2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
2. Transmiterea Bibliei Ebraice în timp Mai multe familii de MSS. Copii relativ fidele dar cu multe greşeli acumulate şi redactări Peste 1200 de ani de copiere neatestată material şi de acurateţe necunoscută Copiere extrem de fidelă 1400 ___1000_____500________1_______500______1000______1500_____2000 Primele copii şi trad. Găsite c. 200 AC Cele mai vechi MSS întregi c. 900 AD Scrierea Bibliei Ebraice c. 1400 – c. 400 AC Tiparul
3. Cel mai vechi text biblic descoperit Sulul de argint de la Ketef Hinnom (c. 600 +), în grafie paleo-ebraică (canaanită): „IHWHsă te binecuvânteşi să te ocrotească ! IHWH să te lumineze cu faţa Sa şi să se îndure de tine ! IHWHsă-şi înalţe faţa peste tine şi să-ţi dea pacea ! “(Dt 7:9). HWHY ]]rBY
4. MSS de la Qumran (c. 200 AC – 70 AD) Pesher Habakkuk
5. Textul Masoretic (sec. IX-X AD) Codicele din Aleppo 920 AD Codicele din St. Petersburg 1006 AD
6. Exemple de fidelitate în T Masoretic Numele lui Dawid este scris cu ortografia arhaică דוד×789, în cărţile care pretind origine preexilică (Rut–Sam–Rg–Ps–Pr–Ecl–Os–Is–Ier-Ez), şi cu ortografia târzie דויד×278 în cărţile postexilice. Eroare: 8 cazuri din 1075 (0,75%) în sensul ortografiei târzii ! Unele cărţi biblice transmise de masoreţi au fost foarte bine păstrate, cel puţin de 2100 de ani încoace.
7. Erori/modificări depistate şi corectate prin comparaţie cu Versiunile ? Geneza 4:8 hd<F'B;~t'Ayh.Biyhiy>w: wyxia' lb,h,-la, !yIq: rm,aYOw:M hdXb~twyhb yhyw hdXb hklnwyxa lbhla !yq rmaywSa LXXΚΑΙΕΙΠΕΝΚΑΙΝΠΡΟΣΑΒΕΛΤΟΝΑΔΕΛΦΟΝΑΥΤΟΥΔΙΕΛΘΩΜΕΝΕΙΣΤΟΠΕΔΙΟΝ ΚΑΙ EΓΕΝΕΤΟΕΝΤΩΕΙΝΑΙΑΥΤΟΥΣΕΝΤΩΠΕΔΙΩ Trad. „Qayn a zis fratelui său Habl: ‘Hai să mergem la câmp!’ Şi pe când erau ei la câmp... ”
8. Modificări imposibil de depistat şi corectat cu ajutorul Versiunilor ? 1 Sam 13:1 laer"f.yI-l[;%l;m' ~ynIv' yTev.W Akl.m'B. lWav' hn"v'-!B,M „Şa’ûl era în vârstă de 1 an când a devenit rege şi a domnit 2 ani peste Israel (sic.)” Unele MSS G omit în întregime textul Alte MSS G & S: „30 ani..............şi 21 ani” Soluţie: RESTAURARE CRITICĂ / SPECULATIVĂ
9. E. G. White (MS 24/1886) "The Bible is not given to us in grand superhuman language. Jesus, in order to reach man where he is, took humanity. The Bible must be given in the language of men. EVERYTHING THAT IS HUMAN IS IMPERFECT. Different meanings are expressed by the same word; there is not one word for each distinct idea. THE BIBLE WAS GIVEN FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES”.
10. E. G. White, 1S M, 1958:21 "The BIBLE is written by inspired men, but IT IS NOT GOD’S MODE OF THOUGHT AND EXPRESSION. It is that of humanity. God, as a writer, is not represented. Men will often say such an expression is not like God. But God has NOT put Himself in words, inlogic, in rhetoric, on trial in the Bible. The writers of the Bible were God's penmen, not His pen.
11. Look at the different writers.... It is not the words of the Bible that are inspired, but the men that were inspired. Inspiration acts not on the man's words or his expressions but on the man himself, who, under the influence of the Holy Ghost, is imbued with thoughts. But the words receive the impress of the individual mind. The divine mind is diffused. The DIVINE mind and will is combined with the HUMAN mind and will; THUS the utterances of the man are the word of God.”
