Bipolar disorder is a cyclical mental illness characterized by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and behavior. It involves periods of mania, where a person feels abnormally elevated or irritable, and periods of depression. The causes are believed to involve genetic and environmental factors, as well as imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine in the brain. Diagnosis involves using rating scales and diagnostic criteria from manuals like the DSM-5. Treatment options include mood stabilizing medications like lithium, antipsychotics, and antidepressants under psychiatric supervision. Lifestyle changes and psychotherapy can also help manage symptoms.

1. Iwbodtuction
is au allenahion in Mod."he most omwnoY prosentation
depresion less Comuony
is that ot a low mCod or
mauy becone higho elated.
claiticahhy Que dalled mood disodez
Bipola Disorders:
Bi polat disordes, peuriousy kncun as wanc
depressieillness js a Cyelical diserder ith zCcuMent
extrone uctuatons in moed,enesgy and behautou.
the
Tke dem dacsiou conisel, be wislending
Iueyove inthe novmal Couxse ofcdaiy fe will
expeuenca Qdenahions inmoel.
Masa:
13 the woed becowe elateclox aitable his
ayte asymopkom e monva. Hisapsychuic aypt
Oapola Mord disovde
descake dge opisclea

2. spidaisgy
Dieoees indinguostie
donessibe,makeii dticuttoesiate te ne
fhoidencaof
ahfectie disorder
"The of
to bethe cane dor borth mon and
Shucb'es gom meica avd Euope ysing
rd Wome.
Siordod asessnerd tools ourd a blehne
Paualenee ot blw l6/ard .
Aouh depassion may
childha, it is 'eshimated at ta
Quecas aao ofonset of depressi'an isin the
mu d 20- S
Genethie auLses:
Depression:. Gene o-ponsible oreroding the
geobonin transpotexprotein
Bipolasdsder:
Ineidenee cf atfective c'sorde in fis
Oeyee zelaies o SOmeohe with Seuere
oy be about ao
depsesion
Compantons of the misle ofattecheois
hhe children of both parents wri an ayecte
distrdes ghooa tou1 times qreaten1isk.
incidlente bipol lis goraall stpote

3. Envixonmentol actos
ervixon mental s1renses Can often be
iderdiied pi to an episcde o# maria or deprosi'on.
be that ifeeventp descaibed azthecdering
Bkely to be associated withcleprosion.
Biochemical tactor_:
The bicchemiCal theey of depssion postlates a
deicieey o neutotcursmittex aminesin Certain aueas ofho
broin
whon t toas tound that eserpivepoeuitug
tihypetenive, cosed botha deplekor
used as n
heantronstritte
takon as Con agpaent Confmcthion of thatheny
Endocine fac tovs
hdocsine pasticalaly
pituitozycdzanal
Ehgroid(Her)aw'e
Depresion
reTA)' ardhypothalam'e
Sowe endocine disevders Such as hpothupeidism
Cnd Cushings Syndome hauealso beenasSCciated
witt charges
Clwical paesenintion:.
cnout.
he hepotthalamic-
-pitutay
folivgs f sadnes,Cmpiness andunappihese.
cuttbuvsts,initabiity oyrstahon
Loss of interest
slecp dislrbances
Trouble hinkong
Uhexplaired pheysical prpberng.
OU
and also induced depression, tRis was

4. Substaree
abuseway
be
alcohel
or
dugs
other
mental
ailments
dHeunt
t
h
an
tunethon
ot
peple
haui
n
g
heat
t
y
peope
en
Stucdies
20veal
that
t
R
e
bycun
stuche
bipolas
disorder
t
o
s
peopl
e
ayteing
tr
Loss
of
a
loed
o
n
e
and
Ri
s
k
f
o
c
t
o
r
Bpol
a
n
Di
s
o
nden
Ma
d
is
olated
on
iitable
us
k
behaufou
Disinkabifion
wa
y
zesutl
t
'
n
oxces
si
v
e
Speeing
spes
Mania:
nevbus
sstem.
Hyponani
z
api
s
ocl
e
oess0s
,
S
l
o
ep
depahi
o
n,
nt
i
d
epr
e
ssant
s
,
Cenbel
Mani
e
epi
s
d
es
ay
be
frecipitaled
by
net
i
i
n
g
no
dolsio
ns
ar
d
no
fallucinatt
ons.
No
maske
i
m
pamend
in
6oci
a
l
orcccupahon
fai
a
na
d
er
qrandi
o
se
del
u
si
o
ns
Bi
x
ame
behauio,
halluinahos
anel
Mani
e
Episdes
bdusio,
Mgyox
depie
epislea
hal
l
u
ci
o
ah'
o
ns
vd
i
c
i
d
ol
Si
h
ol
a
Di
s
o
ve
l
e
r

