The document summarizes the key recommendations of the Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee (TRAC) report on amending the SEBI Takeover Regulations. Some of the major recommendations include:
1. Providing more clarity around definitions like "acquirer", "control", and "shares" to expand the scope and remove ambiguities.
2. Increasing the threshold for "frequently traded shares" from 5% to 10% trading over 12 months instead of 6 months.
3. Replacing the term "specified date" with "identified date" to determine shareholder lists for open offers.
4. Introducing a definition for "delisting threshold" of 90% voting rights to acquire
Pavan Kumar Vijay\'s Article Published in Chartered Secretary June 2010Pavan Kumar Vijay
The document summarizes key recommendations from the Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee (TRAC) report on amending the SEBI Takeover Regulations. Some of the major recommendations include:
1. Increasing the threshold for mandatory open offers from 15% to 25% of shareholding.
2. Requiring open offers to be for 100% of the remaining shares not held by the acquirer, up from the previous 20%.
3. Introducing the concept of voluntary open offers that can be for a minimum of 10% of shares.
4. Providing for automatic delisting of companies if acquirers cross the 90% shareholding threshold after a open offer.
The recommendations aim
This document discusses some issues that have been encountered/may be relevant to consider in M&A transactions
in the infrastructure sector. The list of issues below is merely indicative and not exhaustive.
During March 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (together the "Boards") resumed discussions on the joint project on accounting for leases. Several tentative decisions were reached that impact the direction of the project, which we previously discussed in MHM Messenger 2010-04, MHM Messenger 2013-15 and the September 2013 FAQ on the proposal.
The discussions have resulted in greater diversity in opinions by the FASB and IASB on lessee and lessor accounting, making it less likely the final standards issued by the Boards will be fully converged.
Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), India was forced to suspend most of its economic activities, considerably impacted the economy. Given that, suspension of economic activities may trigger debt defaults, the Government attempted to provide various reliefs to business.
Thought Paper - Dispensation of Shareholder's meetingShruti Jadhav
The document discusses the issue of whether the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has the power to dispense with the meeting of company members in schemes of arrangement. Under the previous Companies Act of 1956, High Courts were empowered to sanction schemes and had the discretion to dispense with member meetings based on the Duomatic Principle, where consent from all shareholders substitutes a resolution. Several cases applied this principle. The document analyzes recent conflicting NCLT rulings on this issue and whether the controversy has been resolved.
Thought Paper - Dispensation of Shareholder's meetingShruti Jadhav
The document discusses the issue of whether the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has the power to dispense with the meeting of company members in schemes of arrangement. Under the previous Companies Act of 1956, High Courts were empowered to sanction schemes and had the discretion to dispense with member meetings based on the Duomatic Principle, whereby consent from the overwhelming majority of shareholders outside of a meeting was sufficient. Several cases affirmed this principle. The document analyzes recent conflicting NCLT decisions on this issue and whether the controversy has been resolved.
IBC Ordinance: Snapshot of Some Key ChangesShruti Jadhav
Yesterday, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018 (“Ordinance”) was promulgated. The Ordinance introduces several significant changes to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. We have attached a note providing a snapshot of some of the key changes which have been introduced.
The document summarizes the key recommendations of the Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee (TRAC) report on amending the SEBI Takeover Regulations. Some of the major recommendations include:
1. Providing more clarity around definitions like "acquirer", "control", and "shares" to expand the scope and remove ambiguities.
2. Increasing the threshold for "frequently traded shares" from 5% to 10% trading over 12 months instead of 6 months.
3. Replacing the term "specified date" with "identified date" to determine shareholder lists for open offers.
4. Introducing a definition for "delisting threshold" of 90% voting rights to acquire
Pavan Kumar Vijay\'s Article Published in Chartered Secretary June 2010Pavan Kumar Vijay
The document summarizes key recommendations from the Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee (TRAC) report on amending the SEBI Takeover Regulations. Some of the major recommendations include:
1. Increasing the threshold for mandatory open offers from 15% to 25% of shareholding.
2. Requiring open offers to be for 100% of the remaining shares not held by the acquirer, up from the previous 20%.
3. Introducing the concept of voluntary open offers that can be for a minimum of 10% of shares.
4. Providing for automatic delisting of companies if acquirers cross the 90% shareholding threshold after a open offer.
The recommendations aim
This document discusses some issues that have been encountered/may be relevant to consider in M&A transactions
in the infrastructure sector. The list of issues below is merely indicative and not exhaustive.
During March 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) (together the "Boards") resumed discussions on the joint project on accounting for leases. Several tentative decisions were reached that impact the direction of the project, which we previously discussed in MHM Messenger 2010-04, MHM Messenger 2013-15 and the September 2013 FAQ on the proposal.
The discussions have resulted in greater diversity in opinions by the FASB and IASB on lessee and lessor accounting, making it less likely the final standards issued by the Boards will be fully converged.
Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), India was forced to suspend most of its economic activities, considerably impacted the economy. Given that, suspension of economic activities may trigger debt defaults, the Government attempted to provide various reliefs to business.
