This document provides an introduction to the Transport in Permeable Media (TPM) group at Eindhoven University of Technology. TPM uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to study transport phenomena in porous materials. They have developed their own NMR equipment to study real-world materials that cannot be analyzed with standard NMR methods. Their unique infrastructure allows them to visualize processes at micrometer to millimeter scales. TPM research aims to advance materials technology through understanding transport physics in porous media.
The document summarizes the activities of the Polymer Physics, Elastomers and Energy Department at ICTP. The department focuses on developing new elastomeric materials and conducting polymers for energy applications. It has two main research groups: the Elastomers Group, which studies elastomer structure-property relationships and new elastomers; and the Energy Applications Group, which develops electrodes and electrolytes for batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.
Perovskite solar cells have risen rapidly in power conversion efficiency over the past six years, surpassing 22%. However, stability issues remain a key barrier to commercialization. The Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials at EPFL Valais Wallis in Switzerland, led by Prof. Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, is working to advance perovskite solar cell stability through several approaches: developing new hole transport materials and surface passivation layers, growing high-quality films through vacuum sublimation, and unveiling fundamental photophysical properties to guide device design. The group aims to realize highly efficient, stable and non-toxic perovskite solar cells for low-cost renewable energy applications.
NTNU is Norway's largest public university with over 20,000 students. It has a broad range of academic programs across seven faculties and conducts research through 63 departments. NTNU emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and has partnerships with over 200 universities globally. Key activities include undergraduate and graduate education, awarding over 2,800 degrees annually, and conducting research through projects, publications, and its three Centers of Excellence.
The University Technology Transfer Centre (UTTC)
is part of the University; it provides students, PhD
candidates, and researchers with comprehensive
support at every stage of innovation development
– from the pre-incubation of ideas, to international
patent protection, company start-ups, and
initiating business contacts.
This document provides an overview of the Final Report of COST Action E54 "Characterisation of the fine structure and properties of papermaking fibres using new technologies". It discusses the objectives and activities of the three working groups in the Action, which focused on developing analytical methods for characterizing pulp fibres, applying microsystem technologies to study individual fibres, and examining how fibre fine structure impacts papermaking properties. The document outlines the meetings, workshops and participants in the Action over four years. It introduces the book that was produced, which is divided into three chapters covering advanced fibre analysis methods, new techniques like microrobotics, and results from standard pulp and paper tests on various fibre samples. In summary, the Action generated new
The document provides information on 9 research laboratories located at Institut Galilée, University Paris 13. It summarizes the focus and activities of each laboratory, including their areas of research expertise and the fields and topics studied. The laboratories cover various areas of science such as physics, optics, mechanics, materials science, computing, signal processing, and biomaterials.
This document provides a summary of the professional experience of Lavinia Elena Nistor, Ph.D. It outlines her work in research and development roles focused on non-volatile memory technologies like resistive RAM and phase change RAM. Some of her responsibilities included writing documentation, characterizing deposited alloys, and developing sputtering processes. She also has experience with magnetic random access memory projects involving characterization of magnetic tunnel junctions and translating results into tool and process solutions. Her education includes a PhD in Materials Science and experience in related research internships and associations.
The document summarizes the activities of the Polymer Physics, Elastomers and Energy Department at ICTP. The department focuses on developing new elastomeric materials and conducting polymers for energy applications. It has two main research groups: the Elastomers Group, which studies elastomer structure-property relationships and new elastomers; and the Energy Applications Group, which develops electrodes and electrolytes for batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells.
Perovskite solar cells have risen rapidly in power conversion efficiency over the past six years, surpassing 22%. However, stability issues remain a key barrier to commercialization. The Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials at EPFL Valais Wallis in Switzerland, led by Prof. Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, is working to advance perovskite solar cell stability through several approaches: developing new hole transport materials and surface passivation layers, growing high-quality films through vacuum sublimation, and unveiling fundamental photophysical properties to guide device design. The group aims to realize highly efficient, stable and non-toxic perovskite solar cells for low-cost renewable energy applications.
NTNU is Norway's largest public university with over 20,000 students. It has a broad range of academic programs across seven faculties and conducts research through 63 departments. NTNU emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and has partnerships with over 200 universities globally. Key activities include undergraduate and graduate education, awarding over 2,800 degrees annually, and conducting research through projects, publications, and its three Centers of Excellence.
The University Technology Transfer Centre (UTTC)
is part of the University; it provides students, PhD
candidates, and researchers with comprehensive
support at every stage of innovation development
– from the pre-incubation of ideas, to international
patent protection, company start-ups, and
initiating business contacts.
This document provides an overview of the Final Report of COST Action E54 "Characterisation of the fine structure and properties of papermaking fibres using new technologies". It discusses the objectives and activities of the three working groups in the Action, which focused on developing analytical methods for characterizing pulp fibres, applying microsystem technologies to study individual fibres, and examining how fibre fine structure impacts papermaking properties. The document outlines the meetings, workshops and participants in the Action over four years. It introduces the book that was produced, which is divided into three chapters covering advanced fibre analysis methods, new techniques like microrobotics, and results from standard pulp and paper tests on various fibre samples. In summary, the Action generated new
The document provides information on 9 research laboratories located at Institut Galilée, University Paris 13. It summarizes the focus and activities of each laboratory, including their areas of research expertise and the fields and topics studied. The laboratories cover various areas of science such as physics, optics, mechanics, materials science, computing, signal processing, and biomaterials.
This document provides a summary of the professional experience of Lavinia Elena Nistor, Ph.D. It outlines her work in research and development roles focused on non-volatile memory technologies like resistive RAM and phase change RAM. Some of her responsibilities included writing documentation, characterizing deposited alloys, and developing sputtering processes. She also has experience with magnetic random access memory projects involving characterization of magnetic tunnel junctions and translating results into tool and process solutions. Her education includes a PhD in Materials Science and experience in related research internships and associations.
