Against Designer Babies
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The document discusses both the principles of genetics as well as arguments against designer babies. It defines genetic disorders like Down Syndrome and cystic fibrosis. It also summarizes the goals of the Human Genome Project to provide a complete sequence of the human genome. The document then presents two arguments against designer babies. The first is that children should be loved for who they are, not what they can do for others. The second argument is that designer babies are at risk of genetic diseases and early death due to the techniques used to genetically modify embryos.
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1) Genetic disorders can be caused by single gene defects, mutations in multiple genes interacting with the environment, or chromosome abnormalities such as missing or extra chromosomes.
2) While genetic engineering may reduce disease risks, it also reduces genetic diversity and could increase discrimination against those who cannot afford designer babies or do not fit societal norms.
3) Allowing parents to choose traits like gender could worsen existing imbalances and gender stereotypes. Where should we draw the line between preventing disease and allowing natural human variation?
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The document discusses the principles of genetics, the human genome project, genetic disorders, and arguments for and against designer babies. It explains that some genetic traits are dominant while others are recessive. The human genome project aims to identify all human genes. Genetic disorders can be caused by single genes or chromosomal abnormalities. The document outlines both ethical concerns with designer babies as well as arguments that genetic testing could help prevent diseases.
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The document discusses the topic of designer babies. It provides background on genetics and genetic disorders. It then outlines arguments for and against designer babies. Designer babies could allow parents to choose traits like appearance and disease risk, but it also raises ethical issues and could further social inequality. The procedure is also risky and expensive. In conclusion, opinions vary on designer babies, but the technology offers benefits in preventing disease while also carrying health and ethical risks.
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Genetic engineering[1]
The document discusses the basics of genetics including genes, heredity, alleles, and the Human Genome Project. It describes genetic disorders and genetic engineering. The document presents both pros and cons of genetic engineering and discusses different views on the topic, including from a professor and the Methodist Church. It concludes by asking the reader for their own opinion on genetic engineering.
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The document discusses genetic disorders and the implications of genetic engineering. It outlines principles of genetics such as dominant and recessive alleles. It also discusses the goals and implications of the Human Genome Project, including identifying DNA sequences and addressing ethical issues. Both arguments for and against designing babies are provided, such as reducing disease versus limiting self-determination.
General overview of patterns of transmission of single gene traits
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1) Genetic disorders can be caused by single gene defects, mutations in multiple genes interacting with the environment, or chromosome abnormalities such as missing or extra chromosomes.
2) While genetic engineering may reduce disease risks, it also reduces genetic diversity and could increase discrimination against those who cannot afford designer babies or do not fit societal norms.
3) Allowing parents to choose traits like gender could worsen existing imbalances and gender stereotypes. Where should we draw the line between preventing disease and allowing natural human variation?
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2. It provides information on single gene disorders which can be passed down and discusses the human genome project which sought to map human DNA.
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This document discusses several topics related to genetics including basic principles of genetics, Punnett squares, the Human Genome Project, genetic disorders, genetic counseling, and arguments for and against human cloning. It explains that genes determine traits, alleles are variants of genes, and dominant alleles are always expressed while recessive alleles require two copies to be expressed. It also provides examples of single gene disorders like sickle cell and cystic fibrosis, and chromosome abnormalities like Down syndrome. The Human Genome Project mapped all human genes to better understand genetic diseases and develop tests/treatments. Genetic counseling helps couples understand disease risks in their family. Arguments for cloning include organ/blood donation matches and replicating family members, while arguments against include DNA evidence issues and
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This document provides an overview of genetics and heredity. It discusses DNA and chromosomes, how genes determine traits (phenotype) from our genetic code (genotype), how a single cell develops into a full organism through cell differentiation and gene interactions, and different patterns of inheritance such as dominant/recessive genes. It also covers genetic abnormalities like Down syndrome and how nature and nurture both influence traits and conditions over one's lifetime. Genetic counseling and testing are discussed as ways to learn about genetic risks but also have uncertainties.
Explanation of autosomal dominant inheritance
This document contains a series of slides explaining autosomal dominant inheritance from parents to children. The slides show that autosomal dominant conditions are caused by alterations in genes located on chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. If one parent has the altered gene and passes it on to their child, the child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition. An example is provided of a family where raised cholesterol is inherited in this autosomal dominant pattern. The slides are intended to demonstrate autosomal dominant inheritance for teaching purposes.