Thought Paper - Dispensation of Shareholder's meetingShruti Jadhav
The document discusses the issue of whether the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has the power to dispense with the meeting of company members in schemes of arrangement. Under the previous Companies Act of 1956, High Courts were empowered to sanction schemes and had the discretion to dispense with member meetings based on the Duomatic Principle, where consent from all shareholders substitutes a resolution. Several cases applied this principle. The document analyzes recent conflicting NCLT rulings on this issue and whether the controversy has been resolved.
Thought Paper - Dispensation of Shareholder's meetingShruti Jadhav
The document discusses the issue of whether the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has the power to dispense with the meeting of company members in schemes of arrangement. Under the previous Companies Act of 1956, High Courts were empowered to sanction schemes and had the discretion to dispense with member meetings based on the Duomatic Principle, whereby consent from the overwhelming majority of shareholders outside of a meeting was sufficient. Several cases affirmed this principle. The document analyzes recent conflicting NCLT decisions on this issue and whether the controversy has been resolved.
IBC Ordinance: Snapshot of Some Key ChangesShruti Jadhav
Yesterday, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2018 (“Ordinance”) was promulgated. The Ordinance introduces several significant changes to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. We have attached a note providing a snapshot of some of the key changes which have been introduced.
The Companies Act, 2013 has become the law of the land after being notified on 30 August, 2013. The law, which was in the making for more than a decade, ushers in a new era for corporate regulation in India. It introduces massive changes in the way companies govern themselves, raise money and interact with stakeholders. By laying stress on self-regulation and disclosure with minimal Government intervention, the law lays more responsibility on corporates. With 99 sections out of a total of 470 sections already in force, the legislation is amending the way companies operate and are regulated in the country.
CII has been instrumental in ensuring that industry voices were heeded to during each stage of evolution of the Act. Due to concerted efforts, the current form of the Act is a marked progression over the earlier versions which prescribed more rigorous and stringent provisions. Our advocacy still continues with formal submissions on subordinate legislation that forms part of over 70% provisions of the Act. With the Ministry of Corporate Affairs currently working on finalizing rules with views from stakeholders, CII recommendations to the first batch of draft rules have already been submitted on 10 October, 2013. Building up of industry views is currently underway, based on which detailed inputs would be submitted on the remaining sets of rules as well. Submission of formal representations is also being supplemented with industry interactions with the Minister for Corporate Affairs and others at the helm of affairs at the Ministry.
This issue of Policy Watch focuses on the highlights of the new law while intending to apprise members of challenges that corporate regulation now beholds. The issue is also aimed at updating members of CII views on specific provisions while seeking views on draft rules that amplify the requirements.
The J.J Irani Committee was formed by the Government of India in 2004 to comprehensively revise the Companies Act of 1956 and make recommendations. The committee was tasked with simplifying and compacting the law, enabling easy interpretation, providing flexibility, protecting stakeholder interests, and addressing issues arising from revisions to the Companies Act. Some of the key recommendations included implementing strong corporate governance practices, establishing a framework for self-regulation and accountability, imposing heavy penalties on companies that do not file documents correctly or make incorrect disclosures, and carefully reviewing processes like name changes and changes to company directors.
The Companies Act, 2013 has been in force for about a year now. The law while ushering in a new era for corporate regulation in India has introduced massive changes in the way companies govern themselves.
CII has been instrumental in ensuring that industry voices were heeded during each stage of evolution of the Act. Our advocacy still continues with formal submissions on implementation of the legislation which has now thrown up newer issues and challenges. This is being done through various mediums including consolidated CII Representations; closed-door meetings with industry captains; one-to-one meetings with concerned Ministers and other key officials at the MCA.
Based on these submissions and interactions, many concerns highlighted by CII post notification of the Act and Rules have been clarified / notified by MCA. The remaining issues cover provisions relating to onerous requirements for private companies and closely-held unlisted public companies; related party transactions; CSR; amounts treated as deposits; certification of internal financial controls instead of internal control over financial reporting; consolidation of accounts; alignment with SEBI regulations, etc amongst others. These provisions require reconsideration either due to their extended reach or complexity in drafting the regulation or practical difficultly in compliance.
An overview of Capital Markets - NLU JodhpurSumit Agrawal
This document provides an overview of Indian securities law. It discusses the key statutes that govern the securities market such as the SEBI Act 1992, SCRA 1956, and Depositories Act 1996. It describes SEBI as the primary regulator with quasi-legislative, executive and judicial powers. The document also outlines the various rules and regulations framed by the central government and SEBI to administer the securities market.
On March 20, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-07 Consolidations (Topic 810): Applying Variable Interest Entities Guidance to Common Control Leasing Arrangements (hereafter ASU 2014-07 or the standard). This standard is the third accounting alternative proposed by the Private Company Council (PCC) and endorsed by the FASB. It is an accounting alternative that permits a private company reporting entity to elect to not apply the variable interest entity (VIE) guidance to certain leasing arrangements. If elected, the guidance of this standard must be applied to all qualifying lease arrangements.
