This document provides an overview of different types of farming in India. It discusses primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming. Primitive subsistence farming uses simple tools and depends on family labor, monsoon rains, and soil fertility. It includes slash and burn agriculture where farmers clear new land when soil becomes depleted. Intensive subsistence farming occurs in areas with high population pressure, growing multiple crops in the same field using irrigation and inputs. Commercial farming grows crops and raises livestock for profit in the market using high-yielding seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. Plantation farming covers large areas growing a single crop, like tea or sugarcane, as a raw material for industry.

1. DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
AGRICULTURE
TYPES OF FARMING
Presented by Priyansha Agarwal
Class X-D
Roll no. 20

2. INTRODUCTION
• The art and science of cultivating soil, raising crops and
rearing livestock including fishing and forest is called
agriculture.
• The term agriculture is derived from two Latin words, ‘ager’
meaning land and ‘culture’ meaning cultivation.
• In modern days, agriculture also includes Animal husbandry,
Forestry, Pisiculture etc.
• This is considered the backbone of Indian economy.

3. TYPES OF FARMING
1. Primitive subsistence farming
2. Intensive subsistence farming
3. Commercial farming
− Plantation farming

4. Primitive Subsistence Farming
• This type of farming is still practiced in few pockets of India
• The help of primitive tools like hoe dao and digging sticks,
and family /community labour.
• This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural
fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental
conditions to the crops grown.
• It is ‘slash and burn’ agriculture.
• Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the
farmer does not use fertilisers or other modern inputs.

5. Slash and Burn
agriculture
• When the soil fertility
decreases, the
farmers shift and
clear a fresh patch of
land for cultivation.
• This type of shifting
allows Nature to
replenish the fertility
of the soil through
natural processes

6. DIFFERENT NAMES OF SLASH AND
BURN AGRICULTURE
In India
• North-eastern states: Jhumming
• Madhya Pradesh: Bewar/Dahiya
• Andhra Pradesh: Podu/Penda
• Odisha: Pama
• Western Ghats: Kumari
• Jharkhand: Kuruwa
• Himalayan belt: Khil
• Chhattisgarh: Dipa
• Manipur: Pamlou
In World
• Mexico and Central America: Milpa
• Venezuela: Conuco
• Brazil: Roca
• Central Africa: Masole
• Indonesia: Ladang
• Vietnam: Ray

7. Intensive Subsistence Farming
• This type of farming is practiced is areas of high population
pressure on land .
• Cropping pattern is dominated by food crops and more than
one crop is grown in the same field
• It is labour intensive farming.
• The biological inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining
higher production.
• There is enormous pressure on agricultural land.

8. Intensive
Subsistence
Farming
• Paths and roads are
kept as narrow as
possible to minimize
the loss of arable
land.
• Land productivity
under this type of
agriculture is high

9. Commercial Farming
• Commercial farming is the farming method in which plant
and livestock production is practiced with the intention of
selling the products in the market and making profit.
• This type of farming uses higher doses of modern inputs e.g.
high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers,
insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher
productivity.
• The degree of commercialization of agriculture various from
one region to another.

10. Commercial
Farming
For example, rice is a
commercial crop in
Haryana and Punjab,
but in Odisha, it is a
subsistence crop.

11. Plantation
• A plantation is a form of commercial farming, in which a
single crop is grown on a wide scale.
• Plantations cover huge areas of land, using highly profitable
inputs, with the support of migrant workers.
• All the products are used as raw materials in the industry.
• The production is mainly for market.
• A well developed network of transport and communication
connecting the plantations areas, processing industry market
is important.
• Example: Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Sugarcane, Banana.

12. Plantation crops
Bamboo plantation in
North-east India
Banana plantation in
Southern part of India