12. E. G. White, Early Writings (1882: 220) "I saw that God had especially guarded the Bible; yet when copies of it were few, learned men had in some instances changed the words, thinking that they were making it more plain, when in reality they were mystifying that which was plain, by causing it to lean to their established views, which were governed by tradition. But I saw that the Word of God, AS A WHOLE, is a perfect CHAIN, one portion linking into and explaining another." ww.whiteestate.org/search/published_writings.asp
18. Acrostihul lui Naum (1:2 – 2:1 ?) – un puzzle stricat `yviqol.a,h' ~Wxn: !Azx] rp,se hwEn>ynI aF'm;1:1Titlu hm'xe l[;b;W hwhy ~qenO hwhy ~qenOw> aANq; lae2 IH e un D-zeu gelos şi răzbunător, IH e răzbunător şi mânios Glosă `wyb'(y>aol. aWhß rjeîAnw> wyr"c'l. hwhy ~qEnO Glosă hwhy hQ<n:y> al{ hQEn:w> x:Ko-lAdg>W ~yIP;a; %r<a, hwhy3 `wyl'g>r:l. qb;a] !n"ß['w> AKr>D: hr"['f.biW hp'WsB. Prin vijelie şi furtună are drum şi nor de praf e la picioarele Lui byrIx/h, tArh'N>h;-lk'w> WhveB.Y:w: ~Y"B; r[eAG4 Ameninţă marea şi-o usucăşi toate râurile le seacă.
19. llmau `ll'm.au !Anb'l. xr:p,W lm,r>k;w> !v'B' ll;D' S-au smerit Başanul şi Karmelul, floarea Libanului s-a vestejit. Wgg"mot.hi tA[b'G>h; lk'w> WNM,mi Wv[]r" ~yrIh'h,5 Munţii tremură de El şi dealurile se clatină ynEÜp.li6 `Hb' ybev.yOlk' Wlb.a'w> wyn"P'mi #r<a, ¿hÀa,V'Tiw: Pământul urlă dinaintea Lui şi toţi locuitorii lui jelesc APa; !Arx]B; ~Wqy" ymiW wynpl dAm[]y: ymi Am[.z: Mâniei Lui, cine poate sta? Şi cine rezistă „arderii nărilor” Lui ? `WNM,mi WcïT.nI ~yrICuh;w> vaek' hk'T.nI Atm'x] Furia Lui se revarsă ca focul şi stâncile se sfarmă din cauza Lui
20. hr"c' ~AyB. zA[m'Al yKex;m.li hwhy bAj7 Bun este IH cu cei ce-L aşteaptă, – adăpost în zi de necaz ~leyCiy: rbe[o @j,v,b.W8 `Ab ysexohwhy [;dEyOw IH cunoaşte pe cei refugiaţi în El, şi-n năvăliri îi va ocroti `%v,xo-@D<r:y> wyb'y>aow> wymqb hf,[]y: hl'K' Va nimici pe vrăjmaşii Lui, şi pe duşmani îi va goni în beznă hf,[o aWh hl'K' hw"hy>-la, !WbV.x;T.-hm;9 ~dwsy d[ hwhy r[y yk10 `hr"c' ~yIm;[]P; ymiWqt'-al{ 9c N-ai să te mai scoli, rivală, căci IH le va dezgoli temelia
21. `alem' vbey" vq:K. WlK.au~yaiWbs. ~a'b.s'k.W ~ykibus. l[y ylb #[wyh[rhwhyl[ bvexo ac'y" %Memi11 ~yBir: %meL.v;a] hwhyrma!k-l[12 Din tine a venit cel cu gând rău, de aceea te voi răsplăti cu săgeţi dA[ %tenO[u aOlk. tAN[uw> dbo['w> wzAgn" Eşti tunsă, înrobită, umilită, cum n-ai mai fost înjosită vbey" vq;K. hl'K.auw> vaeb' ht'C.nIw> hb'Wxs. Demolată şi incendiată, mistuită ca un pai uscat. `qTen:a] yM[; %ytros.AmW %yIl"['me Whjemo rBov.a, hT'[;w13 Acum sfărâm jugul lui, şi dezleg legăturile poporului Meu. %tiêNI[i’w> rb'_['w>
