The topic of driverless cars has caught the imaginations of many people. Who wouldn’t want to relax as his car drove him to work, then parked itself? Families could reduce the amount of vehicles if mom could take the car to work then send it home so another family member could do errands, go to the doctor, take the cat to the vet, or other tasks. To many this seems like a fantasy come true; in reality it is a fantasy that is going to be realized in the not too distant future.
While not all business and societal implications can be covered in this article, the insurance and regulatory implications are key to the future of this technology becoming readily available to the consuming public.
The topic of driverless cars has caught the imaginations of many people. Who wouldn’t want to relax as his car drove him to work, then parked itself? Families could reduce the amount of vehicles if mom could take the car to work then send it home so another family member could do errands, go to the doctor, take the cat to the vet, or other tasks. To many this seems like a fantasy come true; in reality it is a fantasy that is going to be realized in the not too distant future.
While not all business and societal implications can be covered in this article, the insurance and regulatory implications are key to the future of this technology becoming readily available to the consuming public.
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The .docxgerardkortney
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Carbots – Where are We?
Alice E. Fischer
August 30, 2017
Carbots. . . 1/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision and the Current Reality
The Vision
Current Reality
The Technology
Hardware Technology
Hardware Technology
The Issues
Public Policy
Where are we now?
Brave New World
Cost
Change
Carbots. . . 2/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Carbots – Where are We?
Alice E. Fischer
The Reality
The
TechnologyThe
Issues
The Dream
First version: June 1, 2016, Updated: July 28, 2017
Carbots. . . 3/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision
I. The Vision
Carbots. . . 4/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision
The Dream
1. Everyone will be safer because we will eliminate distracted
driving, drunks, high-speed chases, etc. (Subtext: machines
follow rules, humans don’t do so reliably.)
2. Children, the elderly, and partygoers can all get to their
destinations safely without a competent driver. (Subtext: We
want servants who can take care of the non-productive
members of society.)
3. Our highways will be able to handle more cars, traveling closer
together at high speeds, because a computer’s response time
is faster than a human’s and can handle smaller distances
safely.
Carbots. . . 5/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision
The Nightmares
The nightmares are the flip-side of the dreams:
1. It is clear that some people should NOT be driving cars, but
will they be the ones using the carbots? Will we require that?
2. It is not at all clear that carbots will be safer; they are just
different. A carbot may be safer in some ways, but also be
more dangerous in other ways.
3. People will send children and the elderly to their destinations
in carbots. Of course, we already have taxis and Uber for
occasions when the competent adults are busy.
4. Any unexpected emergency might cause a crash. Would this
involve a pile-up of a hundred carbots?
5. When a carbot starts behaving erratically, what next?
Carbots. . . 6/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Current Reality
II. Current Reality
Emergencies, Accidents, and Crashes
Limitations
Carbots. . . 7/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Current Reality
Limitations as of August, 2014
1. The latest prototype had not been tested in heavy rain or
snow due to safety concerns.
2. Because the cars rely primarily on pre-programmed route data,
they do not obey temporary traffic lights or diversions.
3. In complex unmapped intersections. they revert to a slower
“extra cautious” mode.