Dytan: A Generic Dynamic Taint Analysis Framework (ISSTA 2007)James Clause
Dytan is a generic dynamic taint analysis framework that provides flexibility, ease of use, and accuracy. It allows users to configure taint sources, propagation policies, and sinks. The framework handles analyses at the binary level to account for actual program semantics and dependencies. Potential sources of inaccuracy include incorrectly identifying implicit operands and address generators in statements.
Introduction to numerical experiments (J.R. de Dreuzy, T. Le Borgne)jrdreuzy
Talk at the 2015 Cargese summer school on
Flow and Transport in Porous and Fractured media: Development, Protection, Management and Sequestration of Subsurface Fluids
A computational (DEM) study of fluidized beds with particle size distribution...Masayuki Horio
Numerical simulations based on three dimensional discrete element model (DEM) are conducted for the mono-disperse, binary and ternary system of particles in a fluidized bed. Fluid drag force acting on each particle depending on its size and relative velocity is assigned. An expression for the drag coefficient corresponding to Ergun’s correlation is developed and applied to the system of fluidized bed with particle size ratios of 1:1 for the mono-disperse system, 1:1.2, 1:1.4 and 1:2 for the binary system as well as 1:1.33:2 for the ternary system by keeping total volume and surface area of the particles constant. Results indicated that a reasonable estimation of modified drag force is achieved in the fluid cells. Total translational kinetic energy of particles is found to be increasing with the corresponding increase in the particle size ratio, emphasizing an enhanced momentum transfer between the particles with size distribution. Systems with wide size distribution indicated higher particle velocities around the bubble resulting in the faster bubble growth and its subsequent transition through the fluidized bed. Interesting yet promising nature of these results for the particle systems with size distribution reveals the important trends in determining mixing and segregation of particles in the fluidized bed.
This document summarizes a research project on using polymer flooding to enhance oil recovery from low permeability reservoirs. The researchers aim to optimize polymer molecular weight by combining mechanical shearing and filtration to reduce plugging. They will flood cores with polymers of varying molecular weight and characterize plugging behavior. The goal is to relate polymer and core properties to define guidelines for producing high viscosity polymers with acceptable plugging for different rock types. Preliminary experiments show mechanical shearing and filtration can control polymer molecular weight and that filtration more effectively reduces plugging than shearing. The cored tested plugged under initial conditions, and further experiments over more pore volumes are needed.
018 20160902 Machine Learning Framework for Analysis of Transport through Com...Ha Phuong
This document proposes a machine learning framework to analyze fluid flow through porous media. It involves:
1) Discrete element modeling of granular materials to generate pore structure data.
2) Finite element modeling of fluid flow simulations to calculate permeability.
3) Construction of pore and contact networks from structure data.
4) Calculation of network features like centrality measures related to permeability.
5) Feature selection and machine learning models to predict permeability from network features.
This document provides an overview of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment. MBR systems combine biological treatment with microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes to filter wastewater. This allows for very high concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids and produces high-quality effluent that can be reused. While MBRs have advantages like compact design and high treatment capacity, they also have higher capital costs and issues with membrane fouling. Currently, over 250 MBR systems are in use globally, especially in Japan and India for water recycling.
Pore-scale direct simulation of flow and transport in porous mediasreejithpk78
The document summarizes a PhD thesis defense presentation on pore-scale direct numerical simulation of flow and transport in porous media. The presentation covers developing pore-scale models using an unfitted discontinuous Galerkin method to simulate single-phase flow and solute transport through porous media. It also discusses using the results to determine macroscopic parameters like permeability and dispersion coefficients to improve understanding of how pore structure influences flow and transport behavior.
Slow sand filters use mechanical, biological, and sedimentation processes to purify water. They strain out particles and allow sedimentation to remove suspended solids through the slow movement of water. Biological action from microorganisms in the top layers of sand further purify the water through decomposition of organic matter.
The document describes the product development process at an organization. It details that the product development team consists of 250 engineers, including 100 design engineers, 80 R&D engineers, and 70 test engineers and technicians. Design engineers are split into project teams typically led by a project manager and senior design engineers, and work on iterative development phases from initial concepts to production.
This document discusses filtration theory, including definitions of filtration, objectives of filtration, types of filtration collections and fibers used. It describes filtration efficiencies of different collector types and how yarn characteristics and weaves influence efficiency. The document outlines manufacturing methods, classifications of filtration, design considerations and testing of filters. It concludes that the optimal filter fabric depends on the specific use and conditions.
This document discusses various types of water filtration methods. It covers slow sand filters, rapid gravity filters, and membrane filters. It describes the key components of rapid gravity filters, including the filter bed, graded gravel layers, underdrain system, and water reservoir. It also discusses the mechanisms of filtration and cleaning through backwashing. The document provides details on factors that affect filter hydraulics and backwashing.
The forth lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics.
Fluid flow in porous media covers the basic streamline and turbulent flow models for pressure drop as a function of flow rate within the media. The Modified Reynolds number determines the degree of turbulence in the fluid. The industrial processes of deep bed (sand) filtration and fluidisation are included.
Rajat Monga, Engineering Director, TensorFlow, Google at MLconf 2016MLconf
This document provides an overview of TensorFlow, an open source machine learning framework. It discusses how machine learning systems can become complex with modeling complexity, heterogeneous systems, and distributed systems. It then summarizes key aspects of TensorFlow, including its architecture, platforms, languages, parallelism approaches, algorithms, and tooling. The document emphasizes that TensorFlow handles complexity so users can focus on their machine learning ideas.