22. Inversat hemistihuri ~yfia’ tyrIk.a; %yIh'l{a/ tyBem~meyVia; hk'Sem;W ls,P,14DC Idolii sculptaţi şi turnaţi îi voi pierde, templul tău îl voi nimici dA[ %meV.mi [r:Z"yI al{ hwhy %yIl;[' hW"ciw14AB IH a poruncit despre tine, să nu mai rămână sămânţă de numele tău hm'm'v.li %t'Aa ~fea"w> !Tea, tAlq;yqiî %reb.qi14E Mormântul ţi-l voi face morman de scârnă, o pustie te voi face. rFeb;m. yleÛg>r: ~yrIøh'h,-l[; h“NEhi2:1 Invers stih t'ALq;yKi
23. ~lX [ymXm %yIG:x; hd"Why> yGIx' ~lXwrytb ynr ynr Cântă, cântă de bucurie, fiica Ierusalimului, Sărbătoreşte-ţi Iudo, sărbătorile ! hL{Ku l[;Y:liB. %B'-rAb[]l; dA[ @ysiAyal{ yKi%yIr;d"n> ymiL.v;; %yIn:P'-l[; #PeM;hhl[2 tr"k.nI yk Împlineşte-ţi toate voturile sacre, căci cel ce te lovea în faţă este îndepărtat! dam x:Ko #Mea; ~yIn:t.m' qZEx; %r<d"-yPic; hr"C'm;yriC.Ti Păzeşte ce-i de păzit, ia seama la drum, întăreşte-ţi coapsele, fii tare ! rwcn
24. Traducerepoetică dupăreconstituire א 2aIahwé e-un Dumnezeu pe drept gelos, 2b drept-mânios şi drept-răzbunător. ב3 Goneşte în furtună, maiestuos, şi nori de praf înalţă-n al Său zor. ג4 El ceartă şi de tot usucă marea, iar fluviile le zvântă-n uragan; דBaşanul şi Karmelu-şi cântă jalea, se veştejeşte floarea din Liban.
25. ה5 Sub paşii Lui se zguduie toţi munţii, şi dealurile-n faţa-I se cutremur’. וPământul pustiit nainte-I urlă, locuitorii lui jelesc şi tremur’. ז6 Cine rezistă sfintei Lui mânii? Cine-o sta drept, sub nara-I de văpaie ? חUrgia Lui se varsă-n flăcări vii, şi-n calea Lui chiar stâncile se-ndoaie.
26. ט7 Iahwé e bun cu cei care-L aşteaptă: în vreme grea-i cetate de scăpare; יpe cei ascunşi în El, El îi cunoaşte 8a şi înrăzboaie-i scapă din vâltoare. כ8b Dar în vrăjmaşi, topenie totală, 8c pe toţi duşmanii-n beznă-i va goni. ל9c N-ai să te scoli de două ori, Rivală, 10a căci vei fi rasă până-n temelii. מ11 Din tine a ieşit cel duşmănos, 12b de-aceea-ţi dau roi de săgeţi răsplată;
27. נ12ceşti tunsă, înrobită, dată jos, smerită cum n-ai fost tu niciodată, ס10bTârâtă cu frânghii şi arsă-n foc, şi mistuită ca un pai uscat. ע13 Da, jugul greu l-am sfărâmat pe loc, şi pe poporul Meu l-am dezlegat. פ14dVoi pierde zeii tăi turnaţi, ciopliţi, 14c şi templul li-l voi şterge de pe lume;
28. צ14a Eu, Domnul Dumnezeu, am poruncit 14b să nu-ţi rămână sâmbure de nume. ק14e Am să-ţi prefac mormântul deal de scârnă, şi-am să te las paragină-n ţărână. רIerusalime, cântă, cântă iar, 15dserbează-ţi, Iudo, orice sărbătoare, ש15eşi împlineşte-ţi voturile-acum, 2:1a că-i mort cin' te lovea cu-nverşunare ! ת2:1bc Păzeşte-ţi rostul, fii atent la drum, 2:1de încinge-ţi iarăşi brâul şi fii tare!
