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THE ETHNOBURB:
A NEW SOCIAL FORM IN
MIDWESTERN AMERICA?
Aileen Clarke, Macalester College
Midwest Undergraduate Geography Symposium April 18th, 2015
Outline
 Thesis
 What is an “ethnoburb”?
 Conceptual Framework
 Methods
 Case Study: Hmong in the Twin Cities
 Conclusions
Using the concept of “ethnoburb” to frame
this case study of Hmong settlement
patterns in the Twin Cities, this paper
argues that the out-migration of Hmong
from the Twin Cities central core to the
suburbs is part of the evolution of the
suburban communities Brooklyn Park and
Brooklyn Center into ethnoburbs.
Thesis
A suburban cluster of co-ethnics who have concentrated in an
area to live and work. These suburban communities are often
already diverse. The cluster of co-ethnics does not necessarily
comprise the majority of the population overall.
What is an ethnoburb and why should we
care?
Conceptual Framework
 Relatively new concept
 Limited literature
 Wei Li used to describe wealthy Chinese
immigrants to Los Angeles
 Other studies in New Zealand and Texas
 Emphasize differences from ethnic enclaves &
ghettos
 Focus on economic, social, and spatial
variables
Methods
 Existing literature
 Landscape analysis
 U.S. Census Bureau data
 Charts
 Maps
- Minnesota is
largely white and
rural
- Twin Cities’
growing reputation
for receiving
political refugees
Case Study: Hmong in the Twin
Cities
Original image from TC Daily
The Hmong History
 Thailand, Laos, and
Vietnam
 French colonization
 Persecution
 US offered
humanitarian aid to
Hmong in Laos in
exchange for their
military labor against
Communist forces
from Laos and
Vietnam
Stateless Ethnic Group The Clandestine War
Hmong company
during a mission, 1961
Source: Air America
Archives
Source: US Air
Force
US Air Force at a
base in Laos, c. 1970
Hmong Settlement in the Twin
Cities
Numbers from 2000 & 2010
 Hennepin and Ramsey counties combined
 14% increase in Asian population
 Minneapolis and St. Paul combined
 Only 10% increase
 Brooklyn Park and Brooklyn Center combined
 69% increase in Asian population
Asian Population Change
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Brooklyn Park &
Brooklyn Center
Minneapolis
& St. Paul
Hennepin &
Ramsey Counties
1990
2000
2010
69% change
10%
chang
e
14% change
Hmong Settlement in the Twin
Cities
Hmong Settlement in the Twin
Cities
 Few instances of obvious Hmong settlement
 Ingrained whiteness
Landscape Analysis
Conclusions
 Why is it important?
 What does it contribute to the
literature?
 What does this mean going
forward?
 Other populations in Minnesota
 Somali
 Ethiopian
 Latino

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aclarke_MUGS_Pres

  • 1. THE ETHNOBURB: A NEW SOCIAL FORM IN MIDWESTERN AMERICA? Aileen Clarke, Macalester College Midwest Undergraduate Geography Symposium April 18th, 2015
  • 2. Outline  Thesis  What is an “ethnoburb”?  Conceptual Framework  Methods  Case Study: Hmong in the Twin Cities  Conclusions
  • 3. Using the concept of “ethnoburb” to frame this case study of Hmong settlement patterns in the Twin Cities, this paper argues that the out-migration of Hmong from the Twin Cities central core to the suburbs is part of the evolution of the suburban communities Brooklyn Park and Brooklyn Center into ethnoburbs. Thesis
  • 4.
  • 5. A suburban cluster of co-ethnics who have concentrated in an area to live and work. These suburban communities are often already diverse. The cluster of co-ethnics does not necessarily comprise the majority of the population overall. What is an ethnoburb and why should we care?
  • 6. Conceptual Framework  Relatively new concept  Limited literature  Wei Li used to describe wealthy Chinese immigrants to Los Angeles  Other studies in New Zealand and Texas  Emphasize differences from ethnic enclaves & ghettos  Focus on economic, social, and spatial variables
  • 7. Methods  Existing literature  Landscape analysis  U.S. Census Bureau data  Charts  Maps
  • 8. - Minnesota is largely white and rural - Twin Cities’ growing reputation for receiving political refugees Case Study: Hmong in the Twin Cities Original image from TC Daily
  • 9. The Hmong History  Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam  French colonization  Persecution  US offered humanitarian aid to Hmong in Laos in exchange for their military labor against Communist forces from Laos and Vietnam Stateless Ethnic Group The Clandestine War Hmong company during a mission, 1961 Source: Air America Archives Source: US Air Force US Air Force at a base in Laos, c. 1970
  • 10. Hmong Settlement in the Twin Cities Numbers from 2000 & 2010  Hennepin and Ramsey counties combined  14% increase in Asian population  Minneapolis and St. Paul combined  Only 10% increase  Brooklyn Park and Brooklyn Center combined  69% increase in Asian population
  • 11. Asian Population Change 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 Brooklyn Park & Brooklyn Center Minneapolis & St. Paul Hennepin & Ramsey Counties 1990 2000 2010 69% change 10% chang e 14% change
  • 12. Hmong Settlement in the Twin Cities
  • 13.
  • 14. Hmong Settlement in the Twin Cities  Few instances of obvious Hmong settlement  Ingrained whiteness Landscape Analysis
  • 15. Conclusions  Why is it important?  What does it contribute to the literature?  What does this mean going forward?  Other populations in Minnesota  Somali  Ethiopian  Latino

Editor's Notes

  1. Introduction
  2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hmongs.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SOS_Huey_in_Laos.jpg