis has been going on in the U.S for quite a long time now; the arrangement will not be accomplished except if the bodies mindful arrive at an accord on the drug's social, health, and financial advantages. Marijuana is expended and got as medication from the cannabis plant. It is likewise an exceptional medication and should to be used as a restorative and recreational medication in North America. There have been a few attempts to legalize cannabis in various states, yet the procedure has been met with numerous moves neglecting to pass the arrangements into law. When fittingly utilized, cannabis has demonstrated to have progressively constructive outcomes on individuals. It helps individuals with ceaseless infection; it stops malignant growth cells and diminishes depression to patients with uneasiness; along these lines, marijuana ought to be legalized.
The following articles provide an insight on the issues of marijuana legalization and the challenges faced when advocating for these issues.
Hoover, D (2017, September 7th). 4 Reasons why legalizing Marijuana could be the solution to America’s Problems. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/4-reasons-why-legalizing-_b_11870030
In this article, Hoover, D talks about the four significant reasons why the legalization of marijuana could be the solution to America’s problems. The author of this article centers arguments on the benefits of marijuana on health, economy, and general happiness. Some of the reasons the author feels would lead to the legalization of marijuana include; the first reason is that Cannabis is medicine- the fact that 23 states in the U.S have legalized marijuana; many physicians still do not have the slightest idea on how to prescribe it. The second reason the author talks about is the contribution of marijuana to the economy-according to the article, cannabis can be a steady source of income to the economy when putting to proper use. The third reason the author talks about is that legalizing cannabis could lead to the collapse of the international drug trade-this is supported in the study conducted in 2012 by the Mexican Competitiveness Institute, the study suggested that legalizing cannabis would make cartels run out of business. The final reason discussed in this article is the general happiness of individuals-it is suggested that legalizing marijuana would lead to low depression rates in the U.S and help reduce the rates of suicide.
Ruggiero, V. R. (2012). Thinking critically about ethical issues (8th ed.). New York: Mc-Graw Hill.
Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues welcomes readers to apply moral standards to issues that represent the kinds of moral difficulties experienced in regular day to day life. It gives a review of the requirement for morals and afterward centers around systems for compelling basic leadership. Ruggiero underlines doing ethical examination instead of contrasti ...
Illegal Drug Problem in the City of Ormoc As Perceived By User and Non-User R...
The study was conducted primarily to: describe the socio-demographic characteristics of user and non-user respondents; determine the reasons for engaging in illegal drugs among user respondents; document local and national ordinances enacted against illegal drug users; and identify the programs implemented by government and non-government organizations to make the City of Ormoc a drug-free community. The results of the study revealed that the mean age of the illegal drug users was 22 years old. Majority of them were males whose income fell below P10,000.00 in the form of allowance. They were aware of the illegality of the drugs used. Marijuana was the dominant drug abused. Influence of Peers and Curiosity were the topmost reasons why they got into drugs due to misinformation and assurance from friends who claim to have enjoyed the experience as perceived by the respondents. Among the National and Local Ordinances enacted against illegal drugs users in the City of Ormoc were: the implementation of RA 9165 – Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002; LOI 36/97: ALPHA BANAT (Barangay Against Narcotics Abusers and Traffickers) and Information dissemination of the ill effects of drugs through the Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Counsel (BADAC).
Drugs and Crime5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapt.docx
Drugs and Crime
5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapter,
you should have an
understanding of
● The relationship between
drug use and crime
● The structure of the illicit drug
trade
● Production and trafficking of
heroin
● Production and trafficking of
cocaine
● Production and trafficking of
marijuana
● Production and trafficking of
methamphetamine
● Production and trafficking of
hallucinogens
● Drug-related crime and
gangs
● Common methods of money
laundering
In the last couple of years we have found a large number
of marijuana plots in the Chattahoochee National Forest.
Growers are planting their marijuana in this area to escape
forfeiture laws. So I came up with this idea that I never
thought would work but I figured was worth a try. I typed a
letter and left it at one of the larger plots we found in the
national forest. The letter said, “You have been caught by
the Lumpkin County Sheriff’s Office. We have had you
under constant surveillance. If you do not turn yourself in
by calling the following number, your penalties for growing
marijuana will be doubled.”
