1. Artificial insemination involves inserting sperm from the male into the female's reproductive tract without natural mating. 2. The history of artificial insemination dates back to the 18th century with early experiments in horses and other animals. It has since been widely used in cattle breeding programs. 3. The key steps of artificial insemination include thawing frozen sperm, checking sperm quality, and then inserting the sperm into the female's reproductive tract using an insemination gun at the optimal time during her estrus cycle. Proper technique and timing are important for fertilization success.

1. Artificial Insemination
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2. History of AI
• 1332 AD : Arab Chief in Horse ( but not scientific)
• 1777 AD : in reptiles, by Spallanzani
• 1780 AD : Spallanzani, Produce puppies from beagle dog
• 1900 AD : Extensive study of AI in Russia, than after in Japan

3. History of AI in Nepal
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• @)!&.!*Mklxnf] k6s t/n l;d]g k|of]u ul/g s[ u ;'?-Red Sindhi, Sahiwaal, Jersey, Holstein and
Brown Swiss liquid semen_
• @)@%.@^M lqk'/]Zj/df s[ u cfof]hgf -Artificial Insemination Project) :Yffkgf
• Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) Plant established in the year 2037/38 (1980/81).
• @)%*.%(M k|hgg sfof{no-National Livestock Breeding Center (NLBC), v'dn6f/af6 kf]v/fdf
:YffgfGt/0f
• @)^%.^^ M DCIP (Dairy Cattle Improvement Programme)
• @)^^.^&M xf]n]:6gsf] l;d]g pTkfbg ;'?,)=@% sf] :6« k|of]u ;'?
• @)^&.^*MBGIP (Buffalo Gene improvement Programme)
• @)^*.^(MP cfOld;g;'?,lhg a}ssf] ;'?jft at NLBO

4. • An Artificial Insemination Project was started at Tripureswor, Kathmandu in
B.S. 2025/26 (1969/70), and AI program received further momentum after
establishment of Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) Plant in the year 2037/38
(1980/81).The Project was renamed as Animal Breeding Division (ABD) and
was shifted to Khumaltar in the year 2041/42 (1985/86). The ABD initiated
breeding activities in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, and poultry with main
emphasis on AI in cattle and buffalos. In 2046, when ABD became a part of
Nepal Agriculture Research and Services Center (NARSC), the Department of
Livestock Services (DLS) started AI program naming it Artificial Insemination
Services. The Artificial Insemination Services was renamed Animal Breeding
and Artificial Insemination Program in 2048/49 (1991/92) and was made a
part of the Department of Agriculture Development (DoAD). With
restructuring of the Agricultural Ministry and re-establishment of DLS in
2052/53 (1995/96) and the program was named as Animal Breeding and
Artificial Insemination Section. The section was relocated to Lampatan,
Pokhara in the year 2058/59 BS (2001/02 AD) with same name as Animal
Breeding and Artificial Insemination Section and renamed National Livestock
Breeding Center in 2061/62 (2004/05).

5. Importance of AI

7. Disadvantages of AI

9. Sperm capacitation

10. Reproductive organ of cow

11. Diagram of Female reproductive tract

12. AI Checklist

13. AI Techniques

14. AI Process

15. Sperm capacitation

16. Sperm capacitation

17. Fertiliz
ation

19. Quality of Semen required for AI
• Post-thaw Motility 40 %
• Post-thaw Viability of Semen 10 % after 3rd hour
• Live Sperms % (55% at NLBO)
• Abnormal Sperms Up to 20 %
• Sperm Concentration/dose (million) 15-30

20. present scenario of AI Service in Nepal.
1. Districts with AI Service: 69 in FY 2077/78
2. Districts with Regular AI Service: 58
3. Districts with Casual/Seasonal AI Service: 8
4. No. of Total Inseminators: 2674 (Actively working
inseminators=1952)
5. No. of AI Private Inseminators: 1557
6. No. of Government Inseminators: 722
7. No. of Inseminotors in Community Livestock Breeding Center: 395
8. No. of Inseminators Recorded in the Inseminator's Diary: 2674