The adoption of ASU 2014-07 may result in the deconsolidation of commonly controlled lessor entities that were previously consolidated under the VIE guidance, the removal of disclosures prescribed by the VIE guidance for consolidated and certain non-consolidated commonly controlled lessor entities, or the reduction in the documentation and procedures necessary to evaluate these types of entities under the VIE guidance.
This document outlines objectives for a joint IAIS-OECD questionnaire on corporate governance practices of insurers. It aims to identify best practices by surveying insurers, trade associations, supervisors and other parties. The survey seeks to understand governance structures and mechanisms for managing conflicts of interest. It also examines risk management practices and the independence of key functions like risk management, actuarial valuations and internal audit. The results will be analyzed to develop supervisory guidance and identify areas for potential improvement. The questionnaire is intended to gather both mandatory and optional information from respondents.
The document discusses regulatory and supervisory initiatives undertaken by the Reserve Bank of India in 2003-04 to strengthen financial regulation and supervision. Key initiatives included strengthening prudential norms on capital requirements, non-performing assets, and risk management; enhancing transparency and corporate governance in banks through guidelines on ownership, control, and board appointments; and measures to improve resolution of non-performing assets such as corporate debt restructuring schemes and asset reconstruction companies. The overall aim was to ensure a stable financial system through a progressive upgrading of regulations and adaptation of international best practices to India's situation.
Say on Pay (and Evaluating the Impact of Shareholder Advisory Groups)Edward Hauder
The document summarizes key points about "Say on Pay" (SOP) proposals, which allow shareholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation. It discusses the history and timeline of SOP proposals in the US, forms they can take, and companies that have voluntarily adopted them. It also analyzes voting results for 2010 on mandatory and voluntary SOP proposals, including those that failed to receive majority support. Reasons cited for failed votes include pay not aligned with performance and concerns about incentive plans and severance agreements.
Concept of securitization – recent trends, securitization of ipr, & overveiw ...Manikantan iyer
This document provides an overview of the SARFAESI Act of 2002 in India, which allows banks and financial institutions to recover secured assets without court intervention. It discusses how prior recovery methods through civil courts were ineffective. The SARFAESI Act aims to help banks realize their dues faster by taking possession of secured assets and recovering from other sources. Key points of the act are discussed, including how it applies to accounts classified as non-performing assets. The document analyzes various definitions and sections of the act related to debt enforcement and security interests. Overall it analyzes the intent and provisions of the SARFAESI Act to facilitate quicker recovery of bank loans.
The document provides summaries of orders from the Securities Appellate Tribunal and Adjudicating Officer related to takeover regulations.
1) The SAT rejected an exemption application for a preferential allotment as it was premature since the warrants had not yet been converted to shares carrying voting rights.
2) The Adjudicating Officer held that where no reply is received to a show cause notice, it can be assumed the charges are admitted.
3) The Adjudicating Officer found a change in control requiring an open offer where new directors appointed were acting in concert and taking part in management decisions.
The document discusses key concepts related to mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers such as:
- A merger integrates two firms on an equal basis, an acquisition involves one firm buying another to make it a subsidiary, and a takeover occurs when a target firm is acquired without soliciting a bid.
- Reasons for M&A include developing new capabilities, avoiding competition, and lower risk than internal development. Problems include integration difficulties, inadequate target evaluation, and inability to achieve synergies.
- Trigger points for a mandatory open offer under Indian takeover regulations include acquiring 25% or more voting rights (initial threshold) or control over a target company. Creeping acquisition is permitted between 25-75
The document discusses key concepts related to mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers such as:
- A merger integrates two firms on an equal basis, an acquisition involves one firm buying another to make it a subsidiary, and a takeover occurs when a target firm is acquired without soliciting a bid.
- Reasons for M&A include developing new capabilities, avoiding competition, and lower risk than internal development. Problems include integration difficulties, debt loads, inability to achieve synergies, and managers overly focused on acquisitions.
- Takeover regulations ensure minority shareholders are treated fairly during substantial acquisitions and are given an exit opportunity. The regulations mandate open offers and establish thresholds for mandatory offers.
Combination Review in India: A Mid-year Review (Part I) - K.K. SharmaKK SHARMA LAW OFFICES
In this two-part article, the first part of which appears here, the author, the chief
architect behind the review format of Merger Review in India, takes a look at the
performance of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) in handling the
regulations of combinations (merger review) in India and how does it compare
with international standards. The stark contrast between the anxious reactions
before the regulations of combinations came into force and the deafening silence,
even after 19 approvals have been given by the CCI, has also been briefly touched
upon. The next part, to follow, shall deal with the lessons arising from the
journey of merger control in India so far.