I couldn’t believe it, but it actually worked. I had one
grower call me and turn himself in. He claimed that he was
only growing marijuana for personal use. I didn’t even
have to pick him up. He drove to the sheriff’s office and
turned himself in. Incredible but true!
—A sheriff’s deputy from Lumpkin County, Georgia
M05_LEVI0484_03_SE_C05.qxd 11/24/10 3:46 PM Page 87
Drugs, Society and Criminal Justice, 3E by Ken Charles F. Levinthal.
Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education.
R
O
D
D
Y
,
A
N
T
H
O
N
Y
I
S
A
A
C
3
7
2
7
B
U
drug-defined offense: Violation of laws that prohibit
the possession, use, distribution, and manufacture of
illegal drugs.
88 ■ Part One Drugs and Society: The Criminal Justice Perspective
For law-enforcement officers and other criminal
justice professionals who contend with drugs and crime
on a daily basis, the drug–crime connection is all too
real and an inarguable fact of contemporary society. As
stated in a training manual sponsored by the Interna-
tional Association of Chiefs of Police, “If there is a
reduction in the number of people who abuse drugs in
your community, there will be a reduction in the com-
mission of certain types of crime in your community.”
For the general public, the news headlines reporting
acts of social violence linked to the world of illicit drugs
are relentless. Wherever we look, illicit drugs and crime
are seen as being bound together in a web of greed and
callous disregard for human life.
Currently, research on drugs and crime is supported
primarily by two federal agencies, the National Institute
of Justice (NIJ) and the National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA). There is an increasingly close collabora-
tion between NIJ and NIDA as they tackle the complex
issues surrounding a major social problem in the United
States today. This chapter will concern itself w ...
Collin CenciAnalysis is one of the key components to the int.docx
Collin Cenci
Analysis is one of the key components to the intelligence cycle, arguably the most crucial piece of the puzzle. There first has to be a need, from there analysts decide what we don't know, what we need to know, how we can we find the answers, etc... Once the information is gathered analysts have the daunting task of not only turning that information into actionable intelligence, but fitting these pieces of intelligence into the puzzle. To make their job all the more difficult, they are constantly working to overcome a slew of perceptual and cognitive biases that can negatively affect their results. Some of these biases include objectively evaluating an analyst's expectations. If the evidence even remotely suggests that the target is someone that the analyst expected to be the culprit, it's incredibly difficult to make a positive case for any evidence that suggests to the contrary. The bias of availability is merely the perceived likelihood of a result. When evidence suggests a result that the analyst perceives as unrealistic, they tend to discount all evidence supporting that end. A final example is that of consistency, when results are consistent even over a short period of time, which establishes a trend for the analyst that is conditioned to expect a similar result time and again. These are only a few of the many biases that cloud the judgment of all analysts, but there are techniques for overcoming these pitfalls.
One technique best used in the very beginning of the analytical process is to run a Key Assumptions Check. Nearly all situations are going to have some assumptions made by analysts that have any prior experience with similar situations. The trick is to not let these assumptions mold the estimates and analysis that comes out of the process. As a team, analysts lay out all of their assumptions and slowly pick them apart to ensure these assumptions are based on fact and logic. A second technique is the Analysis of Competing Hypotheses, particularly useful in scenarios where the possibilities are numerous and data is extensive. (Heuer 1999) Preferably as a team, lay out a matrix of all the evidence on one axis and possible hypotheses on the other. From there simply go down the line discussing which pieces of evidence support which hypotheses. There will probably be some arguments that rise from this discussion, but analysts may be shocked to find how the evidence they felt supported their hypothesis may similarly support another hypothesis, possibly better than their own. The final example is called Red Team Analysis, or in simpler terms, analysts putting themselves in their enemies’ “shoes.”(Tradecraft 2009) Many assumptions are made based on cultural and societal differences between the analyst and their objective. To overcome this bias, analysts are tasked with considering the situation from the perspective of the target. This can be a particularly challenging task when many of our ad ...