24. species wise semen production in the year
2076/77 from NLBOs
S.N. Species/Breed Semen produced(dose)
Cattle/Holstein 233129
Cattle/Hariyana 74927
Cattle/Jersey 281466
Buffalo/Murrah 174222
Goat/Boer 30140
Total 793884
Cost of per straw frozen semen Production Rs. 28.56

25. Timing of AI

26. AI process

27. Timing of AI
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$
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28. k|hgg u/fpg] pko"tm ;do
Animal Time of
insemination
Site of insemination Length of
estrus -hr
Estrus cycle
length- days
Time of
ovulation
Cattle 12-18 hr after onset
of estrus
Uterus-cervix 18 21 11 hr after end
of estrus
Buffalo 18 hr Uterus-cervix 18 21 18-24 hr after
end of estrus
Sheep 10-24 hr Cervix 24-36 hr 14-19 (16.7) Near end of
estrus
Goats 12-30 hr Cervix or uterus 26-42 hr 26-42 (20.6) Shortly after
end of estrus
Swine 12-30 hr Uterus/Cervical 2 days 19-20 24-36 hr of
estrus
Horses Every 2 days in
estrus
Uterus 5 days 21 3-6 days of
estrus
Turkey weekly Vagina

29. AI in dog

30. Summary
AI

31. Equipment's Used in AI

32. AI kit

33. Equipment's used in AI
Warm water Thawing
• Required Temperature : 37°C
• Time : 45 sec
Ice Water Thawing
Time : 35 min
Temperature : 5°C
Thawing kit

34. Equipment's used in AI
AI Container : Used to store semen

35. Equipment's used in AI
AI Gun AI Sheaths

36. Equipment's in AI
Semen Straw
Semen straw

37. Equipments used in AI
AI Gloves
To prevent contamination of d/s

38. ;fdfu|L Equipments JofVof
Artificial Vagina s[lqd of]gL jLo{ ;+sngsf] nflu
8dL s[lqd hgfj/
l;dg a}Í ljo{ ;+sng tyf e08f/0f ug]{ s[lqd uef{wfg sfof{no, zfvf, s]Gb|
8fONo"6/ ;f9], /fFuf]af6 ;}slnt ljo{nfO{ ;'Idbz{s oGq4f/f kl/If0f ul/;s]kl5 /fd|f] rfn ePsf] kfO{Pdf z's|ls6x?nfO{
rflxg] cfjZos kf}li6s tTjx?
P cfO{ /lkm| jf sG6]g/ t/n gfO6«f]hg /fvL l;d]g e08f/0f tyf cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ ef8f
AI gun P cfO{ ug b'O{k|sf/sf x'G5g -Pp6f )=@%ldln jLo{sf] nflu, csf]{ )=% ldnL jLo{sf] :6«sf]nflu
Semen Straw -l;d]g
:6«_ ljo{ ePsf] gnL
8an jf b'O 7fpdf l;n u/]sf] KofS6«L l;n
Ps 7fpdf l;n u/]sf] k|of]uzfnfsf] lzn
AI Sheath -kf]lnlyg l;y_ P cfO{ ugdf l;d]g /fvL 9fSg
Plastic gloves -Unf]e_
l;d]g /fd|f] k|hggIfdtf k|fKt ug{ Ps 8f]hdf %)nfv /fd|f] rfn ePsf] z's|ls6x? x'g h?/L 5
cGo ;fdfu|Ldf s}rL - l;d]g :6«sf] l;n sf6g_ Thawing kit M l;d]g kufNg
km/;]j Pk|f]g,;fa'g,kfgL

39. s[lqd uef{wfg u/L ufO{ e};Lsf] uef{;odf l;d]g⁄jLo{ /fVbf l;d]g :6«, P cfO{ ug, P
cfO{ l;y / Knfli6s Unf]e; cfjZos k5{
jLo{sf] e08f/0f M -!(^ºC sf] t/n gfO6«f]hgdf /flv jiff}{ ;Dd e08f/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
Thawing M hd]sf] jLo{nfO{ kufNg] sfo{, #% b]lv #& l8u|L ;]G6«Lu|]8sf] dg
tftf] kfgLdf !% b]lv @) ;]s]G8 8'afpg]

40. Some terms
• Artificial Insemination
• Sperm capacitation
• Thawing
• Fertilization
• Zygote
• Embryo