Kalman filter - Applications in Image processingRavi Teja
The document discusses the Kalman filter, an algorithm used to estimate the state of a linear dynamic system from a series of noisy measurements. It describes how the Kalman filter uses a predictor-corrector approach with time update and measurement update equations to estimate the true state. The filter is applied to image processing to reduce noise by modeling the image as an autoregressive process and using the Kalman filter estimates. Extensions to nonlinear and complex systems using the extended and complex Kalman filters are also covered.
From common errors seen in running Spark applications, e.g., OutOfMemory, NoClassFound, disk IO bottlenecks, History Server crash, cluster under-utilization to advanced settings used to resolve large-scale Spark SQL workloads such as HDFS blocksize vs Parquet blocksize, how best to run HDFS Balancer to re-distribute file blocks, etc. you will get all the scoop in this information-packed presentation.
Raw water should be treated to make it potable/fit for drinking. So a line of treatments should be followed to treat the water. After Coagulation and sedimentation the process of filtration and disinfection are followed.
This document discusses filtration principles and parameters for process design. It defines filtration as separating solids from liquid using a porous medium, outlines key factors like filter type and cake formation. The document also describes Darcy's law governing filtration rate based on properties like pressure, area and viscosity. Process design parameters discussed include feed characterization like particle size and shape, while equipment design considerations cover throughput, filtration time and whether washing is needed.
This document discusses various types of filtration processes. It begins by defining filtration as the separation of solids from a liquid suspension using a porous medium. It then describes different filter media types, including cake filters, clarifying filters, cross-flow filters, and ultrafilters. The document provides equations for calculating pressure drop and flow rate during batch and continuous filtration. It also discusses specific cases like constant pressure/rate filtration of compressible vs incompressible cakes. Finally, it describes common industrial filtration equipment like plate and frame filter presses, rotary drum filters, and shell and leaf filters.
This document provides an overview of filtration, including definitions, terms, processes, mechanisms, theories, factors influencing filtration, filter media, filter aids, classifications of filtration equipment, and plate and frame filter presses. Filtration is defined as the separation of solids from fluids by passing them through a porous medium. Key points covered include common filtration mechanisms like sieving and straining, Darcy's and Kozeny-Carman equations describing filtration rates, and factors like pressure, surface area, viscosity, and properties of solids and liquids. Common filter media like woven materials, membranes, and granular solids are also described.
LIST’s Materials Research and Technology (MRT) department translates cuttingedge materials research into applicable technology. MRT research activities focus on two Key Enabling Technologies (KETs): Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology. Its Central Materials Laboratory and Platform for Advanced Characterization offer high-level expertise and equipment to industry.
More information at LIST.lu/mrt
The document discusses the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP) in Madrid, Spain. The main objective of ICTP is the scientific and technological advancement of polymeric materials through research and development. This is pursued through research projects, scientific advice, training, promotion of polymer science, and technology transfer. ICTP is divided into five research departments covering areas like elastomers, energy applications, polymer physics, polymeric nanomaterials, and applied macromolecular chemistry.
Dytan: A Generic Dynamic Taint Analysis Framework (ISSTA 2007)James Clause
Dytan is a generic dynamic taint analysis framework that provides flexibility, ease of use, and accuracy. It allows users to configure taint sources, propagation policies, and sinks. The framework handles analyses at the binary level to account for actual program semantics and dependencies. Potential sources of inaccuracy include incorrectly identifying implicit operands and address generators in statements.
Introduction to numerical experiments (J.R. de Dreuzy, T. Le Borgne)jrdreuzy
Talk at the 2015 Cargese summer school on
Flow and Transport in Porous and Fractured media: Development, Protection, Management and Sequestration of Subsurface Fluids
A computational (DEM) study of fluidized beds with particle size distribution...Masayuki Horio
Numerical simulations based on three dimensional discrete element model (DEM) are conducted for the mono-disperse, binary and ternary system of particles in a fluidized bed. Fluid drag force acting on each particle depending on its size and relative velocity is assigned. An expression for the drag coefficient corresponding to Ergun’s correlation is developed and applied to the system of fluidized bed with particle size ratios of 1:1 for the mono-disperse system, 1:1.2, 1:1.4 and 1:2 for the binary system as well as 1:1.33:2 for the ternary system by keeping total volume and surface area of the particles constant. Results indicated that a reasonable estimation of modified drag force is achieved in the fluid cells. Total translational kinetic energy of particles is found to be increasing with the corresponding increase in the particle size ratio, emphasizing an enhanced momentum transfer between the particles with size distribution. Systems with wide size distribution indicated higher particle velocities around the bubble resulting in the faster bubble growth and its subsequent transition through the fluidized bed. Interesting yet promising nature of these results for the particle systems with size distribution reveals the important trends in determining mixing and segregation of particles in the fluidized bed.
This document summarizes a research project on using polymer flooding to enhance oil recovery from low permeability reservoirs. The researchers aim to optimize polymer molecular weight by combining mechanical shearing and filtration to reduce plugging. They will flood cores with polymers of varying molecular weight and characterize plugging behavior. The goal is to relate polymer and core properties to define guidelines for producing high viscosity polymers with acceptable plugging for different rock types. Preliminary experiments show mechanical shearing and filtration can control polymer molecular weight and that filtration more effectively reduces plugging than shearing. The cored tested plugged under initial conditions, and further experiments over more pore volumes are needed.
018 20160902 Machine Learning Framework for Analysis of Transport through Com...Ha Phuong
This document proposes a machine learning framework to analyze fluid flow through porous media. It involves:
1) Discrete element modeling of granular materials to generate pore structure data.
2) Finite element modeling of fluid flow simulations to calculate permeability.
3) Construction of pore and contact networks from structure data.
4) Calculation of network features like centrality measures related to permeability.
5) Feature selection and machine learning models to predict permeability from network features.