8 Substance Abuse Counseling and Co-occurring Disorders CHAPTER OB.docx
8 Substance Abuse Counseling and Co-occurring Disorders CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
1. Recognize substance dependence and substance abuse.
2. Know key diagnoses and definitions from the DSM-IV-TR.
3. Be aware of the various co-occurring disorders that are common to substance abusers.
4. Understand the various screening and assessment tools that are used in the treatment of substance abuse disorders.
5. Know the 12 core functions associated with substance abuse treatment.
6. Be aware of the impact that denial has on the addicted population’s prognosis.
7. Understand the dynamics of relapse prevention.
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of offenders suffering from substance use and abuse problems currently in the American Criminal Justice System is staggering. The massive increase in the number of convicted offenders suffering from substance abuse began in the 1980s and continues through the present. As Hanser (2006) points out, any informed discussion of drug offenders in the United States must begin with the war declared on drugs by the U.S. Government. As crack cocaine began to sweep through the nation in the early to mid-1980s an outcry shivered through the fabric of our society. Not only was the drug trade burgeoning and access to illegal substances becoming easier than ever, the violent crime rate was also increasing. A connection was quickly made between the expanding drug culture and the often violent incidents that occurred within its realm. This connection, along with societal upheaval, forced the government to take action in an attempt to rid ourselves from the evils and perils commonly associated with substance abuse and criminal behavior. The resulting action taken by federal and state lawmakers has been to draft laws aimed at corralling illegal substance–using offenders. And, law enforcement efforts have been somewhat successful—successful at least in its ability to arrest a sufficient amount of drug-related offenders so that nearly every correctional agency in America is at or beyond capacity. Once drafted these laws are enforced. In order to be enforced assets must be well equipped and mobilized. What is the primary ingredient for equipping and mobilizing assets? Money. As a country we have spent enormous amounts of money in attempt to halt the flow and usage of illegal substances. The money has primarily gone to two components of the criminal justice system: enforcement and corrections. Enforcement efforts are usually aimed at stopping the flow of illegal substances from entering our country; arresting those transporting and distributing illegal substances after they have entered the country; as well as, arresting those found to be using illegal substances. Enforcement efforts are carried out by a multitude of law enforcement agencies ranging from federal to state and local jurisdictions. Once arrested these offenders then become the responsibility of correctional agencies, also operati.
E046028031
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Drugs and Crime5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapt.docx
Drugs and Crime
5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapter,
you should have an
understanding of
● The relationship between
drug use and crime
● The structure of the illicit drug
trade
● Production and trafficking of
heroin
● Production and trafficking of
cocaine
● Production and trafficking of
marijuana
● Production and trafficking of
methamphetamine
● Production and trafficking of
hallucinogens
● Drug-related crime and
gangs
● Common methods of money
laundering
In the last couple of years we have found a large number
of marijuana plots in the Chattahoochee National Forest.
Growers are planting their marijuana in this area to escape
forfeiture laws. So I came up with this idea that I never
thought would work but I figured was worth a try. I typed a
letter and left it at one of the larger plots we found in the
national forest. The letter said, “You have been caught by
the Lumpkin County Sheriff’s Office. We have had you
under constant surveillance. If you do not turn yourself in
by calling the following number, your penalties for growing
marijuana will be doubled.”
I couldn’t believe it, but it actually worked. I had one
grower call me and turn himself in. He claimed that he was
only growing marijuana for personal use. I didn’t even
have to pick him up. He drove to the sheriff’s office and
turned himself in. Incredible but true!
—A sheriff’s deputy from Lumpkin County, Georgia
M05_LEVI0484_03_SE_C05.qxd 11/24/10 3:46 PM Page 87
Drugs, Society and Criminal Justice, 3E by Ken Charles F. Levinthal.
Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education.
J
O
H
N
S
O
N
,
O
L
I
V
I
A
9
1
1
0
drug-defined offense: Violation of laws that prohibit
the possession, use, distribution, and manufacture of
illegal drugs.
88 ■ Part One Drugs and Society: The Criminal Justice Perspective
For law-enforcement officers and other criminal
justice professionals who contend with drugs and crime
on a daily basis, the drug–crime connection is all too
real and an inarguable fact of contemporary society. As
stated in a training manual sponsored by the Interna-
tional Association of Chiefs of Police, “If there is a
reduction in the number of people who abuse drugs in
your community, there will be a reduction in the com-
mission of certain types of crime in your community.”