This document discusses parameters for regulating new Islamic financial products. It proposes guidelines for product approval involving submission to a Shariah committee, legal board, and central bank. A process is outlined involving identifying the product objectives, structure, risks and mitigation measures. Issues that may arise with regulation include differing rulings from Shariah scholars, ensuring legal documents properly capture rulings, and aligning products with Maqasid al-Shariah. Harmonization is suggested to avoid inconsistencies between institution rulings.
RPT Corporate Governance perspective by Shuchi Ray, Nimisha Parikh and Vijay ...Shuchi Ray
This document discusses recent developments and considerations regarding regulations on related party transactions (RPT) under the Companies Act of 2013 and rules established by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. It notes that while these regulations have been in place for about a year, there remains a lack of clarity on some aspects. The document examines changes to the definition of "related party", issues around applicability to private companies, proposed amendments to better align the two sets of regulations, and practical guidance on determining ordinary course of business and arm's length transactions.
Recent developments and reform in the capital markets Sanjay Safiwala
1. Many Indian stock exchanges have been corporatized and demutualized, while a few have been de-recognized for irregularities. Measures have been taken to develop the corporate bond market, including clarifying regulatory roles, increasing FII investment limits, and operationalizing a trade reporting platform.
2. SEBI has taken several steps to improve access to capital markets for small and medium enterprises, including permitting stock exchanges to set up dedicated SME platforms and revising various regulations. SEBI has also made IPO grading mandatory and allowed longer derivative products and short selling by institutional investors.
3. The report on developing Mumbai as an international financial center was reviewed and its recommendations are being implemented, such as
Federal Acquistion Regulation Preliminary Regulatory Reform PlanObama White House
The Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council has drafted a preliminary plan for retrospectively analyzing existing acquisition rules as required by Executive Order 13563. The plan outlines the scope, which includes government-wide acquisition rules in the Federal Acquisition Regulation. It discusses opportunities for public input and lists eight initial initiatives for review over the next two years, including examining rules around communications with vendors, reducing sole-source contracts, past performance reviews, and conflicts of interest. The goal is to identify rules that could be simplified, strengthened, or repealed to more efficiently meet objectives of taxpayer value, public trust, and policy goals.
This document discusses professional opportunities available under India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). It notes that the IBC provides a comprehensive framework for insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings for both individuals and companies. Some key professional roles under the IBC include serving as an interim resolution professional, resolution professional, liquidator, bankruptcy trustee, and providing advisory services. The document provides a list of 21 specific professional opportunities and areas of practice under the IBC, such as advising secured creditors, acting as a mediator, drafting legal documents, and assisting with claims filing. It also summarizes some of the major amendments made to the IBC since its enactment to strengthen processes and address emerging issues.
1. A meeting was held on March 24, 2014 to review actions taken on recommendations from a Special Team of Secretaries regarding violations by the National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) and associated companies. Representatives from various investigative agencies attended.
2. Discussions were held about ongoing investigations and efforts to recover lost investor money. The Forward Markets Commission had ruled some individuals unfit, but they retained voting rights, unlike rulings by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Coordination between agencies was emphasized.
3. A third review meeting was held on June 30, 2014 to further discuss progress on implementing recommendations. Only verbal updates were provided by most agencies except the Forward Markets Commission.
Single Master Form introduced for reporting Foreign investment in India.GAURAV KR SHARMA
The Reserve Bank of India will introduce a Single Master Form (SMF) to integrate reporting of foreign investment in India. The SMF will be filed online. It will provide a facility to report total foreign investment in an Indian entity as well as investment in an Investment Vehicle by non-residents. Indian entities must input data on total foreign investment through an online interface available from June 28, 2018 to July 12, 2018. Entities not complying will be non-compliant with foreign exchange laws and regulations. The format of the SMF is provided in the annexures. Commercial banks are asked to inform customers of this new reporting requirement under FEMA.
More Related Content
Similar to Acquisition of ‘control’ under the sebi (substantial acquisition of shares and takeovers) regulations, 2011
The Companies Act, 2013 has become the law of the land after being notified on 30 August, 2013. The law, which was in the making for more than a decade, ushers in a new era for corporate regulation in India. It introduces massive changes in the way companies govern themselves, raise money and interact with stakeholders. By laying stress on self-regulation and disclosure with minimal Government intervention, the law lays more responsibility on corporates. With 99 sections out of a total of 470 sections already in force, the legislation is amending the way companies operate and are regulated in the country.
CII has been instrumental in ensuring that industry voices were heeded to during each stage of evolution of the Act. Due to concerted efforts, the current form of the Act is a marked progression over the earlier versions which prescribed more rigorous and stringent provisions. Our advocacy still continues with formal submissions on subordinate legislation that forms part of over 70% provisions of the Act. With the Ministry of Corporate Affairs currently working on finalizing rules with views from stakeholders, CII recommendations to the first batch of draft rules have already been submitted on 10 October, 2013. Building up of industry views is currently underway, based on which detailed inputs would be submitted on the remaining sets of rules as well. Submission of formal representations is also being supplemented with industry interactions with the Minister for Corporate Affairs and others at the helm of affairs at the Ministry.