This document provides an overview of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment. MBR systems combine biological treatment with microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes to filter wastewater. This allows for very high concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids and produces high-quality effluent that can be reused. While MBRs have advantages like compact design and high treatment capacity, they also have higher capital costs and issues with membrane fouling. Currently, over 250 MBR systems are in use globally, especially in Japan and India for water recycling.
Pore-scale direct simulation of flow and transport in porous mediasreejithpk78
The document summarizes a PhD thesis defense presentation on pore-scale direct numerical simulation of flow and transport in porous media. The presentation covers developing pore-scale models using an unfitted discontinuous Galerkin method to simulate single-phase flow and solute transport through porous media. It also discusses using the results to determine macroscopic parameters like permeability and dispersion coefficients to improve understanding of how pore structure influences flow and transport behavior.
Slow sand filters use mechanical, biological, and sedimentation processes to purify water. They strain out particles and allow sedimentation to remove suspended solids through the slow movement of water. Biological action from microorganisms in the top layers of sand further purify the water through decomposition of organic matter.
The document describes the product development process at an organization. It details that the product development team consists of 250 engineers, including 100 design engineers, 80 R&D engineers, and 70 test engineers and technicians. Design engineers are split into project teams typically led by a project manager and senior design engineers, and work on iterative development phases from initial concepts to production.
This document discusses filtration theory, including definitions of filtration, objectives of filtration, types of filtration collections and fibers used. It describes filtration efficiencies of different collector types and how yarn characteristics and weaves influence efficiency. The document outlines manufacturing methods, classifications of filtration, design considerations and testing of filters. It concludes that the optimal filter fabric depends on the specific use and conditions.
This document discusses various types of water filtration methods. It covers slow sand filters, rapid gravity filters, and membrane filters. It describes the key components of rapid gravity filters, including the filter bed, graded gravel layers, underdrain system, and water reservoir. It also discusses the mechanisms of filtration and cleaning through backwashing. The document provides details on factors that affect filter hydraulics and backwashing.
The forth lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics.
Fluid flow in porous media covers the basic streamline and turbulent flow models for pressure drop as a function of flow rate within the media. The Modified Reynolds number determines the degree of turbulence in the fluid. The industrial processes of deep bed (sand) filtration and fluidisation are included.
Rajat Monga, Engineering Director, TensorFlow, Google at MLconf 2016MLconf
This document provides an overview of TensorFlow, an open source machine learning framework. It discusses how machine learning systems can become complex with modeling complexity, heterogeneous systems, and distributed systems. It then summarizes key aspects of TensorFlow, including its architecture, platforms, languages, parallelism approaches, algorithms, and tooling. The document emphasizes that TensorFlow handles complexity so users can focus on their machine learning ideas.
Kalman filter - Applications in Image processingRavi Teja
The document discusses the Kalman filter, an algorithm used to estimate the state of a linear dynamic system from a series of noisy measurements. It describes how the Kalman filter uses a predictor-corrector approach with time update and measurement update equations to estimate the true state. The filter is applied to image processing to reduce noise by modeling the image as an autoregressive process and using the Kalman filter estimates. Extensions to nonlinear and complex systems using the extended and complex Kalman filters are also covered.
From common errors seen in running Spark applications, e.g., OutOfMemory, NoClassFound, disk IO bottlenecks, History Server crash, cluster under-utilization to advanced settings used to resolve large-scale Spark SQL workloads such as HDFS blocksize vs Parquet blocksize, how best to run HDFS Balancer to re-distribute file blocks, etc. you will get all the scoop in this information-packed presentation.
Raw water should be treated to make it potable/fit for drinking. So a line of treatments should be followed to treat the water. After Coagulation and sedimentation the process of filtration and disinfection are followed.
This document discusses filtration principles and parameters for process design. It defines filtration as separating solids from liquid using a porous medium, outlines key factors like filter type and cake formation. The document also describes Darcy's law governing filtration rate based on properties like pressure, area and viscosity. Process design parameters discussed include feed characterization like particle size and shape, while equipment design considerations cover throughput, filtration time and whether washing is needed.
This document discusses various types of filtration processes. It begins by defining filtration as the separation of solids from a liquid suspension using a porous medium. It then describes different filter media types, including cake filters, clarifying filters, cross-flow filters, and ultrafilters. The document provides equations for calculating pressure drop and flow rate during batch and continuous filtration. It also discusses specific cases like constant pressure/rate filtration of compressible vs incompressible cakes. Finally, it describes common industrial filtration equipment like plate and frame filter presses, rotary drum filters, and shell and leaf filters.
This document provides an overview of filtration, including definitions, terms, processes, mechanisms, theories, factors influencing filtration, filter media, filter aids, classifications of filtration equipment, and plate and frame filter presses. Filtration is defined as the separation of solids from fluids by passing them through a porous medium. Key points covered include common filtration mechanisms like sieving and straining, Darcy's and Kozeny-Carman equations describing filtration rates, and factors like pressure, surface area, viscosity, and properties of solids and liquids. Common filter media like woven materials, membranes, and granular solids are also described.
LIST’s Materials Research and Technology (MRT) department translates cuttingedge materials research into applicable technology. MRT research activities focus on two Key Enabling Technologies (KETs): Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology. Its Central Materials Laboratory and Platform for Advanced Characterization offer high-level expertise and equipment to industry.
More information at LIST.lu/mrt
The document discusses the Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP) in Madrid, Spain. The main objective of ICTP is the scientific and technological advancement of polymeric materials through research and development. This is pursued through research projects, scientific advice, training, promotion of polymer science, and technology transfer. ICTP is divided into five research departments covering areas like elastomers, energy applications, polymer physics, polymeric nanomaterials, and applied macromolecular chemistry.