For the general public, the news headlines reporting
acts of social violence linked to the world of illicit drugs
are relentless. Wherever we look, illicit drugs and crime
are seen as being bound together in a web of greed and
callous disregard for human life.
Currently, research on drugs and crime is supported
primarily by two federal agencies, the National Institute
of Justice (NIJ) and the National Institute on Drug
Abuse (NIDA). There is an increasingly close collabora-
tion between NIJ and NIDA as they tackle the complex
issues surrounding a major social problem in the United
States today. This chapter will concern itself with the
fact.
Accessibility of Medical Marijuana - Overview
Summary of finding and resources of project Accessibility of Medical Marijuana
Critical Analysis of Substance Abuse
This critical analysis explores the impact of substance abuse in America at both a global and local level. Topics of societal stigma, personal bias and drug decriminalization are among the topics explored.
October 2011, Vol. 101, No. 10 SAMJSouth African Medical .docx
October 2011, Vol. 101, No. 10 SAMJ
South African Medical Journal
First published January 1884
October 2011, Vol. 101, No. 10 SAMJ
673
Addiction
By addiction we usually mean continued involvement and dependence
on drugs, including alcohol and tobacco. But addiction can also
include an abnormal dependency on many other things, including
pornography, gambling and food.
South Africa’s 2nd Biennial Anti-Substance Abuse Summit in
Durban, with the theme ‘An Integrated Approach: Towards a Drug-
free Society’, was recently hosted by the Department of Social
Development and the Central Drug Authority (CDA) and was
attended by many ministers and top politicians. However, Charles
Parry and Bronwyn Myers in this issue1 argue persuasively that it is
time to move away from the outdated political rhetoric of a ‘drug-free
society’ and to engage in the work of formulating and implementing
an evidence-based policy.
Problem gambling, another destructive form of addiction, also
potentially has devastating effects on individuals and their families.
Collins and colleagues,2 also in this issue, describe the effective
management of this problem by the industry-supported National
Responsible Gambling Programme (NRGP).
Substance abuse can be classified in terms of its potential harms.
Nutt and colleagues3 ranked drugs on the basis of their potential
for physical harm, dependence (addiction), and effects on families,
communities and society, thereby offering a rational solution to a
previously arbitrary classification. Tobacco is one of the most addictive
substances, although its harmful effects are usually only apparent
after long periods of time. Addiction to the more psychoactive
drugs often poses more immediate and bigger problems to families
and societies. It is in the management of these that supporters and
opponents of the decriminalisation of drugs often share a common
view, namely that such people require expert medical and other help
and support and not stigmatisation or incarceration in jail.
A recent book Recovery RSA: A Resource Book for Those Affected
by Addiction4 has made a timely appearance. Compiled by Barbara
Hutton, it draws on the experiences of many experts in the field and is
aimed at addicts, families, significant others, professionals and support
people. There is something of value for everyone with an interest in the
field. The somewhat uneven length and quality of the chapters and the
interspaced personal experiences of those with addictions strangely do
not detract from the value of the book – professionals and lay people
will return to the areas that most interest them.
The reasons for people becoming addicted to psychoactive
substances are dealt with by Rodger Meyer. He describes the
pathogenesis and the process of becoming addicted and notes that
there is still very little agreement among authorities regarding the
true nature of the condition. People commence drug or alcohol use
for re.
Esay the use of controlled substances for medicinal purposes in united states
Esay the use of controlled substances for medicinal purposes in united states
Similar to AIISC Public Health, Epidemiology, Addictions x Social Media & AI (18)
MONITORING FUTURENATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS ON DRUG U.docx
MONITORING FUTURENATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS ON DRUG U.docx
Annotated Bibliography.A very heated discussion on whether to sa.docx
Annotated Bibliography.A very heated discussion on whether to sa.docx
Illegal Drug Problem in the City of Ormoc As Perceived By User and Non-User R...
Illegal Drug Problem in the City of Ormoc As Perceived By User and Non-User R...
