Adverse drug reactions of pharmacological drugs used in medicine

1. Adverse Drug reaction
Presented by: Anish Dhakal (Aryan)
MBBS Student
Patan Academy of Health Sciences

2. Objectives:
• Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR)
• Classification of ADR

3. Adverse drug reaction
• any noxious change which is suspected to be due to a
drug
• occurs at doses normally used in man
• requires treatment or decrease in dose or indicates
caution in the future use of the same drug

6. Categories of ADR
• Being more specific ADR can be classified into
12 different headings

7. Side effects:
• Unwanted but unavoidable
• Predictable from
pharmacodynamic profile of
drug

8. Secondary Effects(Indirect results)

9. Toxic Effects(excessive use)

10. Intolerance
• It is the appearance of characteristic toxic effects
of a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses
• It is the converse of tolerance and indicates a
low threshold of the individual to the action of a
drug

11. Idiosyncrasy
• genetically determined abnormal reactivity to a
chemical
• The drug interacts with some unique feature of
the individual

12. Drug allergy
• immunologically
mediated reaction
• producing
stereotype
symptoms which
are unrelated to the
pharmacodynamic
profile of the drug
• Humoral and cell-
mediated

13. Photosensitivity:
• Phototoxic
• Photoallergic

14. Drug dependance & Drug withdrawl
• Use of drug for
personal satisfaction
lead to physical and
psychological
dependence
• Sudden interruption
of therapy also have
adverse effects

15. Teratogenicity:

17. Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity

18. Drug induced diseases

19. ADR in Clinical Practice