29. Concluzii Deşi textul biblic este cel mai bine păstrat, în comparaţie cu alte documente; Deşi fidelitatea copierii este incredibil de acurată pentru multe pasaje biblice, pe foarte lungi perioade de timp; Deşi mesajul original este suficient de clar „pentru scopuri practice”; Este un fapt evident că textul este adesea corupt, nu numai în situaţii textual atestate, ci şi în multe locuri unde cu greu mai poate fi dovedit şi adesea imposibil de restaurat. Această realitate, sau cel puţin probabilitate şi posibilitate, trebuie luată în calcul de exegeza biblică.
Editor's Notes
Din motive poetice (versuri excedentare acrostihului) şi de similaritate suspectă cu expresii din alte pasaje (Cf. Dt 32: 41.43; Ps 103:9; Ps 145:8; Ex 34:7; Nu 14:18), considerăm versurile acestea o glosă (interpolare ulterioară), în orice caz foarte veche, anterioară traducerii G („LXX”): (3) IHWH Se răzbună pe vrăjmaşii Lui (4) şi ţine mânie pe duşmanii Lui. (5) IHWH este răbdător, dar bogat în putere; (6) IHWH nu va cruţa deloc.Gray (op. cit. p. 261) afirmă: „Dar cum o secţiune a acrostihului nu poate depăşi două hemistihuri (un stih), înseamnă că hemistihurile (3)-(6) nu pot fi originale — cel puţin nu pot fi la locul lor aici. Personal, nu mă îndoiesc că Gunkel are dreptate când le consideră o glosă menită să limiteze în mod explicit afirmaţia absolută din primele două hemistihuri. Şi este demn de notat că hemistihul 5 este suspect de lung, constând din cinci cuvinte.”
Corupere emendată după BHS. QSM (Nahum Pesher: 4Q169 f1_2:1) şi G arată că vb. llmaeste cea mai veche atestare textuală aici. Totuşi, poetica versului (acrostihul, motive de paralelism) şi asocierea lui lld în contexte similare – Is 19:6 Wlmeq' .... Wbr>x'w> Wll]]D; tArh'n> vezi şi Is 38:14, impun emendarea aceasta. cf. Gray (1915: 256).Cf. Gray (1915: 252 fn 3), citând pe Gunkel, pentru necesitatea colometrică a adăugirii lui lk, cf. Ps 148:9; Am 9:13; Ier 4:24. Articol definit adăugat după G.ta. o;rh .În loc de -lk'w> lbetew> (şi lumea şi toţi...), după propunerea BHS. Cf. Ioel 1:10; Is 24:4 etc. Expresia este absentă din Nahum Pesher 4Q169 f1_2:1.În loc de #r<a'h' aF'Tiw: (se înalţă pământul, cf. G ). După prp BHS, vezi Is 6:11 hm'(m'v. ha,îV'Ti hm'd"a]h'w> Cf. TARtb;Arx]w: (se distruge), VUL contremuit (tremură); A e;frixen (a tremurat); S evkinh,qh (s-a mişcat). Vezi şi HALOT I hav, care totuşi nu este definitiv în favoarea emendării. CTAT (3: 785-787) înclină, ca deobicei, spre poziţia conservativă a TM (favorizând traducerea „se ridică”; „înalţă [coloane de fum]), dar nu exclude posibilitatea corectării menţionate, indicând o lungă serie de ebraişti în favoarea ei.După prop. BHS, care presupune o inversiune facilitantă făcută de un scrib. Gray (1915: 257 fn 1) afirmă: „The author of the acrostich adopted a possible, though less easy, order for his words in the interests of his alphabetic scheme, just as the author of Ps. cxix. uses htx in v. 4, and places 1, pn-rx at the beginning of v. 8, to satisfy the conditions of his alphabetic scheme rather than because he wished to express any real emphasis.” Vezi Ier 4:26. CTAT 3:787 recomandă pe drept conservarea lui #tn şi nu este necesară corectarea în tcn, cum se propune în BHS.Cf. BHS. Sau, după alte autorităţi (CTAT 3: 788) wyA"ql. (pentru cei ce speră în El). Preferăm această adăugire, din motive de metrică a versului şi la sugestia G.