Dr. Mohan Babu Kuppam has received a PhD in physics from Grenoble University in France. He completed his PhD thesis on modeling ultrafast optoelectronic devices for RF signal processing and characterizing nanomaterials using optical and THz spectroscopy techniques. He has expertise in THz time-domain spectroscopy, optical pump-probe spectroscopy, and modeling electromagnetic devices. He has published several papers in these areas and presented his research at various conferences.
This E-nano Newsletter issue contains the Strategic Research Agenda for Nanophononics, one of the main outputs of the EUPHONON coordination action (www.euphonon.eu); EU project with the mission to build a European Community for Nanophononics. The main objective of the Nanophononics Strategic Research Agenda is to define the role and impact of nanophononics in today’s society and in the industry. It is expected to give insight to the potential of the field to improve the properties of current information technology devices, enhance energy efficiency and advance the health and well-being and safety. In addition research highlights from top-level research institutions worldwide such as MANA/NIMS (Japan) and CIC nanoGUNE (Spain) are presented.
D01L10 G Ristic - Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at the Faculty of Electron...SEENET-MTP
The Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Nis Faculty of Electronic Engineering conducts research in various fields of applied physics including semiconductor physics, gas discharges, and medical physics with a staff of 3 professors and 4 research assistants. Their research focuses on radiation effects on transistors and gas discharge processes. They received funding from the European Commission for their RADDOS project on various radiation dosimeters including pMOS, radioluminescent, thermoluminescent, and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters.
During the last decades a large effort has been invested in the development of a new
discipline devoted to benefit from optical excitations in materials where metals are
key element (Plasmonics). We will make an introduction on this topic below, but let’s
anticipate that two application areas are sensing and information technologies.
The following height extended abstracts, presented during the one-day NANOMAGMA
Symposium (Bilbao, Spain – April 13, 2011 reflects some of the latest developments on magneto-plasmonics.
In 2010 and 2011, the nanoICT project (EU/ICT/FET Coordination Action) launched
two calls for exchange visits for PhD students with the following main objectives: 1.
To perform joint work or to be trained in the leading European industrial and academic research institutions; 2. To enhance long-term collaborations within the ERA; 3. To
generate high-skilled personnel and to facilitate technology transfer;
The first outcome report was published in the issue 22 (August 2011) and this edition
contains four new articles providing insights in relevant fi elds for nanoICT.
We would like to thank all the authors who contributed to this issue as well as the European Commission for the financial support (projects nanoICT No. 216165 and NANOMAGMA No. FP7-214107-2).
Dr. Antonio Correia Editor - Phantoms Foundation
In 2012, the Danish national lab Risø's department working on fuel cell development for over 20 years merged with DTU and became the DTU Energy department. The department focuses on sustainable energy technologies including renewable energy conversion and storage. Researchers at DTU Energy work on technologies and materials for efficiently converting energy from solar and wind into storable fuels like hydrogen. The department uses industrial CT scanning to non-destructively analyze the 3D internal structures of energy materials and devices like batteries and fuel cells to help develop improved green energy solutions.
Graphene Position Paper (E-Nano Newsletter Special Issue)Phantoms Foundation
This E-nano Newsletter special issue contains the final version of the nanoICT position paper on Graphene (one-atom-thick sheet of carbon / in 2010, A.K. Geim
and K. Novoselov, were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for “groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”) summarising the
current state of progress and open perspectives concerning the emergence of graphene-based technologies and applications. This paper is a mixture between a short review of recent achievements and ingredients for the elaboration of a more specific and detailed roadmap.
This annual report from COM-DTU describes the department's activities and accomplishments in 2007. It highlights several young researchers, including their PhD work and publications. It also summarizes educational activities, such as degree projects and summer schools. COM-DTU had a productive research year, as shown in increasing publication and citation counts. The department also received donations and initiated new outreach activities to secondary schools. In 2008, COM-DTU merged with related groups at Risø-DTU to form a new, larger photonics department.
Thomas Roussel is a materials scientist who holds a doctorate from Université de la Méditerranée. He has held research positions in Spain and the US, and is currently the founding director of Baobab Company in Barcelona. The document provides details of his education, positions, merits, publications, and areas of research expertise including molecular simulation of materials and gas adsorption in porous solids.
This document summarizes the activities of the Center for Physical Sciences and Technology in Lithuania in 2015. In 2015, the Center celebrated its 5-year anniversary and moved to new buildings equipped with modern scientific infrastructure. The Center focuses its research on topics such as optoelectronics, laser technologies, materials science, and applications of these areas. It aims to advance scientific research and support the development of high-tech business and knowledge-based economy in Lithuania through interdisciplinary collaboration and international partnerships.
This document aims at presenting Nanophononics to attract all the relevant stakeholders and help them to synergize into a vast but sound and well defined field. This call is made in direction of academic members, industries, SMEs and governmental organizations to join the European nanophononics community (www.euphonon.eu)
This document summarizes research from Bordeaux University in France related to photonics and aerospace applications. It describes three research highlights:
1) Multi-material fibers being developed at ICMCB laboratory to create flexible, lightweight materials for aerospace using a new fiber-drawing platform. This could enable new fiber components for applications like sensors.
2) THz non-destructive testing of composite aircraft structures being used at IMS laboratory to inspect for defects, offering safe inspection without contact. Results from an EU project show it can detect issues like delamination down to microns.
3) Physics of failure modeling and experimental characterization of optoelectronic devices for aerospace applications like satellites being done at IMS
This document summarizes research on developing multi-responsive nanocomposites using ionic interactions. Specifically:
1) Nanocomposites were created using imidazolium-functionalized polymers and sulfonated silica nanoparticles, allowing ionic interactions that endow the materials with properties like shape memory and self-healing.
2) These ionic interactions were shown to facilitate shape memory by serving as a permanent network and preventing permanent slippage.
