4. "An aerosol is a disperse phase system, in which
very fine solid drug particles or liquid droplets
get dispersed in the propellants (gas), which
acts as continuous phase".
OR
"An Aerosol system which expels the contents
from the container that depends on the
pressure development by compressed or
liquefied gas"
5. “
One or more therapeutic active ingredients
which upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of
liquid and/or solid materials in a gaseous
medium smaller than 50 µm".
• An Aerosol also called as Pressurized
Packages, Pressure Package or Pressurized
dosage forms
6.
7. ADVANTAGES OF AEROSOLS
• Required quantity withdrawn
• Easy and convenient without the help of
others.
• The onset of action is faster
• The dispersion of medicament is very good.
8. • Drug can be removed from the container
without contamination of remaining contents.
• No Hydrolysis & Oxidation
• No microorganism can enter even when the
valve is opened.
9. • The aerosol containers protect the
photosensitive medicaments. (Except clear glass
containers)
• Irritation can be reduced by application of
topical aerosol medication in a uniform thin
layer to the skin without touching the affected
area.
10. DISADVANTAGES
• Aerosols are cost effective.
• Disposal of empty aerosol containers are
difficult.
• Due to volatility of the propellant/s can irritate
the injured skin.
• Some persons may be sensitive to the
propellant
11. • Aerosol packs must be keep away from hi
temperature and fire, because it may develop
high pressure inside the container leads to
explosion.
• Sometimes propellants may cause toxic
reactions, if therapy is continued for a long
period of time.
13. • For inhalation therapy: the product must be
fine liquid mist or as finely divided solid
particles (< 6µm for respiratory bronchioles)
and (< 2µm reach alveolar ducts and alveoli).
• For dermatological therapy: the particle size is
coarser and less critical in therapeutic efficacy
14. Two components
• Product concentrate: the API with the additives such
as antioxidants, surfactants, and solvents to prepare a
stable and effective product.
• Propellant : two types:
• 1- A liquefied gas or mixture of liquefied gasses that
serve as a dual role the propellant and solvent or
vehicle for the product concentrate e.g.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as
dichlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane,
trichloromonofluoromethane, butane & isobutane
15. • Fluorinated hydrocarbons are gases at room
temperature, they may be liquefied by cooling
below their boiling point or by compression at
room temperature.
• 2- Compressed gas propellants such as
nitrogen, nitrous oxide & carbon dioxide.
16. • When the propellant is filled in the aerosol
container, its one portion exist as vapors while
the other as liquid; an equilibrium exists in
between the two states.
• The gaseous phase exerts pressure in all
directions including the surface of the
propellant.
17. • When the valve is pressed, the pressure forces
the liquid phase up the dip tube and out of
the orifice of the valve into the atmosphere.
• In the atmosphere, the propellant along the
concentrate, expands & form a droplet due to
fall in pressure.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22. • The pressure inside the aerosol is critical.
• It is controlled by two factors:
• The type and amount of propellant.
• The nature and amount of product
concentrate.