Lipsa predicatului şi a complementului direct în acest vers a fost suplinită în acord cu contextul. Iniţial, formulasem ~pejv.yI aOl nu-i va inunda cf. Is 43:2b, sau ~hyl[ !gy îi va ocroti (după Is 31:5; 37:5; 38:6). Dar cea mai bună soluţie pentru echilibrul colometric, şi de aceea mai probabilă, este cea oferită de Gray (1915: 251): ~lycy îi salvează. Relativa instabilitate a lui waw conjunctiv iniţial este remarcată de multă vreme: „That w was constantly added through dittography or overlooked before another w or y with which latter letter it is frequently confused, becomes clear from a comparison of the LXX and Hebrew texts. In assuming then that the w at the beginning of line 23 is intrusive, we are simply assuming what we know for certain frequently happened in similar cases.” (cf. Gray, 1915: 257). Numele sacru a fost adăugat aici la propunerea BHS şi din motive de metrică a versului. Acesta poate sta înainte (Ps 94:11) sau după verb (Nu 16:5; Ps 1:6; 37:18).Gray (1915: 251 fn 3) propune @dhy cf. Iov 18:18. Totuşi, varianta TM, confirmată în G, este uzuală (Ps 35:6; 143:3).Emendare recomandată în BHS, în loc de Hm'Aqm., în acord cu paralelismul ideatic al versurilor şi după G: tou.j evpegeirome,nouj (pe cei ce se scoală împotrivă). A apo anistamenwn (de la cei ce se ridică).Versul 9a din TM hf,_[o aWhå hl'ÞK' hw"ëhy>-la, ‘!WbV.x;T.-hm; este probabil o grupare a două adnotări: a). la versul h['_r" ...bveîxo din v. 11 şi la expresia wym'qoB. hf,ä[]y: hl'ÞK' din v. 8. Din punct de vedere poetic, ambele sunt versuri excedentare. În G: tou.j evpegeirome,nouj = pe cei ce se ridică (wym'qoB.).TM conţine în plus: hf,[o aWh hl'K' hwhy-la !WbV.x;T.-hm;. Fiind versuri excedentare în acrostih, acestea sunt interpretate ca adnotare ulterioară. Versul hf,[o aWh hl'K' ar indica o subliniere a ideii anterioare: hf,[]y: hl'K'. Textul G: evkdikh,sei di.j evpi. to. auvto. implică un adaos wyl[ în v. 9, care ar putea fi o altă variantă pentru hwhy l[ din v. 9a, cf. v. 11. Gray (id. 251) a considerat acest rând ca fiind stihul cu iniţiala m.Cf. Ps 137:7; Numele Divin este introdus pentru metrică şi precizare, cf. v. 11 . Alternativă: va lkat ~dwsy d[ yk (căci până la temelia [cetăţii]lor va mistui focul). Ambele sunt tentative de reconstituire a unui text corupt. TM are în v. 10 ~yrIysi- d[; yKi, iar retroversiunea variantei G (o[ti e[wj qemeli,ou auvtw/n cerswqh,setai) ar indica în Vorlage vb'yTi / vb'yyI ~d'Asy>- d[; yKi. Pentru d[; yKi, BHS propune aici lectura ry[i yAh „vai, cetate de...” (cf. 3:1), sau -k. Wr[;b.yI „vor arde ca...”. Gray (id. 251) de asemenea a reconstituit stihul l începând cu aceste cuvinte. Lecturi alternative sunt ~AQyI (cf. G), sau wyr'c' ..... WmWqt' (prp. BHS).