3) The nanocomposites were highly stretchable, tough, and resilient, with properties dependent on the concentration of sulfonated silica nanoparticles.
4) Ionic composite hydrogels were also 3D printed with high resolution,
Panagiotis Mougkogiannis has extensive experience in materials analysis, organic polymer synthesis, and analytical chemistry. He has a PhD focusing on printable chemical sensors using organic field effect transistors. His background includes experiments on crystal growth and dissolution kinetics, conductivity measurements, electrochemical anodization, and reactive calcium carbonate synthesis. He has published papers and presented research at conferences on topics like conducting polymers and calcium carbonate structural analysis.
OPTIC NANO Consult S.A.R.L provides scientific support in spectroscopic ellipsometry and polarimetry metrology for thin films and new materials. It was founded in 2011 and collaborates with research institutes, laboratories, and foundries. OPTIC NANO aims to give expert attention and advice within global research projects, using complementary advanced measurement techniques and modeling to investigate new products and materials while preserving confidentiality. The company's expertise comes from years of research experience in optics and relationships with instrument developers.
2012 and 2013 have been important years for the growth of the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics - Chair «Gaz Naturel» Petrosvibri.
The report highlights our activities in research, teaching and services during this period.
This paper represent the innovative trends
and aspect of green nanotechnology development
challenges and opportunities in the field of alternative
technology to assist in future developments in this field.
There are various innovative applications of green Nanotechnology
in different- different fields like Energy,
Medicine and Drugs, Nano bio-technology, Nano devices,
Optical Engineering, Defence & Security, Bio
Engineering,Cosmetics,Nano Fabrics etc. Nanotechnology
improves the process of production and also improves the
quality of products. It works at the molecular level and
utilizes the more advanced concept, idea and research for
the development of different fields and production.
INNOVATIVE TRENDS AND ASPECT OF GREEN NANO-TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES...
Adan boekje final 11-10-2013
1. Magnetised by things that matter
Introducing Transport in Permeable Media
Department of Applied Physics
Eindhoven University of Technology
2. colophon
October 2013
TPM Transport in Permeable Media
Department of Applied Physics
Eindhoven University of Technology
P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven
The Netherlands
T: +31 40 247 4248
E: secretariaat.tpm@tue.nl
Graphic design:
Rob Samson
Photography:
Bart van Overbeeke (page 1; 4-5; 6-7; 8-9;
14-15; 18)
Timo Nijland (page 10, right)
AkzoNobel (page 11, left; 12)
TU/e Multi-Scale Lab Mechanics of
Materials (page 11, right)
Photographic design:
Melanie Rijkers (page 10-11)
3. It is our pleasure to introduce the Group Transport in Permeable Media TPM, a group
embedded in the research cluster Flow of the Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven
University of Technology.
Who we are
October 2013, TPM offers a dynamic habitat to a group of 15 PhD students and 3
post-doc positions with a scientific staff consisting of 1 professor (prof.dr. Olaf Adan),
1 associate professor (dr. Leo Pel), 1 assistant professor (dr. Henk Huinink), and 3
supporting staff members (Jef Noijen, Hans Dalderop and our secretary Wendy van
Gangelen). Three industrial fellows, seconded by TNO (dr. Bart Erich), AkzoNobel (Leo
van der Ven) and Océ (dr. Nicolae Tomozeiu) respectively, expand the scientific staff,
reflecting our use-inspired research approach.
In the past decade, the group exposed its vitality, not only reflected in a steep increase
in our project portfolio and, correspondingly, group size, but also in expansion of our
experimental infrastructure that ultimately developed into a new state-of-the-art lab at
the TU/e campus in 2013.
Our mission
Our mission is to advance materials technology through an in-depth understanding of
transport physics in permeable media, in support of various technology domains, such as
high tech materials, petro physics and thermal energy storage. The interaction between
transport of fluids and solutes, phase changes and material response on different scale
levels -typically in the micrometer to millimeter range- forms the core of our research
activities. Inherently, interdisciplinarity is in TPMs genes, encompassing transport
physics, materials science, chemistry and biology. This booklet contains some of our
research highlights.
Our unique position
The experiment is at the heart of the group, which is due to the unique opportunities of
our MRI infrastructure, consisting of nine home-built or -modified scanners operating
at fields ranging from 0.7 – 4.7 T. As the group has the know-how to develop dedicated
NMR equipment, fitted to a particular research question, it has been able to achieve
a position at the interface of materials science and NMR imaging. The hardware and
software of our equipment enable studies of a large variety of technologically relevant
materials. These often contain magnetic impurities, which precludes the use of standard
NMR techniques that are applied by most other groups that study porous materials.
Our infrastructure covers a wide range of length and time scales. The group owns two
of the three GARField set-ups in the world that are able to visualise processes with a
resolution down to a micrometer scale. Our project portfolio points out the potential
industrial added value of these unique features.
Welcome
4. TPM is positioned at the crossroad of materials science, porous media, and experimental
physics. In the area of porous media, progress in fundamental understanding is highly
accelerated by advanced experimental tools enabling non-invasive monitoring. This is
where the TPM group brings added value through the combination of NMR imaging
with physical modelling. Our experimental strength enables us to bridge the gap between
model systems and real materials, creating a beneficial position in view of valorisation.
Our approach
TPMs research profile is based on use-inspired basic research. Consequently, interaction
with industrial players forms a cornerstone in our approach. We believe that industrial
cooperation should preferably be embedded in partnerships to create a real breeding
ground for our contribution to industrial innovation. For this reason, fruitful
partnerships exist with TNO, AkzoNobel and Océ, via secondment of employees in our
staff. Next to that, our project portfolio is a balance of funding flows (i.e. so-called 2nd
and 3rd indirect funding flows), containing project-based ventures with a wide range of
industrial players.