4. The vehicle has d.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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A B C D E F G H I J K L
Vehicle Purchase Analysis
Vehicle 1 Vehicle 2 Vehicle 3 Vehicle 4 Average Highest Lowest
Description 2011 Ford Mustang GT 2012 Honda Civic LX 2013 Ducati Superbike 848 Evo 2012 GMC Canyon Regular Cab Price 18,739.50$ 25,490.00$ 13,995.00$
Vehicle Type Passenger Passenger Motorcycle Truck MPG City 27.5 44 18
MPG Highway 35.25 44 25
Seller private seller dealer private seller dealer MPG Average 31.375 44 21.5
Price $25,490 $17,998 $13,995 $17,475
MPG City 19 29 44 18 Yearly Costs Average Highest Lowest
MPG Highway 31 41 44 25 Maintenance 475.00$ 600.00$ 300.00$
Average MPG 25 35 44 21.5 Registration Fee 90.00$ 100.00$ 60.00$
Yearly Costs Insurance 950.00$ 1,500.00$ 600.00$
Maintenance/Year $600 $300 $500 $500
Registration Fee 100 100 60 100 Loan Average Highest Lowest
Insurance/Year $1,000 $700 $1,500 $600 Amount to Borrow 13,739.50$ 20,490.00$ 8,995.00$
Need Loan? yes yes yes yes APR 5% 8% 2%
Amount to Borrow $20,490 $12,998 $8,995 $12,475 Years 4 5 2
APR 4.90% 1.90% 7.90% 3.90%
Years 5 4 2 3 Monthly Costs Average Highest Lowest
Monthly Costs Gas 75.45$ 101.86$ 49.77$
Gas $87.60 $62.57 $49.77 $101.86 Loan Payment 360.33$ 406.41$ 281.43$
Loan Payment $385.73 $281.43 $406.41 $367.76 Maintenance 39.58$ 50.00$ 25.00$
Maintenance/Month $50.00 $25.00 $41.67 $41.67 Insurance 79.17$ 125.00$ 50.00$
Insurance/Month $83.33 $58.33 $125.00 $50.00 Total Monthly 554.53$ 622.85$ 427.33$
Total Monthly $606.67 $427.33 $622.85 $561.28
Affordable? no yes no yes
[email protected]
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A B C D E F G
Vehicle Purchase Assumptions
$5,000 Total Cash Available for Vehicle Purchase
$600 Total Monthly Amount Available to Pay for Operating Vehicle
600 Number of Miles I Expect To Drive Each Month
$3.65 Gas Price Per Gallon
Registration Fee Lookup Table
column # 1 2
Cargo Van 100
Farm Vehicle 68
Motor Home 100
Motorcycle 60
Passenger 100
Taxicab 160
Trailer 30
Truck 100
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A Skills Approach: Excel 2013 Chapter 3: Using Formulas and Functions
1 | Page challenge yourself 3.3 Last Updated 4/3/15
challenge yourself 3.3
In this project, you will complete a vehicle-shopping workbook to compare the purchase of several vehicles. After
completing the project, you can make a copy of the file and use it to compare vehicle purchases you are considering
for yourself. Be sure to save your work often!
Skills needed to complete this project:
Naming Ranges of Cells
Calculating Averages
Finding Data Using the VLOOKUP Function
Working with Named Ranges
Using th.
In this paper, a project is described which is a 2-D
modelled version of a car that will learn how to drive itself. It
will have to figure everything out on its own. In addition, to
achieve that the simulator contains a car running
simultaneously &can be controlled by different control
algorithms - heuristic, reinforcement learning-based, etc. For
each dynamic input, the Reinforcement- Learning modifies
new patterns. Ultimately, Reinforcement Learning helps in
maximizing the reward from every state. In this first Part, we
will implement a Reinforcement-Learning model to build an
AI for Self Driving Car. Project will be focusing on the brain
of the car not any graphics. The car will detect obstacles and
take basic actions. To make autonomous car or self-driving
car a reality, some of the factors to be considered are human
safety and quality of life.
Assignment
Identifying the market opportunity / Low-fidelity Prototype due / testing your value proposition with customers
Technology Entrepreneurship,
Stanford
Investigations of Drag and Lift Forces Over the Profiles of Car Using CFDijsrd.com
Aerodynamic characteristics of racing car are of significant interest in reducing racing accidents due to wind loading and save the fuel consumption. This work outlines the process taken to optimize the geometry of a vehicle. Vertices and edges of car were imported into GAMBIT and a computational domain is created. An unstructured triangular mesh was then applied. The goal is to obtain a better flow around the car model to lower the coefficient of drag force; the work is carried out in a ANSYS CFD FLUENT program towards a converged solution. These practices are helpful to redesign existing vehicles in order to improve handling and increase fuel efficiency. In the present work an attempt has been made by considering three models of car by varying speed of vehicle, the pressure coefficients and drag coefficients are obtained.
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The .docxgerardkortney
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Carbots – Where are We?
Alice E. Fischer
August 30, 2017
Carbots. . . 1/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision and the Current Reality
The Vision
Current Reality
The Technology
Hardware Technology
Hardware Technology
The Issues
Public Policy
Where are we now?
Brave New World
Cost
Change
Carbots. . . 2/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Carbots – Where are We?
Alice E. Fischer
The Reality
The
TechnologyThe
Issues
The Dream
First version: June 1, 2016, Updated: July 28, 2017
Carbots. . . 3/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision
I. The Vision
Carbots. . . 4/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision
The Dream
1. Everyone will be safer because we will eliminate distracted
driving, drunks, high-speed chases, etc. (Subtext: machines
follow rules, humans don’t do so reliably.)
2. Children, the elderly, and partygoers can all get to their
destinations safely without a competent driver. (Subtext: We
want servants who can take care of the non-productive
members of society.)