!kwCf. Ps 137:7; Numele Divin este introdus pentru metrică şi precizare, cf. v. 11 . Alternativă: va lkat ~dwsy d[ yk (căci până la temelia [cetăţii]lor va mistui focul). Ambele sunt tentative de reconstituire a unui text corupt. TM are în v. 10 ~yrIysi- d[; yKi, iar retroversiunea variantei G (o[ti e[wj qemeli,ou auvtw/n cerswqh,setai) ar indica în Vorlage vb'yTi / vb'yyI ~d'Asy>- d[; yKi. Pentru d[; yKi, BHS propune aici lectura ry[i yAh „vai, cetate de...” (cf. 3:1), sau -k. Wr[;b.yI „vor arde ca...”. Gray (id. 251) de asemenea a reconstituit stihul l începând cu aceste cuvinte. Lecturi alternative sunt ~AQyI (cf. G), sau wyr'c' ..... WmWqt' (prp. BHS).Textul a fost mutat. Vezi hemistihul al doilea de la litera s.Vezi nota f.TM este şi aici corupt: !keîw> ~yBir: !kew> ~ymilev.-~ai „deşi întregi şi astfel mulţi, dar astfel ...”. G a avut în Vorlage: ~yBir: ~yIm; lvemostăpânitorul multor ape; Syr. a citit ~yBir: ~yIm; ylev.mo la, (la domnitorii multor ape). BHS propune ~yBir: ~ymiLuv; ~ai dacă (deşi) răsplătiri multe (sau cu ~yliv.mo [dacă mulţi] domnitori). Repetiţia !kw ~y .... !kw ~y... este probabil o dittografie.TM şi G au la sfârşitul v. 11 expresia l[ylb #[wOyO (logizo,menoj evnanti,a), care este excedentară aici. Se regăseşte în DSS, fiind probabil specifică unei perioade mai târzii decât Naum: Hymnsa (1QHa 14:21), Hodayotc (4Q429 f4i:11). Poate fi aici o adnotare (comentariu), în apoziţie cu h['r" bvexo. În v. 12, TM şi G au expresia hwhy rma hk, care introduce un vers excedentar şi destul de prozaic. Expresia în cauză este foarte frecventă la unii dintre Profeţi (Isaia, Ieremia, Amos, Hagai, Zaharia), rară la unii (Ezechiel, Mica, Maleahi), şi inexistentă la alţii (Osea, Ioel, Obadia, Iona, Habacuc, Ţefania). Se pare că Naum intră în această ultimă categorie. Expresia poate fi privită ca un adaos, anticipând vorbirea directă a lui Dumnezeu din v. 13-14. Gray (258) i-a recunoscut de mult caracterul neobişnuit: „That it [this considerable fragment] has received some interpolation no one will question. The prophetic formula, "Thus saith Yahweh " (v. 12), never formed part of an acrostich poem...”.Expresia hwhy l[ este excedentară aici, probabil datorită aceluiaşi fenomen scribal-editorial ca şi cea de la nota h pag. 3. k După TM `dA[* %NEß[;a] al %tiêNI[i’w> rb'_['w> WZgOàn" au fost tăiaţi (tunşi), şi el a trecut. Te-am umilit, dar nu te voi mai umili. Retroversiunea G ne conduce la forma probabilă din Vorlage (cf. Pr 29:19): dw[ hn[t al %tn[w wldbnwI ei vor fi despărţiţi de..., şi ştirea despre tine nu va mai fi auzită".BHS propune câteva variante de emendare aici, pentru adj./vb. alm, considerat a aparţine de v. 11: a). ~yaybl walm pline de lei b). %Memi aOlh] oare nu din tine...?; c). de şters complet. O sugestie a noastră, care ar avea sens aici, în paralel cu stihul următor, este %a;l.m; cf. Na 2:14; Is 37:9-10.Expresia vaeb' ht'C.nI este o tentativă de reconstituire, întemeiată pe obişnuinţele poetice ale profeţilor (paralel cu vb. lka – Am 1:14; Is 9:17; Ier 17:27; 21:14; 49:27; 50:32; Ez 21:3; Pl 4:11). Imagine uzuală într-un asemenea context (cf. 2S 17:13; Ir 15:3; 22:19; 38:11f; 49:20; 50:45). hk'bus. este probabil o formă coruptă din manuscrisul ebraic care a stat la baza G, dar anterioară formei din TM. Vezi şi nota a, pag. 4. Gray (id. 260) a preferat să reconstituie stihul s, începând cu ~yrys din v. 10. O retroversiune a textului G relevă următoarea formă în Vorlage: alem' vbey" vq:kW. hl'K;au hk'bus. hr'ysik.w vB;yU ~d'Asiy-d[; yKi(căci până la temelia lor a fost lăsat uscat, şi ca un spin încâlcit este mistuit, şi ca