Cooperation with academic partners forms a prerequisite to deal with the complexity
and multidisciplinarity of use-inspired challenges. Next to obvious departmental
interaction with groups like Mesoscopic Transport Phenomena, TPM cooperates with
the Departments of Chemical Engineering (coatings and thin films), Mechanical
Engineering (thermal storage and conversion) and Mathematics and Computer Science.
5. Joint projects are carried out with Delft University, Utrecht University and CBS-KNAW
Fungal Biodiversity Centre. TPM is embedded in the J.M. Burgers Center - Research
School for Fluid Mechanics - and has a solid international network with academic
partners, such as Princeton University USA.
Our vision
TPM widens its research scope to thermal energy storage materials, anticipating the
industrial and societal priorities identified in the national (i.e. High Tech and Energy
Sectors) and the European (i.e. Horizon2020) innovation agendas. Our dream is to
contribute to the thermal battery, a breakthrough solution to realise the 2050 energy
targets, efficiently using low temperature solar heat. We are well positioned. The step
towards the next generation of high energy density materials deals with transport
phenomena and phase transitions. This is in line with our core expertise and our high
field NMR infrastructure will facilitate a leap in understanding.
Such ambitions cannot be realised alone. We aim for a joint TU/e effort, bringing
Departmental Groups and key industrial players together in a cooperative research
approach, fully embedded in the Strategic Area Energy of Eindhoven University of
Technology.
TPM: magnetised by things that matter. Magnetised by energy.
6.
7. Transport in permeable media
The migration of water and ions in a variety of permeable media, encompassing
concrete, organic coatings, biofilms and paper, is the main topic of research in the group
TPM. Modelling of such transport phenomena goes hand in hand with adequate and
quantitative measuring. We use Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), allowing us to
monitor transport in non-transparent material.
Imaging with NMR
NMR imaging uses the fact that nuclei resonate in a magnetic field with a certain
frequency. By varying the field with position, nuclei will resonate with different
frequencies corresponding to their position. Images (3D) or profiles (1D) can be
obtained through analysis of the frequency spectrum.
Standard NMR techniques cannot be used to study technologically relevant materials
considering that many of them may include magnetic impurities, apart from the fact that
such techniques can hardly be used to acquire quantitative data. E.g. iron oxides, causing
the red colour of fired-clay brick, mess up the magnetic field, so high static field gradients
are needed to get significant resolution.
Building our own NMR devices
Therefore, in the early 90’s the group started to develop its own dedicated NMR setups
for quantitative measuring in a wide range of length and time scales. Large continuous
gradients from 0.3 T/m up to about 40 T/m characterize the equipment, giving a
spatial resolution range in the order of 1 millimeter down to 6 micrometer. To obtain
quantitative data, we use a so-called Faraday shield in the LC circuit.
More than just water transport
TPM was amongst the first to develop a setup for simultaneous measurement of
hydrogen atoms (water) and ions like Na, Li and Cl, allowing the coupled study of
components in porous media. We use a specially designed RF circuit of which the
tuned LC circuit of the NMR setup can be toggled between the resonance frequencies.
Furthermore, dedicated set-ups are available now for accurately controlled humidity and
temperature loads of sample, including extreme conditions mimicking fire loads. Further,
we use in many cases NMR imaging in combination with NMR relaxometry to clarify
how water changes the state of a material during transport.
Unique NMR imaging infrastructure
13. It is without any doubt that the future will be based on renewable energy. Europe and
many of its member states individually -amongst which the Netherlands- have set
ambitious goals, targeting energy and CO2 neutrality in 2050, and intermediate goals of
a substantial reduction (16-20%) in the short term (i.e. 2020).
Need for seasonal thermal energy storage
This transition of fossil based into renewable energy supply requires more than energy
sources. Energy storage plays a pivotal role in large scale implementation of renewables,
tuning non-synchronised energy supply and demand. For the short term, i.e. diurnal
fluctuations, electrical batteries are a proven concept of energy storage. For long
term storage, i.e. seasonal heat storage, storage into electrical batteries is not suitable,
considering the relatively high energy losses within such time scales.
A promising candidate
Presently, the most promising candidate for seasonal and high density heat storage is
Thermo Chemical Energy Storage (TCES). Typical examples of a class of TCES material
are salt hydrates, based on the reversible sorption of water vapour in the crystalline
structure. While a salt crystal hydrates, energy is released, and when heat is added the
crystal is forced to dehydrate under influence of dry air. This is known for several decades.
Findings underline the immaturity of nowadays technology, pointing out main challenges
with respect to stable long term performance, kinetics and operation temperatures.
Multiscale, material and flow
The usual core of a storage device using the TCES concept consists of packed beds of
particles. Phase transformations are triggered in these particles by changing the humidity
of the air that flows through the reactor. On atomic scales, the lattice structure of the
particles changes due to incorporation or disappearance of water molecules. These
processes manifest themselves as morphological and volume changes of the particles,
leading to structural changes in the particle packing and/or arrangement. This interacts
with the flow paths through the particle beds and thereby influences the reactor efficiency.
Our entry point
The group TPM is well positioned to play a role in the area of TCES technology. It has a
long tradition in studying transport processes and phase transformations in porous media.
The group has unique NMR facilities to investigate the molecular behaviour of water in
TCES materials. A first PhD project is exploring (de)hydration of salts and experimental
and computational projects will be initiated to study processes down to molecular length
scales together with the group Mesoscopic Transport Phenomena, Applied Physics, and
the Energy Technology group, Mechanical Engineering.
Moving into energy storage
17. Salt crystals may damage
Crystallization of salts (i.e. NaCl, Na2
SO4
) is a common cause of porous material
degradation. When water enters the pore system, salts in the material dissolve. Due to
temperature drops or evaporation, the salt recrystallizes given that the solubility limit is
exceeded. For decades it was speculated that the exert pressure of growing crystals on the
pore surface causes structural damage. This hypothesis could not be verified due to the
lack of experimental data on the time evolution of salt and water distributions.
