This document discusses agile software development methods. It covers topics like extreme programming (XP), which takes an iterative approach with new versions built daily or weekly. XP emphasizes customer involvement, pair programming, collective code ownership, and test-driven development. The document also discusses Scrum, an agile project management framework that uses short "sprints" to iteratively develop software in increments with daily stand-up meetings and sprint reviews. Both XP and Scrum value rapid feedback, collaboration, and responding quickly to changes over rigidly following a plan.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The Many approaches and methodologies are available in the development of software with error free to its end user by fulfilling the values of stake-holders. Among the available methodologies Agile is a popular methodology which is introduced in 2001. Agile consists of various development processes such as Scrum, XP, Kanban, Lean and others. Among them Lean is one of the methodology in development of software domain which is adapted from Toyota Production System. This paper concentrates on how Lean sustains in the business stagnation because there exists some problems such as missing deadline, over development and ineffective management. Lean is having its own advantages and pitfalls. To overcome the pitfalls of Lean an adaptive approach is needed which may fit with existing industry standards.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
The Many approaches and methodologies are available in the development of software with error free to its end user by fulfilling the values of stake-holders. Among the available methodologies Agile is a popular methodology which is introduced in 2001. Agile consists of various development processes such as Scrum, XP, Kanban, Lean and others. Among them Lean is one of the methodology in development of software domain which is adapted from Toyota Production System. This paper concentrates on how Lean sustains in the business stagnation because there exists some problems such as missing deadline, over development and ineffective management. Lean is having its own advantages and pitfalls. To overcome the pitfalls of Lean an adaptive approach is needed which may fit with existing industry standards.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
1. Chapter 3 – Agile Software Development
Pepper
modification of Sommerville presentation
& Colm O’hEocha – AgileInnovation Ltd presentation
1
Chapter 3 Agile software development
2. Topics covered
Agile methods
Plan-driven and agile development
Extreme programming
Agile project management
Scaling agile methods
2
Chapter 3 Agile software development
3. Rapid software development
Why?
Need to react to changes more quickly than 2 year long waterfall projects
2 years and then you got the design wrong anyway! Small deliveries
aren't abstract
How?
Goal - Deliver working software quickly
• Compromise - less functionality in a delivery, not lower quality
• Less documentation
Focus on the code rather than the design
Interleave
• Specification, design and implementation are inter-leaved
Deliver small versions and get user (stakeholder) input
3
Chapter 3 Agile software development
5. Agile manifesto
Our values:
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value in the items on the right,
we value the items on the left more.
Chapter 3 Agile software development 5
6. Plan-driven and agile specification
6
Chapter 3 Agile software development
separate
development
stages with
the outputs to
be produced
at each of
these stages
planned in
advance.
Not
necessarily
waterfall
model – plan-
driven,
incremental
development
is possible
Iteration within stage
Iteration of stage
User's full
agreement at
end, not before
code
8. Problems with agile methods
It can be difficult to keep the interest of customers / users who are involved
in the process.
Team members may be unsuited to the intense involvement that
characterizes agile methods.
Prioritizing changes can be difficult where there are multiple stakeholders.
Maintaining simplicity requires extra work.
Contracts may be a problem as with other approaches to iterative
development.
Because of their focus on small, tightly-integrated teams, there are
problems in scaling agile methods to large systems.
Less emphasis on documentation - harder to maintain when you get a new
team for maintenance
8
Chapter 3 Agile software development
9. Balance plan driven and agile
Not great for Agile:
What type of system is being developed?
• Plan-driven approaches may be required for systems that require a lot of analysis before
implementation (e.g. real-time system with complex timing requirements).
What is the expected system lifetime?
• Long-lifetime systems may require more design documentation to communicate the
original intentions of the system developers to the support team.
What technologies are available to support system development?
• Agile methods rely on good tools to keep track of an evolving design
How is the development team organized?