This issue of Policy Watch focuses on the highlights of the new law while intending to apprise members of challenges that corporate regulation now beholds. The issue is also aimed at updating members of CII views on specific provisions while seeking views on draft rules that amplify the requirements.
The J.J Irani Committee was formed by the Government of India in 2004 to comprehensively revise the Companies Act of 1956 and make recommendations. The committee was tasked with simplifying and compacting the law, enabling easy interpretation, providing flexibility, protecting stakeholder interests, and addressing issues arising from revisions to the Companies Act. Some of the key recommendations included implementing strong corporate governance practices, establishing a framework for self-regulation and accountability, imposing heavy penalties on companies that do not file documents correctly or make incorrect disclosures, and carefully reviewing processes like name changes and changes to company directors.
The Companies Act, 2013 has been in force for about a year now. The law while ushering in a new era for corporate regulation in India has introduced massive changes in the way companies govern themselves.
CII has been instrumental in ensuring that industry voices were heeded during each stage of evolution of the Act. Our advocacy still continues with formal submissions on implementation of the legislation which has now thrown up newer issues and challenges. This is being done through various mediums including consolidated CII Representations; closed-door meetings with industry captains; one-to-one meetings with concerned Ministers and other key officials at the MCA.
Based on these submissions and interactions, many concerns highlighted by CII post notification of the Act and Rules have been clarified / notified by MCA. The remaining issues cover provisions relating to onerous requirements for private companies and closely-held unlisted public companies; related party transactions; CSR; amounts treated as deposits; certification of internal financial controls instead of internal control over financial reporting; consolidation of accounts; alignment with SEBI regulations, etc amongst others. These provisions require reconsideration either due to their extended reach or complexity in drafting the regulation or practical difficultly in compliance.
An overview of Capital Markets - NLU JodhpurSumit Agrawal
This document provides an overview of Indian securities law. It discusses the key statutes that govern the securities market such as the SEBI Act 1992, SCRA 1956, and Depositories Act 1996. It describes SEBI as the primary regulator with quasi-legislative, executive and judicial powers. The document also outlines the various rules and regulations framed by the central government and SEBI to administer the securities market.
On March 20, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-07 Consolidations (Topic 810): Applying Variable Interest Entities Guidance to Common Control Leasing Arrangements (hereafter ASU 2014-07 or the standard). This standard is the third accounting alternative proposed by the Private Company Council (PCC) and endorsed by the FASB. It is an accounting alternative that permits a private company reporting entity to elect to not apply the variable interest entity (VIE) guidance to certain leasing arrangements. If elected, the guidance of this standard must be applied to all qualifying lease arrangements.
The adoption of ASU 2014-07 may result in the deconsolidation of commonly controlled lessor entities that were previously consolidated under the VIE guidance, the removal of disclosures prescribed by the VIE guidance for consolidated and certain non-consolidated commonly controlled lessor entities, or the reduction in the documentation and procedures necessary to evaluate these types of entities under the VIE guidance.
This document outlines objectives for a joint IAIS-OECD questionnaire on corporate governance practices of insurers. It aims to identify best practices by surveying insurers, trade associations, supervisors and other parties. The survey seeks to understand governance structures and mechanisms for managing conflicts of interest. It also examines risk management practices and the independence of key functions like risk management, actuarial valuations and internal audit. The results will be analyzed to develop supervisory guidance and identify areas for potential improvement. The questionnaire is intended to gather both mandatory and optional information from respondents.
The document discusses regulatory and supervisory initiatives undertaken by the Reserve Bank of India in 2003-04 to strengthen financial regulation and supervision. Key initiatives included strengthening prudential norms on capital requirements, non-performing assets, and risk management; enhancing transparency and corporate governance in banks through guidelines on ownership, control, and board appointments; and measures to improve resolution of non-performing assets such as corporate debt restructuring schemes and asset reconstruction companies. The overall aim was to ensure a stable financial system through a progressive upgrading of regulations and adaptation of international best practices to India's situation.
Say on Pay (and Evaluating the Impact of Shareholder Advisory Groups)Edward Hauder
The document summarizes key points about "Say on Pay" (SOP) proposals, which allow shareholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation. It discusses the history and timeline of SOP proposals in the US, forms they can take, and companies that have voluntarily adopted them. It also analyzes voting results for 2010 on mandatory and voluntary SOP proposals, including those that failed to receive majority support. Reasons cited for failed votes include pay not aligned with performance and concerns about incentive plans and severance agreements.
Concept of securitization – recent trends, securitization of ipr, & overveiw ...Manikantan iyer
This document provides an overview of the SARFAESI Act of 2002 in India, which allows banks and financial institutions to recover secured assets without court intervention. It discusses how prior recovery methods through civil courts were ineffective. The SARFAESI Act aims to help banks realize their dues faster by taking possession of secured assets and recovering from other sources. Key points of the act are discussed, including how it applies to accounts classified as non-performing assets. The document analyzes various definitions and sections of the act related to debt enforcement and security interests. Overall it analyzes the intent and provisions of the SARFAESI Act to facilitate quicker recovery of bank loans.