Measuring of salt crystallization
TPM developed a NMR set-up to image 23
Na and 1
H simultaneously, enabling
monitoring of the time evolution of Na+
concentration profiles in water. As the sodium
signal per nuclei is a factor of ten lower, imaging sodium profiles required far more
sensitive equipment. We proved experimentally that certain salts supersaturate, which is a
signature of crystallization pressure.
The key: crystal phases
Furthermore, apparently, expected crystal phases are not always formed. Na2
SO4
crystallized in the so-called heptahydrate form, whereas normally this salt crystallizes in
the decahydrate form (mirabilite). This finding was key for understanding why Na2
SO4
is such a damaging salt. The heptahydrate has a higher solubility than mirabilite and
therefore a high supersaturation with respect to mirabilite is maintained given that
initially heptahydrate crystals are formed. Consequently, stress of the porous matrix
sustains for a longer period.
[1] L. Pel, H.P. Huinink, K. Kopinga; Ion transport and crystallization in inorganic building materials as
studied by nuclear magnetic resonance; Applied Physics Letters, 81, 2893 (2002).
[2] L.A. Rijniers, H.P. Huinink, L. Pel, K. Kopinga, Experimental Evidence of Crystallization Pressure
inside Porous Media, Physical Review Letters, 94, 75503 (2005).
[3] L.A. Rijniers, H.P. Huinink, L. Pel, K. Kopinga, Salt crystallization as damage mechanism in porous
building materials - a nuclear magnetic resonance study, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 23, 273 (2005).
Crystals in pores
18.
19. Coatings protect materials, e.g. to prevent wood rot in case of wood, or to inhibit
corrosion in case of metals. Such coatings are often cross-linked polymer layers.
Understanding and improving its protective function requires a profound insight in its
barrier properties. Considering a common layer thickness of 10-100 micrometer, imaging
processes in its initial (film formation) and final state are a real challenge.
New opportunities due to our GARField NMR
NMR imaging has become possible with the introduction of the GARField concept in
1999. By adapting the shape of the magnet pole tips, depth profiling with resolutions
below 10 micrometer became possible. TPM built two GARField set-ups, making it one
of the two groups in the world capable of depth profiling in coatings with micrometer
resolution. This opened the door for studying chemical reactions and water transport in
coatings.
The impact of catalysts on alkyd curing
An important class of coatings are the so-called alkyd systems. Alkyd paint hardens under
influence of oxygen. With NMR depth profiling we were able to follow the motion of
the reaction front and the hardening of the coating in presence of a cobalt catalyst. We
showed that a manganese catalyst promotes a more homogeneous cross-linking reaction
in the coating.
What attracts water in coatings
Coatings should protect a substrate against water. With our combination of NMR depth
profiling and relaxometry, simultaneously monitoring of water uptake by a coating and
tracing the molecules in the coating responsible for attracting water was possible for the
first time.
[1] S.J.F. Erich, J. Laven, L. Pel, H.P. Huinink, K. Kopinga, Dynamics of cross linking fronts in alkyd
coatings, Applied Physics Letters, 86, 134105 (2005).
[2] S.J.F. Erich, J. Laven, L. Pel, H.P. Huinink, K. Kopinga; Influence of catalyst type on the curing process
and network structure of alkyd coatings, Polymer, 47, 1141 (2006).
[3] V. Baukh, H.P. Huinink, O.C.G. Adan, S.J.F. Erich, L.G.J. van der Ven, Water -Polymer Interaction
during Water Uptake, Macromolecules, 44, 4863 (2011).
[4] N. Reuvers, H. Huinink, O.C.G. Adan, Water Plasticizes Only a Small Part of the Amorphous Phase in
Nylon-6, Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 34, 94 (2013).
Inside coatings
20.
21. Concrete is globally the most used material, only exceeded by the usage of naturally
occurring water. It is widely used to shape the infrastructure of our society, and its
fire safety has become a major societal issue. Under fire loads, concrete structures may
suddenly show thermal instability, so-called fire-spalling, which may seriously jeopardise
the structure stability. During the Channel tunnel fire in 1996 the concrete lining at
several spots was reduced from its original 40 to only 2 centimeter.
Violently boiling water
The fundamental understanding of this phenomenon is lacking, and particularly the
role of water is questioned. During fire, the pore matrix temperature quickly rises to
1200 °C or more, causing water in concrete to be superheated and to boil violently. The
consequent pressure rise due to steam generation is considered to induce stress generation
that causes explosive cracking. Verifying this hypothesis is a challenge as water transport
has to be monitored real time under extreme thermal conditions.
Extreme heating in the NMR
TPM built a set-up for mimicking fire loads of concrete within a medical NMR scanner.
The whole set-up, using focussed halogen lamps, was placed in safety cage in a super-
cooled 1.5 T magnet. For the first time ever, water transport inside porous material could
be monitored real time under such extreme conditions.
Moisture peaks associate with pressure localization
For a long time, it was assumed that moisture peaks and pressure localization go hand in
hand under elevated temperatures. For the first time our measurements prove that these
moisture peaks indeed develop at the boiling front and that pressure runs up at this front.
It remains a question whether the stress generated is sufficient to induce cracking.
[1] G.H.A. van der Heijden, R.M.W. van Bijnen, L. Pel, H.P. Huinink, Moisture transport in heated
concrete, as studied by NMR, and its consequences for fire spalling, Cement and Concrete Research,
37, 894 (2007).
[2] G.H.A. van der Heijden, L. Pel, O.C.G. Adan, Fire spalling of concrete, as studied by NMR, Cement
and Concrete Research 42 , 265 (2012).
Concrete under fire