• Many teams; Outsourcing ---> need design documents to control borders
Culture or contract needs detailed specification
Is rapid feedback from users realistic?
Large scale, not co-located may require more formal communication methods
Need high level programming skills - refactoring, work with little spec
Outside regulation documentation requirements
9
Chapter 3 Agile software development
10. Extreme programming
A popular form of Agile
Extreme Programming (XP) takes an ‘extreme’ approach to iterative
development.
New versions may be built several times per day;
Increments are delivered to customers every 2 weeks;
All tests must be run for every build and the build is only accepted if tests run
successfully.
Customer involvement means full-time customer engagement with the
team. - Specifications through user stories broken into tasks
People not process : pair programming, collective ownership and a process
that avoids long working hours.
Regular system releases. - release set of user stories
Maintaining simplicity through constant refactoring of code.
10
Chapter 3 Agile software development
12. The Parts and the Whole
Controller
Inspect
Set Target Adapt
• Clean Design & Code & Refactor
• User Stories - Late Elaboration
• Shared Code Ownership
• Test Driven Development…..
• Iteration Plan
• Daily Stand-Up
• Pair Programming
• Customer Reviews &
Feedback
• Retrospectives
• AutoTest…..
Sustainable pace
Collective Ownership with users
Minimal documentation for sprint
16. Examples of task cards for prescribing
medication
16
Chapter 3 Agile software development
17.
18. Refactoring
Programming team look for possible software improvements and
make these improvements even where there is no immediate need
for them.
This improves the understandability of the software and so reduces
the need for documentation.
Changes are easier to make because the code is well-structured
and clear.
However, some changes requires architecture refactoring and this is
much more expensive.
RISK:
Changes the user does not test
Changes to working software break it
Chapter 3 Agile software development 18
19. Examples of refactoring
Re-organization of a class hierarchy to remove duplicate
code.
Tidying up and renaming attributes and methods to make
them easier to understand.
The replacement of inline code with calls to methods that
have been included in a program library.
Chapter 3 Agile software development 19
21. Test automation
Automate tests (junit)
Run upon checkin
Difficulties:
Time constraints
Programmer preferences to not test
Test coverage
Chapter 3 Agile software development 21
22. Pair programming
In XP, programmers work in pairs, sitting together to
develop code.
Common ownership
Knowledge spread
Informal review
Refactoring
Similar output to two people coding
22
Chapter 3 Agile software development
23. Scrum
Project Manager's job: - Deliver needed system on time
within budget
The Scrum approach - manage the iterations
There are three phases in Scrum.
outline planning phase - general picture and architecture
Sprint cycles releasing increments of the system.
The project closure phase - final delivery, documentation and
review of lessons learned.
Chapter 3 Agile software development 23
25. The Sprint cycle
Every 2–4 weeks (a fixed length).
1) Project team with customer: Look at product backlog -
select stories to implement
2) implement with all customer communication through
scrum master (protecting pgmr at this point)
Scrum master has project manager role during sprint
Daily 15 min meetings
Stand up often
Team presents progress and impediments
Scrum master tasked with removing impediments
3) Review system release with user
25
Chapter 3 Agile software development
26. Scrum benefits
The product is broken down into a set of manageable
and understandable chunks.
Unstable requirements do not hold up progress.
The whole team have visibility of everything and
consequently team communication is improved.
Customers see on-time delivery of increments and gain
feedback on how the product works.
Trust between customers and developers is established
and a positive culture is created in which everyone
expects the project to succeed.
Chapter 3 Agile software development 26
27. Summary
Plan Driven (Ex: Waterfall) vs Incremental (Ex: Agile )
Structure and benefits and downfalls
XP - an implementation of Agile - Power to the Programmer
User story requirements
Test driven design with continual retest and integration
Pair Programming
Refactoring encouraged
Scrum - project management of Agile using sprints
Iterations of full team contact / Scrum master protection of
programmers / full team release review
27
Chapter 3 Agile software development