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Human cloning
1. The document discusses several principles of genetics including dominant and recessive alleles, co-dominant alleles, inheritance of alleles from both parents, and the human genome project.
2. It also discusses genetic discrimination, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), some genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and their inheritance, and genetic counseling.
3. The document outlines arguments for and against human cloning, noting religious and ethical concerns as well as risks of developmental defects.
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- The goals and implications of the Human Genome Project
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- Scientific advancements in organ cloning research, including creating tissues and organs using cells and scaffolds
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The document discusses both arguments for and against designer babies. It provides examples of how genetic screening could reduce risks of diseases but also how parents may want to select traits like gender, appearance, and intelligence. The conclusion argues that funding designer babies could create a better world by reducing crimes if parents are happy with their children's traits.
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4) Several genetic disorders are described briefly - Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, and color blindness.
Genetics research-template
The document discusses the principles of genetics including dominant and recessive traits. It describes the Human Genome Project which aimed to sequence all human genes. The project was completed in 2003. The document discusses arguments for and against designer babies. Proponents argue it allows choosing traits and preventing disease, while opponents note risks to the mother and child's health. It concludes the government should fund designer baby programs so parents can choose their child's traits and characteristics.
Genetics research-template
The document discusses the principles of genetics including dominant and recessive traits. It describes the Human Genome Project which aimed to sequence all human genes. The project was completed in 2003. The document discusses arguments for and against designer babies. Proponents argue it allows choosing traits and preventing disease, while opponents note risks to the mother and child's health. It concludes the government should fund designer baby programs so parents can choose their child's traits and abilities.
Genetic modification of foods
The document discusses genetic modification of foods and presents arguments on both sides of the issue. It begins with basic genetic principles and an overview of the human genome project. It then discusses single gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities. The rest of the document outlines eight arguments, four against genetically modified foods because they may cause allergies and lack labeling, and four in favor because they could reduce allergies, use less pesticides, and prevent crop failure. It concludes that genetic modification may not overall improve food supplies.
Genetics research-template
Genetic counseling helps prospective parents with genetic disorders by advising them on the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of transmitting it to children, and options to prevent or ameliorate it. Karyotypes, which show full chromosome sets, can predict genetic disorders by identifying extra or missing chromosomes. While cloning may help endangered species, reproductive cloning raises issues regarding an individual's psychological well-being.
Genes project2 patrick finning
The document discusses cloning endangered and extinct animals. It presents arguments both for and against cloning such animals. The arguments for cloning include preventing disruption to food chains if a species goes extinct and giving endangered species a chance to survive. However, cloning is difficult and cloned animals may have defects, as seen with Dolly the sheep. While cloning could help preservation efforts, the challenges of achieving successful clones mean it may not be a reliable solution.
Genetics research-template
The document discusses several arguments against human cloning. It notes that cloning could diminish individuality and human freedom. Cloning experiments have high failure rates in mammals, resulting in miscarriages and health issues, putting clones and women at risk. Cloning may also reduce genetic diversity and give scientists too much power over life. Identical clones could be easily manipulated and decrease new talent from emerging.
Genetics research-template
The document discusses several arguments against human cloning. It notes that cloning could diminish individuality and human freedom. Cloning experiments have high failure rates in mammals, resulting in miscarriages and health issues, putting clones and women at risk. Cloning may also reduce genetic diversity and give scientists too much power over life. Identical clones could be easily manipulated and decrease new talent from emerging.
Human cloning
The document summarizes key points about genetics and genetic disorders:
- Genes are passed from parents to offspring on chromosomes, and traits are controlled by dominant, recessive, and co-dominant alleles.
- The Human Genome Project aimed to map all human genes in the 1990s and had implications for ethics, law, and personal privacy.
- Genetic disorders can be caused by single gene mutations, chromosome abnormalities, or multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genetic counseling can help predict risks for prospective parents.