3. Our highways will be able to handle more cars, traveling closer
together at high speeds, because a computer’s response time
is faster than a human’s and can handle smaller distances
safely.
Carbots. . . 5/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
The Vision
The Nightmares
The nightmares are the flip-side of the dreams:
1. It is clear that some people should NOT be driving cars, but
will they be the ones using the carbots? Will we require that?
2. It is not at all clear that carbots will be safer; they are just
different. A carbot may be safer in some ways, but also be
more dangerous in other ways.
3. People will send children and the elderly to their destinations
in carbots. Of course, we already have taxis and Uber for
occasions when the competent adults are busy.
4. Any unexpected emergency might cause a crash. Would this
involve a pile-up of a hundred carbots?
5. When a carbot starts behaving erratically, what next?
Carbots. . . 6/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Current Reality
II. Current Reality
Emergencies, Accidents, and Crashes
Limitations
Carbots. . . 7/51
Outline The Vision and the Current Reality The Technology The Issues Brave New World
Current Reality
Limitations as of August, 2014
1. The latest prototype had not been tested in heavy rain or
snow due to safety concerns.
2. Because the cars rely primarily on pre-programmed route data,
they do not obey temporary traffic lights or diversions.
3. In complex unmapped intersections. they revert to a slower
“extra cautious” mode.
4. The vehicle has d.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
A B C D E F G H I J K L
Vehicle Purchase Analysis
Vehicle 1 Vehicle 2 Vehicle 3 Vehicle 4 Average Highest Lowest
Description 2011 Ford Mustang GT 2012 Honda Civic LX 2013 Ducati Superbike 848 Evo 2012 GMC Canyon Regular Cab Price 18,739.50$ 25,490.00$ 13,995.00$
Vehicle Type Passenger Passenger Motorcycle Truck MPG City 27.5 44 18
MPG Highway 35.25 44 25
Seller private seller dealer private seller dealer MPG Average 31.375 44 21.5
Price $25,490 $17,998 $13,995 $17,475
MPG City 19 29 44 18 Yearly Costs Average Highest Lowest
MPG Highway 31 41 44 25 Maintenance 475.00$ 600.00$ 300.00$
Average MPG 25 35 44 21.5 Registration Fee 90.00$ 100.00$ 60.00$
Yearly Costs Insurance 950.00$ 1,500.00$ 600.00$
Maintenance/Year $600 $300 $500 $500
Registration Fee 100 100 60 100 Loan Average Highest Lowest
Insurance/Year $1,000 $700 $1,500 $600 Amount to Borrow 13,739.50$ 20,490.00$ 8,995.00$
Need Loan? yes yes yes yes APR 5% 8% 2%
Amount to Borrow $20,490 $12,998 $8,995 $12,475 Years 4 5 2
APR 4.90% 1.90% 7.90% 3.90%
Years 5 4 2 3 Monthly Costs Average Highest Lowest
Monthly Costs Gas 75.45$ 101.86$ 49.77$
Gas $87.60 $62.57 $49.77 $101.86 Loan Payment 360.33$ 406.41$ 281.43$
Loan Payment $385.73 $281.43 $406.41 $367.76 Maintenance 39.58$ 50.00$ 25.00$
Maintenance/Month $50.00 $25.00 $41.67 $41.67 Insurance 79.17$ 125.00$ 50.00$
Insurance/Month $83.33 $58.33 $125.00 $50.00 Total Monthly 554.53$ 622.85$ 427.33$
Total Monthly $606.67 $427.33 $622.85 $561.28
Affordable? no yes no yes
[email protected]
LU
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PL
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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16
17
18
A B C D E F G
Vehicle Purchase Assumptions
$5,000 Total Cash Available for Vehicle Purchase
$600 Total Monthly Amount Available to Pay for Operating Vehicle
600 Number of Miles I Expect To Drive Each Month
$3.65 Gas Price Per Gallon
Registration Fee Lookup Table
column # 1 2
Cargo Van 100
Farm Vehicle 68
Motor Home 100
Motorcycle 60
Passenger 100
Taxicab 160
Trailer 30
Truck 100
SO
LU
TI
O
N
SA
M
PL
E
A Skills Approach: Excel 2013 Chapter 3: Using Formulas and Functions
1 | Page challenge yourself 3.3 Last Updated 4/3/15
challenge yourself 3.3
In this project, you will complete a vehicle-shopping workbook to compare the purchase of several vehicles. After
completing the project, you can make a copy of the file and use it to compare vehicle purchases you are considering
for yourself. Be sure to save your work often!