The document provides summaries of orders from the Securities Appellate Tribunal and Adjudicating Officer related to takeover regulations.
1) The SAT rejected an exemption application for a preferential allotment as it was premature since the warrants had not yet been converted to shares carrying voting rights.
2) The Adjudicating Officer held that where no reply is received to a show cause notice, it can be assumed the charges are admitted.
3) The Adjudicating Officer found a change in control requiring an open offer where new directors appointed were acting in concert and taking part in management decisions.
The document discusses key concepts related to mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers such as:
- A merger integrates two firms on an equal basis, an acquisition involves one firm buying another to make it a subsidiary, and a takeover occurs when a target firm is acquired without soliciting a bid.
- Reasons for M&A include developing new capabilities, avoiding competition, and lower risk than internal development. Problems include integration difficulties, inadequate target evaluation, and inability to achieve synergies.
- Trigger points for a mandatory open offer under Indian takeover regulations include acquiring 25% or more voting rights (initial threshold) or control over a target company. Creeping acquisition is permitted between 25-75
The document discusses key concepts related to mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers such as:
- A merger integrates two firms on an equal basis, an acquisition involves one firm buying another to make it a subsidiary, and a takeover occurs when a target firm is acquired without soliciting a bid.
- Reasons for M&A include developing new capabilities, avoiding competition, and lower risk than internal development. Problems include integration difficulties, debt loads, inability to achieve synergies, and managers overly focused on acquisitions.
- Takeover regulations ensure minority shareholders are treated fairly during substantial acquisitions and are given an exit opportunity. The regulations mandate open offers and establish thresholds for mandatory offers.
Combination Review in India: A Mid-year Review (Part I) - K.K. SharmaKK SHARMA LAW OFFICES
In this two-part article, the first part of which appears here, the author, the chief
architect behind the review format of Merger Review in India, takes a look at the
performance of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) in handling the
regulations of combinations (merger review) in India and how does it compare
with international standards. The stark contrast between the anxious reactions
before the regulations of combinations came into force and the deafening silence,
even after 19 approvals have been given by the CCI, has also been briefly touched
upon. The next part, to follow, shall deal with the lessons arising from the
journey of merger control in India so far.
This document discusses parameters for regulating new Islamic financial products. It proposes guidelines for product approval involving submission to a Shariah committee, legal board, and central bank. A process is outlined involving identifying the product objectives, structure, risks and mitigation measures. Issues that may arise with regulation include differing rulings from Shariah scholars, ensuring legal documents properly capture rulings, and aligning products with Maqasid al-Shariah. Harmonization is suggested to avoid inconsistencies between institution rulings.
RPT Corporate Governance perspective by Shuchi Ray, Nimisha Parikh and Vijay ...Shuchi Ray
This document discusses recent developments and considerations regarding regulations on related party transactions (RPT) under the Companies Act of 2013 and rules established by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. It notes that while these regulations have been in place for about a year, there remains a lack of clarity on some aspects. The document examines changes to the definition of "related party", issues around applicability to private companies, proposed amendments to better align the two sets of regulations, and practical guidance on determining ordinary course of business and arm's length transactions.
Recent developments and reform in the capital markets Sanjay Safiwala
1. Many Indian stock exchanges have been corporatized and demutualized, while a few have been de-recognized for irregularities. Measures have been taken to develop the corporate bond market, including clarifying regulatory roles, increasing FII investment limits, and operationalizing a trade reporting platform.
2. SEBI has taken several steps to improve access to capital markets for small and medium enterprises, including permitting stock exchanges to set up dedicated SME platforms and revising various regulations. SEBI has also made IPO grading mandatory and allowed longer derivative products and short selling by institutional investors.
3. The report on developing Mumbai as an international financial center was reviewed and its recommendations are being implemented, such as
Federal Acquistion Regulation Preliminary Regulatory Reform PlanObama White House
The Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council has drafted a preliminary plan for retrospectively analyzing existing acquisition rules as required by Executive Order 13563. The plan outlines the scope, which includes government-wide acquisition rules in the Federal Acquisition Regulation. It discusses opportunities for public input and lists eight initial initiatives for review over the next two years, including examining rules around communications with vendors, reducing sole-source contracts, past performance reviews, and conflicts of interest. The goal is to identify rules that could be simplified, strengthened, or repealed to more efficiently meet objectives of taxpayer value, public trust, and policy goals.
This document discusses professional opportunities available under India's Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). It notes that the IBC provides a comprehensive framework for insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings for both individuals and companies. Some key professional roles under the IBC include serving as an interim resolution professional, resolution professional, liquidator, bankruptcy trustee, and providing advisory services. The document provides a list of 21 specific professional opportunities and areas of practice under the IBC, such as advising secured creditors, acting as a mediator, drafting legal documents, and assisting with claims filing. It also summarizes some of the major amendments made to the IBC since its enactment to strengthen processes and address emerging issues.