Human Cloning
This document discusses human cloning and presents arguments both for and against the practice. It begins with background on genetics concepts like alleles, Punnett squares, and the Human Genome Project. It then discusses genetic disorders and conditions. Both pros and cons of human cloning are outlined, including using it for infertility treatment or researching genetics, as well as religious and ethical concerns. The conclusion states most people support cloning but the author is against it due to potential loss of uniqueness.
Genetics research
The document discusses designer babies and genetic engineering. It presents arguments both for and against designer babies. Proponents argue that designer babies would allow parents to pick their baby's traits and create a "perfect" child. However, opponents counter that genetic engineering goes against natural human reproduction and could harm babies if the process goes wrong. The document also provides background on genetics principles like dominant and recessive alleles.
Human genome project[1]
The document summarizes basic principles of genetics including alleles, dominant and recessive traits, and how traits are inherited from parents. It then discusses the goals and accomplishments of the Human Genome Project which was completed in 2000, two years ahead of schedule. The document notes some social, ethical, and legal implications of the project, including issues around genetic discrimination and patenting of DNA sequences. It also describes different types of genetic disorders like single gene disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders.
Human genome project[1]
The document summarizes basic principles of genetics including alleles, dominant and recessive traits, and how traits are inherited from parents. It then discusses the goals and accomplishments of the Human Genome Project which was completed in 2000, two years ahead of schedule. The document notes some social, ethical, and legal implications of the project, including issues around genetic discrimination and patenting of DNA sequences. It also describes different types of genetic disorders like single gene disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and multifactorial disorders.
alvis byrd project
1) A dominant allele's trait always shows up when present, while a recessive allele is masked by a dominant allele. Co-dominance occurs when neither allele is fully dominant or recessive.
2) The Human Genome Project, started in 1990, aimed to study human genetics to find cures for diseases like cancer. It raised legal issues around genetic engineering and privacy, as well as social issues of how findings may affect society.
3) Genetic disorders can be single-gene, chromosomal, or multifactorial from lifestyle/environmental factors. Examples include Down syndrome from an extra chromosome.
Organ cloning
Organ cloning involves creating organs without removing them from another organism's body. It could help address the shortage of organs available for transplant. However, organ cloning faces several challenges. Fewer than 10% of organ cloning attempts have been successful so far, and cloned organs may not function identically to natural organs. There are also ethical concerns about organ cloning that remain unresolved. Overall, while organ cloning aims to save lives by providing transplantable organs, the technology is still experimental and not proven to be completely safe or effective.
Endangered cloning
The document discusses different terms related to animal cloning such as genes and alleles. It provides facts about species extinction and the history of zoos. It also describes different types of cloning techniques used by scientists, including some examples of animals that have been cloned. The document discusses genetic disorders and advances in understanding genetics from the Human Genome Project. It concludes with some basic principles of genetics such as dominance.
Extinct species cloning elizabeth &maggie2.pptx h
The document discusses cloning extinct species and provides arguments for and against it. It begins with background on genetics, the human genome project, and genetic disorders. It then presents four arguments: two for cloning extinct species to bring back lost animals, and two against cloning due to high costs and potential misuse. The document concludes that the authors learned about genetics principles and the genome project from researching the topic.
Extinct species cloning elizabeth &maggie eh
This document discusses cloning extinct species and provides arguments for and against it. It begins with background sections on genetics, the human genome project, and genetic disorders. It then presents two arguments in favor of cloning extinct species to bring them back and have more animals in the world. However, it notes two arguments are missing. The conclusion reflects on what was learned from the project about genetics, genomics, and related topics.
Genetics research-template
1. The document discusses human cloning and outlines a process where the nucleus is removed from a donor egg cell and fused with a cell from the person to be cloned.
2. It notes that clones of mice have had shorter lifespans than regular mice, and the same risks may apply to human cloning which has only been successful with Dolly the sheep.
3. The document expresses opposition to human cloning on the grounds that it is inhumane, unnatural, and wastes money that could be used for cancer research.
Endangered cloning
The document discusses different terms related to animal cloning such as genes and alleles. It provides facts about species extinction and the history of zoos. It also describes different types of cloning techniques used by scientists, including some examples of animals that have been cloned. The document discusses genetic disorders and advances in understanding genetics from the Human Genome Project. It concludes with some basic principles of genetics such as dominance.
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Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
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Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
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Olfactory Membrane:
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Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
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Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
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3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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