Drugs and Crime5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapt.docx
Drugs and Crime5chapter After you have com-pleted this chapt.docx
Collin CenciAnalysis is one of the key components to the int.docx
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ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYSNDROME
CARE OF CLIENTS WITH LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS, ACUTELY ILL/ MULTI-ORGAN PROBLEMS, HIGH ACUITY AND EMERGENCY SITUATION
CCSN_June_06 2024_jones. Cancer Rehabpptx
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
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curriculum development in nursing education based on INC syllabus for M.sc nursing.
Feeding plate for a newborn with Cleft Palate.pptx
A feeding plate is a prosthetic device used for newborns with a cleft palate to assist in feeding and improve nutrition intake. From a prosthodontic perspective, this plate acts as a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities, facilitating effective sucking and swallowing by providing a more normal anatomical structure. It helps to prevent milk from entering the nasal passage, thereby reducing the risk of aspiration and enhancing the infant's ability to feed efficiently. The feeding plate also aids in the development of the oral muscles and can contribute to better growth and weight gain. Its custom fabrication and proper fitting by a prosthodontist are crucial for ensuring comfort and functionality, as well as for minimizing potential complications. Early intervention with a feeding plate can significantly improve the quality of life for both the infant and the parents.
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Explore the groundbreaking work of Dr. David Greene, a pioneer in regenerative medicine, who is revolutionizing the field of cardiology through stem cell therapy in Arizona. This ppt delves into how Dr. Greene's innovative approach is providing non-surgical, effective treatments for heart disease, using the body's own cells to repair heart damage and improve patient outcomes. Learn about the science behind stem cell therapy, its benefits over traditional cardiac surgeries, and the promising future it holds for modern medicine. Join us as we uncover how Dr. Greene's commitment to stem cell research and therapy is setting new standards in healthcare and offering new hope to cardiac patients.
KEY Points of Leicester travel clinic In London doc.docx
In order to protect visitors' safety and wellbeing, Travel Clinic Leicester offers a wide range of travel-related health treatments, including individualized counseling and vaccines. Our team of medical experts specializes in getting people ready for international travel, with a particular emphasis on vaccines and health consultations to prevent travel-related illnesses. We provide a range of travel-related services, such as health concerns unique to a trip, prevention of malaria, and travel-related medical supplies. Our clinic is dedicated to providing top-notch care, keeping abreast of the most recent recommendations for vaccinations and travel health precautions. The goal of Travel Clinic Leicester is to keep you safe and well-rested no matter what kind of travel you choose—business, pleasure, or adventure.
一比一原版纽约大学毕业证(NYU毕业证)成绩单留信认证
原版定制【微信:41543339】【纽约大学毕业证(NYU毕业证)】【微信:41543339】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到98%以上，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信41543339】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信41543339】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
INFECTION OF THE BRAIN -ENCEPHALITIS ( PPT)
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ALKAMAGIC PLAN 1350.pdf plan based of door to door delivery of alkaline water...
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we also help and provide systematic guideline to setup 1000 lph alkaline water plant
Child Welfare Clinic and Well baby clinicin Sri Lanka.ppsx
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Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiology
Dr. David Greene, founder and CEO of R3 Stem Cell, is at the forefront of groundbreaking research in the field of cardiology, focusing on the transformative potential of stem cell therapy. His latest work emphasizes innovative approaches to treating heart disease, aiming to repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function through the use of advanced stem cell techniques. This research promises not only to enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic heart conditions but also to pave the way for new, more effective treatments. Dr. Greene's work is notable for its focus on safety, efficacy, and the potential to significantly reduce the need for invasive surgeries and long-term medication, positioning stem cell therapy as a key player in the future of cardiac care.