Skills needed to complete this project:
Naming Ranges of Cells
Calculating Averages
Finding Data Using the VLOOKUP Function
Working with Named Ranges
Using th.
In this paper, a project is described which is a 2-D
modelled version of a car that will learn how to drive itself. It
will have to figure everything out on its own. In addition, to
achieve that the simulator contains a car running
simultaneously &can be controlled by different control
algorithms - heuristic, reinforcement learning-based, etc. For
each dynamic input, the Reinforcement- Learning modifies
new patterns. Ultimately, Reinforcement Learning helps in
maximizing the reward from every state. In this first Part, we
will implement a Reinforcement-Learning model to build an
AI for Self Driving Car. Project will be focusing on the brain
of the car not any graphics. The car will detect obstacles and
take basic actions. To make autonomous car or self-driving
car a reality, some of the factors to be considered are human
safety and quality of life.
Assignment
Identifying the market opportunity / Low-fidelity Prototype due / testing your value proposition with customers
Technology Entrepreneurship,
Stanford
Investigations of Drag and Lift Forces Over the Profiles of Car Using CFDijsrd.com
Aerodynamic characteristics of racing car are of significant interest in reducing racing accidents due to wind loading and save the fuel consumption. This work outlines the process taken to optimize the geometry of a vehicle. Vertices and edges of car were imported into GAMBIT and a computational domain is created. An unstructured triangular mesh was then applied. The goal is to obtain a better flow around the car model to lower the coefficient of drag force; the work is carried out in a ANSYS CFD FLUENT program towards a converged solution. These practices are helpful to redesign existing vehicles in order to improve handling and increase fuel efficiency. In the present work an attempt has been made by considering three models of car by varying speed of vehicle, the pressure coefficients and drag coefficients are obtained.
1. Driving Simulators
A. Virtual reality is fast becoming a new and favorite form of entertainment. However, simulators are now being
adapted for serious goals as well: amongst other things, to teach, train and test driving skills.
B. A driving simulator includes a chair that looks like a driver's seat, a steering wheel, brakes and other
features such as speedometer, headlights and directional lights. The simulator's advantages are many and
varied.
C. The first advantage is that this device generates real-life situations on alternating levels - from cruising down
a quiet country road to weaving through the city center at 5 p.m.; or from driving in ideal weather conditions
to driving on icy roads at night. __________ if the driver is involved in an "accident", the sequence can be
screened again so as to avoid the same mistake in the future.
D. In addition, this new device will reduce the congestion (not to mention the pollution) on the roads by
reducing the number of "learners." Furthermore, the national saving on petrol will be enormous.
E. Finally, once driving simulators become available for home use, learning to drive will become cheaper and
more accessible. Although the actual license will continue to be restricted by age, now everyone can practice
driving before getting on the road. Furthermore, drivers who have been involved in accidents will be able to
practice driving in potentially dangerous situations. In addition, older drivers who have experienced health
changes will benefit from practice on the simulator and be able to regain confidence while driving in safe
conditions. Driving instructors may not welcome the advance of this technology, but it is definitely here to stay.
2. Each Question is worth 10 points.
1. What is the main idea of paragraph A?
a. Virtual reality is a new form of entertainment.
b. Many people are using simulator for fun.
c. Simulators are being used for serious goals.
d. Simulators can be used to teach and test driving skills.
2. What does the word "things" in paragraph A refer to?
a. serious goals
b. driving skills
c. forms of entertainment
d. teaching, training and testing
3. Which of the following does a driving simulator not include?
a. brakes
b. headlights
c. a steering wheel
d. a radio
4. Which of the following terms can be placed in the blank space in paragraph C
a. However
b. Even though
c. For example
d. Moreover
5. Why is the word "accident" (line 8) in quotation marks?
a. It is only virtual reality.
b. It is the other car driver's fault.
c. It is not an accident but rather deliberate.
d. It is because of a malfunction of the simulator.
6. The words "this new device" (line 10) refer to
a. the simulator
b. the congestion
c. the pollution
d. the sequence
7. Give three advantages of "this new device":
a. _________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________
c. __________________ _______________________________________
8. How will older drivers in paragraph E benefit from practicing on the driving simulator?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. Which other groups of people will benefit from practicing on the driving simulator?
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________
10. Fill in the blank space.
__________________________ are likely to be against the use of driving simulators.