un pai uscat complet), în timp ce varianta din TM alm vby vq:ïK. WlêK.au’ ~yai_Wbs. ~a'Þb.s'k.W ~ykibus. s-ar traduce: „căci până şi spini încâlciţi şi ca băutura lor băuţi, au fost mistuiţi ca un pai uscat complet”). Atât deosebirile dintre cele două versiuni, cât şi coerenţa slabă a fiecărei variante dovedesc că textul este grav corupt. G atestă că expresia ~yaiWbs. ~a'b.s'k.W nu este la locul ei aici, sau este un adaos. Pe de altă parte, absenţa stihului Samech din acest acrostih sugerează că locul i s-a schimbat în mod accidental. Situaţii similare sunt recunoscute în alte locuri. De exemplu, BHS 779 arată că expresia ~hytbvxmw ~hyf[m care este un plus în Is 66:18, şi-a pierdut locul, în mod accidental, din v. 16, unde lipseşte. 10b kai. w`j smi/lax periplekome,nh brwqh,setai kai. w`j kala,mh xhrasi,aj mesth În mod obişnuit, aceste expresii se referă la victimă, nu la opresor (Lv 26:13; Ez 34:27; Ps 2:3; 107:14; Ier 2:20; 5:50; 30:8). Totuşi, în acest caz, contextul arată că vorbitorul se adresează opresorului (cf. Is 58:6.9; Ez 30:18). Este neverosimil că autorul s-ar fi referit la poporul său fără s-o spună explicit, apoi din nou fără avertizare să se întoarcă spre Ninive. Prin urmare, textul a fost emendat în armonie cu contextul. Gray (id. 261) este de acord că tranziţia aceasta bruscă de la Iuda la Ninive este destul de neverosimilă şi greu de admis că este originală. În ce priveşte însă soluţia găsită, Gray (id. 250) a preferat să înceapă stihul [ odată cu cuvântul %tn[w din v. 12c.
Sufixele pronominale, care în TM sunt la persoana II masculin, au fost revocalizate în genul feminin, în acord cu contextul (vorbitorul se adresează cetăţii Ninive) şi cu alte exemple de emendare. În MT, cele două stihuri stau invers: ... ~yXa hkfmw lsp // tyrka $yhla tybm (vezi şi Cf. Mi 1:7; Ir 6:8; Ez 35:4; Mal 1:3).Sau rkzy să se pomenească, cf. BHS. Barthélémy (CTAT 3: 796) nu ia în discuţie cazul. Conjuncţia a fost eliminată, nu doar de dragul acrostihului, ci şi pentru că aspectul perfect simplu (indicând aici timpul trecut) este mai în acord cu contextul, decât un waw+perfect, care ar indica mai degrabă un timp viitor. Stihul este reconstituit doar pe temeiul paralelismului şi al sugestiei din Zf 2:13. TM t'ALq; yKi căci eşti de nimic (fără preţ, blestemat), în acord cu G. Dar HALOT sugerează !Alq'yqiî dizgraţie, ruşine, dezonoare, oprobriu (cf. Hab 2:16), sau tAlq'yqiî grămadă de gunoi (bălegar, excremente), cf. Syr. atlqyq). BHS propune aceeaşi emendare.
După Zf 3:14 şi paralela cu celălalt stih.În TM, apare întâi o posibilă glosă : ~Alv' [:ymiv.m; rFeb;m. yleg>r: ~yrIh'h,-l[; hNEhi, după Is 52:7. În TM este intercalată glosa l[;Y:liB. %B'-rAb[]l; dA[ @ysiAy al{ yKi, după Is 52:1. Corespunzător finalului tr"k.nI hL{Ku l[;Y:liB. din TM, avem în G: eivj palai,wsin suntete,lestai evxh/rtai = trkn hlk qbal? de luptă este terminat, este alungat (?) – text parţial corupt.În TM, stihul este precedat de verbul hl'î[', pe care l-am considerat excedentar. După BHS, custodia (ce ai datoria să păzeşti), un substantiv din rad. rcn a păzi. Cf. Lev 8:35; Ne 12:45, tr<m,v.mi păzire, sarcină, datorie, din rmv a păzi, păstra. În TM se adaugă şi emfaza daom., care este excedentară.În loc de inf. rAcn din TM. Alţii referă acest cuvinte la Ninive: NET:The watchmen of Nineveh shout: "An enemy who will scatter you is marching out to attack you!Guard the rampart! Watch the road! Prepare yourselves for battle! Muster your mighty strength!". G însă dă mărturie despre existenţa participiului lycm (< ylyct ?): evxairou,menoj evk qli,yewj ( < hr'C'mi) = fiind scos din necaz.