1. A meeting was held on March 24, 2014 to review actions taken on recommendations from a Special Team of Secretaries regarding violations by the National Spot Exchange Limited (NSEL) and associated companies. Representatives from various investigative agencies attended.
2. Discussions were held about ongoing investigations and efforts to recover lost investor money. The Forward Markets Commission had ruled some individuals unfit, but they retained voting rights, unlike rulings by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Coordination between agencies was emphasized.
3. A third review meeting was held on June 30, 2014 to further discuss progress on implementing recommendations. Only verbal updates were provided by most agencies except the Forward Markets Commission.
Similar to Acquisition of ‘control’ under the sebi (substantial acquisition of shares and takeovers) regulations, 2011 (20)
Single Master Form introduced for reporting Foreign investment in India.GAURAV KR SHARMA
The Reserve Bank of India will introduce a Single Master Form (SMF) to integrate reporting of foreign investment in India. The SMF will be filed online. It will provide a facility to report total foreign investment in an Indian entity as well as investment in an Investment Vehicle by non-residents. Indian entities must input data on total foreign investment through an online interface available from June 28, 2018 to July 12, 2018. Entities not complying will be non-compliant with foreign exchange laws and regulations. The format of the SMF is provided in the annexures. Commercial banks are asked to inform customers of this new reporting requirement under FEMA.
The document summarizes key amendments made by the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2017 in India. Some of the major amendments addressed difficulties in implementation of certain provisions, facilitated ease of doing business, and harmonized company law with other statutes. Specifically, it reduced the time period for name reservation from 60 to 20 days, increased the deadline for informing about a change in registered office from 15 to 30 days, and required companies to prepare consolidated financial statements including associate companies in addition to subsidiaries.
Monitoring of Foreign Investment limits in listed Indian companies May 17th 2018GAURAV KR SHARMA
SEBI issued a circular amending two previous circulars regarding monitoring foreign investment limits in listed Indian companies. The deadline for companies to provide necessary data to depositories was extended to May 25th. The new monitoring system was pushed back to becoming operational on June 1st, in response to requests from stakeholders. This circular was issued under powers of the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act of 1992.
The document outlines amendments made by the Securities and Exchange Board of India to the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015. Key changes include requiring listed companies to have at least one independent woman director, increasing the minimum board size for large companies, setting limits on the number of directorships a person can hold, strengthening independent director requirements, and enhancing nomination and remuneration committee meetings and composition. The amendments are aimed at improving corporate governance practices of listed companies in India.
Latest Circular on Non compliance of SEBI LODR Regulations GAURAV KR SHARMA
This document outlines the standard operating procedure that stock exchanges must follow for imposing fines and suspending trading of securities for listed entities that are non-compliant with certain provisions of SEBI's Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements Regulations. It specifies the fines to be levied for different types of non-compliances and the process for moving securities to a "Z" category with trade for trade settlement or suspending trading. It also details the procedure for revoking suspension or initiating compulsory delisting for entities that remain non-compliant.
SEBI update on Additional Risk management measures for derivatives segmentGAURAV KR SHARMA
The document is a circular from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) announcing additional risk management measures for derivatives trading in stock exchanges and clearing corporations. It requires stock exchanges and clearing corporations to (1) collect initial margin, exposure margin, extreme loss margin, calendar spread margin and mark to market settlements from clearing members and trading members for equity derivatives trading; (2) enforce collection of these margins from clearing members and trading members for both equity and currency derivatives; and (3) calculate liquid net worth for clearing members in equity derivatives by deducting initial and exposure margins from liquid assets. The provisions take effect from June 1, 2018.
SEBI Circular dated Feb 22, 2018 with regard to manner of achieving minimum p...GAURAV KR SHARMA
The document outlines additional methods allowed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for listed entities to comply with minimum public shareholding requirements. Specifically:
SEBI will allow open market sale of up to 2% of shares by promoters/promoter groups and allotment of eligible securities through Qualified Institutions Placement. For open market sales, listed entities must announce details in advance and promoters cannot purchase shares on sale dates. SEBI reiterates prior methods and provides a compilation of all allowed methods to achieve minimum public shareholding levels.
This notification announces that various sections of the Companies (Amendment) Act 2017 will come into force on February 6, 2018. Specifically, sections 2, 3, 9, 11-12, 14, 17, 27-29, 32, 34-35, 38, 41-45, 47-48, 50-51, 53, 59-60, 63-65, 72-74, 77-79, 82, 84-85, and 90-93 will take effect from that date. The notification is issued by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India to inform all relevant parties of the commencement of these new provisions.
Mca has notified below mentioned 41 sections of companies amendment actGAURAV KR SHARMA
The document notifies that 41 sections of the Companies Amendment Act, 2017 will come into effect from February 9th, 2018. These sections pertain to definitions, member liability, authentication of documents, voting rights, issue of shares, board meetings, related party transactions, auditing standards, and qualifications for directors, tribunal members, and appellate tribunal members among other things. The notification provides a table with the section numbers of the amendment act and the corresponding sections in the Companies Act, 2013 that have been amended.
