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1. Acute Kidney injury
Dr Kaynat Anwar

5. RIFLE Criteria

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14. Investigations
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16. Emerging Biomarkers
• Creatinine elevation is a late marker for kidney dysfunction and reflects a severe reduction in
glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Consequently, a number of biomarkers are being investigated to
risk stratify and predict AKI in patients at risk for the disease.
Following are the new biomarker for detection of early AKI:
1. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)
2. Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
3. Insulinlike growth factor–binding protein 7 (IGFBP7)
4. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2)
5. Cystatin C

17. Investigations

32. Thankyou