5. to
ok'
q
at
ive
pt
o
m&
t
h
e
ubject
is
a
of
s
and
rk
on
hel
y
-
aporting
Scal
e
Theis
's
a
kat
i
n
g
Beck
Depression
Ihvendeg
disod
ex
Oe
jcale_:
idertihed.
frave
wok
t
o
r
t
h
e
wwangcrt
of
lepre
asi
o
n
aned
bipolaa
A
Ccovdi
n
g
to
t
h
e
Nice,
Nahi
o
val
guudeline.
Used,
wi
k
t
h
e
GOvOr
i
ty
ef
deression
determinecd
*
ln
Uk,
Teb-lo
,class
ication
ig
commonly
Montal
diseel
er
s
(Dsv
TR).
System
of
diaguesis
,bascd
on
t
h
e
doscption
of
intR
Di
a
g
nosh'
e
or
d
Strdishi
TCDIo
e
t
h
e
techedogy,
biochemical
4
within
t
h
e
limits
ef
oue
cunent
udexs
taurcdira
or
geret
i
e
claitjed
uci
n
g
t
h
e
batenatioral
elashcatim
of
Diseoa
Mentl
and
bohautoun
al
disoreess
ae
Commorle
*
Ratirg
scoales
,help
to
denonstsate
t
h
e
Conjizm
t
h
e
Pacsence
of
an
*No
bior
hermical
ard
qencic
tests
which
twiltl
ctec
ie
disovdex
cal
Manual
o
*
The
dmexiter
Psychiah
e
dssocahion
Jas
deuelopad
t
e
shs

6. In
-
h
e
brn
Corcenbe
t
o
ns
of
cotonin,
do
pami
n
ar
d
nor
e
p
Mo
n
Or
a
l
l
epressants
dugs
o
ieaae
ncusorayvitters
qeobori
n
,
doai
n
e
ad
novepi
n
ephai
n
e
f
o
r
Mpetens
b
r
)
depsessio
n:
2echpi
n
e
d
i
g
h
a
f
Caused
de_l
e
t
i
n
e
l
e
rol
s
hetidepscnt
d
u
g
t
h
caase
MO
VOQune
brai
n
l
e
cl
s
af
al
l
t
y
ee
neuTo
t
s
ansmi
t
t
e
n
s
t
o
r
gys
t
e
n
s
O
v
e
angt
h
e
bd
i
n
t
e
rde
perdent
,
do
ot
Monoanuno
t
u
nt
i
o
n
gepanat
e
y
deceasad
euel
s
o
t
h
e
oMoami
n
e
neokrans
mi
t
t
e
x
s
(
S
exot
o
ni
o
Depaessi
o
n
ig
Causecl
by
t
h
e
ol
l
c
eased
hs
Mowoamine
aine
an
i
n
t
e
vi
e
w
t
o
veut
e
Q
Cal
e
i
us
e
c
l
by
a
het
Ceze
Dr
n
!
.
Hamilton
Depaussion
Rat
i
n
g
scale
:
t
h
e
oN,
he
move
a
scale
-4
how
Sexee

7. b
l
o
tiation
o
theary
a
u
d
effechveres,
incscasC.
MAO
,
j
ineliately
hauenn
-CRES
Pest
a
yr
a
pt
h
e
NET
Fnderogceph
e
endet
charges
in
o
ad
Ca
a
n
og
essant,
t
h
e
actiity
a
r
d
coptox
ger
e
rpton.

8. Nauotnph'e hypolesic
14 invols Covti sol Brcuin deived
tactor
|bmmatue neuohvs, enhoncos the suaiva nd
f adult neuaon.
Low BNDF leel m y be aesposible dor less c
hippocarspus and othen brau
Selease
Aoleasc
Maua!.
Hiocomus lose its obilty toinhibit eRE
thalamus lendirg to
Glutawate
JGutamate decazboaylase
GABR
Bipola
Hippocampus
Prehrortal'cotes
Mani a
hogesion
to tncQased
bra'n

9. MOn:
a
b
e
H
It
is
eLD
Ns
tte
tinty
in
t
h
e
CNS
stimulant
Psgnaptie
Ada:
Sedat'on,
ost
h
o
statie
hepotension.
MOh:
Bl
o
ch
nonepi
n
ephai
n
e
a
n
d
serotonin
z0uptake
in
to
t
h
e
neuon.
ni
d
yj
i
y
l
i
n
e:
Dose:
50-1gmg
Raboxetina
aelectie
Norepi
n
ehhane
Reupt
a
ke
i
n
hi
b
i
t
o
r:
egolective
leactonin
Reuptake
inkibits:
citloprm
,
Fl
u
cr
Tlwoxamine,
Sezhralire
MOnoamina
d
as
e
inhibitors.
Bupopion
Ar
n
i
noketone:
s'
ani
n
e
Desipanine,
Not
i
p
t
y
úne,
Probipybne.
Fmibipayline,
rsoycbe
cloipsaane
Tuat
n
ent
har
m
ac
col
a
qi
c
al
Tenhnsant
:
a
t
a
m
e
n
t
eine,
chldepsusarnt:
ipin,

10. n.
Sasp
(Rtqula
badtine
{aoake
schsdule)
Y
Reduce
slres
Phamacologie
:.
An
t
i
depusats.
Buprepi
o
n
Boztipine
:
clonazepam
Dowsines,
dezness,
cluns
i
n
ass
han
antidepcsat
efece
H
pol
e
t
Caubama
zpie
A
d:
Sai
u
m
Valpnecte
ig
aapy
Convext
ed
to
VP
n
in
St
o
rash.
d
o
x
puore
tmania
(a(t
is
entoic
Coat
e
d
fomul
,tvPi)
A
d:
Musce
weaknes
a
n
d
ehagy
For
acute
mani
q.
ithium:
mana:.
Ado:
Cdena,
Constipahion.
Aenati
e
dugtreahmort
:
ni
p
sychot
i
c
a
,
cozapine,
speni
dor
e
.
is
antimanic
propedhes
at
i
o
ny
it
i
etechve
às
l
i
k
i
u
m
Valbrei
c
acid,
Divalprex
So'
um
or
Sedim
Valpate