Securities and Exchange Board of India (International Financial Services Cent...GAURAV KR SHARMA
The document is a circular from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) announcing amendments to the definition of "issuer" in the SEBI (International Financial Services Centres) Guidelines from 2015. The definition has been amended to include any entity incorporated in India seeking to raise foreign currency other than Indian rupee with necessary approvals, any entity incorporated abroad allowed to issue securities outside its place of incorporation per local laws, and any supranational organizations allowed to issue securities per their constitution. The circular was issued under SEBI's power to protect investors and regulate securities markets.
Report Submitted by Committee on Corporate Governance GAURAV KR SHARMA
The committee was formed in June 2017 under the chairmanship of Mr. Uday Kotak to enhance corporate governance standards of listed Indian entities. It consisted of officials from government, industry, professional bodies and academia.
The committee's terms of reference were to make recommendations to SEBI on ensuring independence of independent directors, improving related party transaction disclosures and safeguards, addressing issues in accounting/auditing practices, improving board evaluation effectiveness, and addressing investor voting issues.
The committee submitted its report on October 5, 2017 after taking public comments on its recommendations.
Exchange Rate of Foreign Currency Relating To Imported and Export Goods Notif...GAURAV KR SHARMA
The Central Board of Excise and Customs of India determined new exchange rates of foreign currencies relating to imported and exported goods, effective September 22, 2017. Schedules I and II list 19 currencies and their exchange rates in Indian rupees for both imported and exported goods. For example, the rate for the Australian dollar was set at 52.65 rupees for imported goods and 50.80 rupees for exported goods. The notification supersedes the previous exchange rate notification from September 7, 2017.
Outsourcing of activities by Stock Exchanges and Clearing CorporationsGAURAV KR SHARMA
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued a circular to clarify regulations around exchange traded cross currency derivatives contracts on EUR-USD, GBP-USD and USD-JPY currency pairs. Key points:
- SEBI had previously laid out a framework for these cross currency futures and options contracts, as well as currency options on EUR-INR, GBP-INR and JPY-INR.
- The circular modifies the proprietary position limits for stock brokers (both bank and non-bank) for positions created in foreign currency-rupee pairs like USD-INR.
- Stock exchanges must implement a uniform methodology, in consultation, for computing and monitoring these proprietary position
Clarification on Exchange Traded Cross Currency Derivatives contracts on EUR-...GAURAV KR SHARMA
The document provides guidelines from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for stock exchanges and clearing corporations regarding outsourcing activities. Some key points:
- Stock exchanges and clearing corporations must develop an outsourcing policy and approval process for any outsourced activities.
- Core and critical activities like trading, clearing, settlement, and regulatory functions cannot be outsourced.
- Due diligence must be conducted on any third-party service providers and legal agreements must define roles and responsibilities.
- Exchanges and clearing corporations retain ultimate responsibility and must monitor outsourced services and have contingency plans.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Acquisition of ‘control’ under the sebi (substantial acquisition of shares and takeovers) regulations, 2011
1. 9/8/2017 about:blank
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Acquisition of ‘control’ under the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011
Sep 08, 2017 PR No.: 56/2017
Acquisition of ‘control’ under the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011
Ascertaining acquisition of ‘control’ under the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (“Takeover Regulations”) requires consideration of facts and
circumstances of each case. This results in a multitude of opinions. In view of the same, it was decided by the Board, in its meeting held on March 12, 2016, to explore adoption of
bright-line tests for acquisition of ‘control’ under the Takeover Regulations.
In this regard, a discussion paper was issued on March 14, 2016 seeking public comments on certain proposals contained therein.
A number of comments from various stakeholders including industry bodies, intermediaries, advocates and investors were received. A mixed response has been received wherein
no particular option has garnered overwhelming support amongst the stakeholders. SEBI also had the benefit of the views of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and the Reserve Bank
of India in this regard.
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs and few other stakeholders have opined that changing the current definition of ‘control’ may reduce the regulatory scope and may be prone to
abuse and that the current definition of ‘control’ may not be changed and it would be more appropriate to take decisions on a case-to-case basis.
It is also noted that the Justice Bhagwati Committee which was constituted in the year 1995 to review the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations,
1994, had recommended a broad definition of control and opined that it should be left to SEBI to decide whether there has been an acquisition of control on the basis of facts of
each case. The Takeover Regulations Advisory Committee (TRAC), in its report dated July 19, 2010 also reiterated the view of Justice Bhagwati Committee.
It is felt that any change or dilution in the definition of control would have far reaching consequences since a similar definition of 'control' is used in the Companies Act, 2013 and
other laws.
The relevant issues have been examined intensively and in view of the aforesaid comments received and considering the current regulatory environment, it has been decided to
continue with the practice of ascertaining acquisition of ‘control’ as per the extant definition in the Takeover Regulations.