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SGRT Europe 2023
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Letter to MREC - application to conduct study
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AIISC Public Health, Epidemiology, Addictions x Social Media & AI
- 1. Public Health, Epidemiology, Addictions x Social Media & AI Current Work With the increasing legalization of medical and recreational use of substances, more research is needed to understand the association between mental health and user behavior related to drug consumption. Specifically, drug overdose and substance use-related mental health issues have become two major topics that have been widely discussed on social media platforms. Big social media data has the potential to provide deeper insights about these associations to public health analysts for making policy decisions. Multiple national population surveys have found that about half of those who experience a mental health illness during their lives will also experience a substance use disorder and vice versa. The communications related to addiction and mental health are complex to process and understand given their language and contextual characteristics. Surface-level data analysis alone is not sufficient to understand the complex nature of relationships among the addiction and mental health context. Moreover, dark web vendors have been using social media as a new marketplace for drugs. Social media users also discuss the novel drugs emerging in dark web marketplaces and associated side effects/health conditions. These communications get complex when researchers try to annotate them or link them to a specific mental health entity. Considering the significant sensitivity of such communications and to protect user privacy on social media, a potential solution requires reliable algorithms for modeling such communications. We demonstrate the value of incorporating domain-specific knowledge in natural language understanding to identify the relationship between mental health and drug addiction. We discuss end-to-end knowledge-infused deep learning frameworks that leverage the pre-trained language representation model and domain-specific declarative knowledge source to extract entities and their relationships jointly. Our model is further tailored to focus on the entities mentioned in the sentence where ontology is used to locate the target entity's position. We also demonstrate the capabilities of inclusion of the knowledge-aware representation in association with language models that can extract the Drug-Mental health condition associations. Publications (use Google Scholar to get details) 1. "When they say weed causes depression, but it's your fav antidepressant": Knowledge-aware Attention Framework for Relationship Extraction between Cannabis and Depression. PLOS ONE 2. 'Time for dabs': Analyzing Twitter data on butane hash oil use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 3. "Time for dabs": Analyzing Twitter data on marijuana concentrates across the U.S. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 4. “When ‘Bad’ is ‘Good”: Identifying Personal Communication and Sentiment in Drug-Related Tweets. JMIR 5. “Those edibles hit hard”: exploration of Twitter data on cannabis edibles in the U.S. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 6. What's your Type?: Contextualized Classification of User Types in Marijuana-Related Communications Using Compositional Multiview Embedding. Web Intelligence 7. Global trends, local harms: availability of fentanyl-type drugs on the dark web and accidental overdoses in Ohio. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Grant No. 1 R2 1 DA0445 1 8 (Daniulaityte, PI; Sheth, PI; Lamy, PI). Conclusion The study done here is highly innovative as this is the first study to track and describe trends in illicit synthetic opioid supply on two crypto markets for epidemiological monitoring in Cincinnati and Montgomery County. The crawlers are created for U.S-focused crypto market tracking of illicit synthetic opioids supply and availability trends, and we made use of NER and drug abuse ontology to extract all the relevant drug names from the product names mentioned in crypto markets. In future, we intend to implement the automation of all the tasks discussed here from end to end process without much manual intervention. This helps us to do the crypto market research much efficiently to identify new emerging products automatically and explore several drug forms and combinations. Table 1: Dream Market Products Statistics (03/22/2018 - 04/26/2018) Time Period No of Ads Avg all Opioids Avg Fentanyl Avg Synth Opioids Avg Opiates Ads Mar-18 3804 3497 289 9 3199 Apr-18 4094 3479 283 23 3173 Table 2: Agora Market Products Statistics (03/01/2015 - 05/29/2015) Time Period No of Ads Avg all Opioids Avg Fentanyl Avg Synth Opioids Avg Opiates Ads Mar-18 21389 1045 170 19 856 Apr-18 21624 1313 203 16 1094 May-18 21840 1378 183 20 1175 Amit Sheth, Raminta Daniulaityte, Francois Lamy, Robert Carlson, Usha Lokala, Ugur Kursuncu, Manas Gaur Cannabis Study eDrug Trends Wiki : http://wiki.aiisc.ai/index.php/EDrugTrends Public Health Addictions Wiki : http://wiki.aiisc.ai/index.php/Public_Health_Addictions_Research_at_AIISC 8. eDarkFind: Unsupervised Multi-view Learning for Sybil Account Detection. WWW 9. Listed for sale: analyzing data on fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and other novel synthetic opioids on one cryptomarket. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 10. DAO: An Ontology for Substance Use Epidemiology on Social Media and Dark Web. JMIR 11. eDarkTrends: Harnessing Social Media Trends in Substance Use Disorders for Opioid Listings on Cryptomarket." ICLR AI for Public Health Workshop 2021. ICLR AI for Public Health. Research