វីរៈបុវសខ្មែរដែរបានតស៊ូក្នុងការកែប្រែប្រទេសកម្ពុជា

1. ®BHeJFiv&gß
sUr-hay
eroberogngBnt¥
i
i i
Kg'-sm∏ar
karpßayrbssarBtmanGgrbrI
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2. sUmåTiÊscMeJH
vrbrsExrTSgGs' EdlbCaCvt
I u
µ
U
Ii
edm∫Cati sasna [manesrPaBeLgvj !
I I
I
I i
®BHsgÙEdl®Tgsl
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dlmtyTCnEdlkarJrsaFarNrdExr
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ngmtTKtTSgLay˘˘˘
i i † u ·
N
eroberogtam‰ksar
rbselak Ebn-yt†i caghagsarNtman®bCaCati
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u
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ufl
I
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Y
u µ "
Gacar¥ Ehm-ecov mkvj .
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3. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
1
Garm∏kfaeVHBum®KaTI3
ı
mtGkGanCaTem®t,I
i † ~
I
enAeBleVHBmelkT3enH xVTVnykeTA®beKn ®BHeJFvgß sru ı
I I
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i &
U
hay Bnt¥ngbEnmxHEdlxHxat edm∫[‰ksarvrbrsCatmanPaB®tm
i i
i
ƒ ¬
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I I
I u
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w
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U
I
i &
U
√I I
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&
Y
i i
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I
I M u
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mkkanxfa «elaksresrlKrsmehy EtmanxsxH GataVnemlmg
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u
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U
i M
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u
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µ
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I u
i i †U
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µ
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M
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u √ u
s mxCamnsabsn¥eLy .
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I
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w
µ
M u
√
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i Ç
i
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µ ∆ '
w
Y
i
I I
·
vrbrs ®kLaehamKg,' Gacar¥Ehm-ecov, eGov-eks .l. ng .l. eLg
I u
I
i
I
vj .
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smbgbnrmQamEdlkBgrgTkevTnaedaysarsÂgam®KbEbbya
U
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M u
u ≈
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g [VnCbEtsx:terogeTA .
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u t
PeBj´f© 10 kkda 1972
M~
˚
Gkeroberog
~

4. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
2
C®mabG~kGan !
eBlenHkdcCaeBlmnEdr,
* U
u
®beTsExreyg®tvBkGaNanKmVrSgess CHCan®tt®tamystµ
I
U Y
i
i
' Y
Y
vtß KBqS1863mkdl1953 eTbmhaCneygrlasnmdc´®gnHecal
W I ~
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I
I
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±u
ecjVn . etExreygsxctedk[VrSg®tt®taTSgGsKaedayKankart
I µ
I
u i †
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s®byTtbvj… ?
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u Ï
i
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I
w
I
e
†
µ
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i
µ
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˚ '
i˚
M I i †
W
† ¬
gmÂnxHeT Edle®cnEteCOeKarB{nk∫al[VrSgCan' edm∫[xneKVnenA
†I ¬
I
I I
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htQam®bCara®sExrteTAeTot .
u
† µ
TkEPkEdl®skGBkar®bmlcg®kg ®bvtngskmPaB´nvrbrsExr
w
~
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U
†i i
µ
I u
µ
enH KCaskPaBrbsyvCne®sac®sgCati EdlkBg®byT®KbEbbyag
W
≈I
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u Ï
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w
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u
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i M w
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U
I
QcabckQam .
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µ
U
√I
Ïi
Ô
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u
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escneratm CaGkcHhtelxadak®beTsExreTAe®kamGaNanKmnymV
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ta, ®kLaehamKg,' BselakQk ®BmmyGeneday®bCara®srmpg Vn
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i ¨ˆ
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Y
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w
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w
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5. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
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®sLajEmeKEdllabe®km CkVrI esøksBtxH®kNateTAvj ! ®tghw~
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u
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I
u
i
M
u
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Ga®symldanhgehy EdleF[ebHdg®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov x®bw
&
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ksagCvtedayxn‰g kedkpßgsNageTAtamyfakmµ . elakxtxeF√I
I i
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M
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karedayKanKteBlevlangCvtbg' e®JHelakBGacrsenAe®kamGNac
µ
i
i
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uM
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BkbreTsekt .
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I
decHknesovePAdtcenH KanbNgGe®kABcg[BlrdExr EdlmnTa
U ~ U
* U
µ
M
√I
I
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i
nVnsalelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov [salEtbeNaHeT .
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¨∆M U
i Ô
≈
i
u †
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jctCaTbpt .
i †
I M u
emagÚsß,I ´fT10 emsa 1971
© I
Kg'-sm∏ar
saFarNrdΩ®bCaFibety¥niym

6. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
4
Twkcit†
®BHGacar¥Ehm-ecov
qSgVyelaksgÙKenAng®bCaCn
~
W
w
eb®bCaCnevTna, GtVy, ®bCaCn
I
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I
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I
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C ¨∆M
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G Me N a y p l G a ® k k 'E d r
.
d Ue c ~H
elaksgÙEdlmanPar: e®Vsst√
elak K®tvs®bedAeF[mnsßman
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u
suI manesøk manesrPaB kg®beT
¬
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s‰kraC¥ ngsnPaBdbrbN· .
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w
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( ®sgecjBsarBtman®bCaCati )
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7. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
5
kfaTmy
I Y
Cv®bvt´nelak®K®BHVLat'
I
†i
U
Ehm-ecov
mnngskßaBeKalKnt´nvrbrsnmy@ Cabzmeyg®tvskßaGBCv
u w
i
I
M i
I u
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U
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M I I
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≈
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M I I
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U
Y

I
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I
I u
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U
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U i U U
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u
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u
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µ
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M w
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u
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u
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8. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
6
snarbs®BH®KsgÙstaGse®cnqS eTbCaehtnS[kmar ecov manesc
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ƒ
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keqøvqas ylehtplkgpvelakpvFmCae®cnyagNas' Cakmarman
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M I
∆ U
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kßa stenAxage®kaymhakdsB´fenH .
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kmar Ehm-ecov B¥ayamerons®t≤teFs®bEhs…xl®cGseT . ku
u
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Edl‰gGacyteyag®Ksareyg[xgxsVn . mnsßlgeKemlgay
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9. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
7
kfaTBr
I I
sagp~Ás
vy16qSkclmkdl' elakem®skEhmngPryaVnCnKa GBkarbbY
&
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U
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sNakskßabrbtFmenAvtåNaelamdEdl . lHbsrcehy samM
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Y
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eNrecovTenjems®t (mlevy¥akrNVl) cSyagsatCnaj .
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U
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´fExecHEtkngCaldab˘˘˘
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sameNr Ehm-ecov GayVn20qS kbeBjåbsm∫Ta CaPkPav:kg
u
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u Ï I
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Cn-Nat Ca®Ks®t . enAeBlbeBjCaPkehy elakkVn®bLgcl
Y
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I
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elam®kgPeBj mkBg®BH®KsgÙsta Cn-Nat smnmnelakmyGg
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extkBt edayehtelakersdg' ers¥m extkBtbegtGgkarskßaGkßr
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u
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sa®sExr[manrebob®tm®tveLg .
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w
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kalenaH®BH®KsgÙsta VncatelakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov [eTAbe®gon
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M '
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10. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
8
®sCatkgextkBtGs6qS KtSgBqS1927dl1932 eTb®tLbmkenAPM~
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i ¨~
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i
Y
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e®kABemagbe®gonssß elakGac¥arEtgnmneTAeTsnaCajkjy .
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eTsnkEngNakdckEngNaEdr elake®cnEtykBTPastfa vreyn Tu
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krect i ehyng Gta hi Gtena naefa mkGFb∫ayBn¥lelkåTahrN_
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i
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edm∫[BTbrsTgaysabVn .
I I
u Ï i &
† '
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11. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
9
lk≈N:x¬HEdlKYrdwg
elak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov mansemgF®kGn manTkdmKr[cgsab'
U
¬
M
Y
w
Y
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ehysabeTot, manevahaek∫aHk∫ayrGleTAmxCadrab BmanxnJk¥dEd
I
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i
u
uM
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l@ sm∫EtmymatkKanEdr . bEnelakBsvBEkxagsresresovePAeT
U I
Y
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u" †
uM U U
e®JHsm∫rNJk¥eBcnngrvlbe®goneTsnaeBk .
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_
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cENkdeNreTsnaecjEbbdc®KrbselakebHbt Ksemc®BH
M
M
I
U
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i
W
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sgÙraC Cn-Nat (tam®bsasnrbselak Qm-sm) . ®tgenHVn
Y
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esckfa elak®K®BHVLateXasnanaK Ehm-ecov manlkN:mnxsBI
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mi u
semc®BHsgÙraCbnaneT .
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ceJHePøvBnelakTTledayrakTak' ≤tersmxfaGkmanGk®kGeT .
M
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u
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CnNaEdlVn®V®syCamyelakmgehy CnenaHrEngcg®V®sy
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M I w †I
u Ï
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elak[dle®ty´nsPmgl .
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I
i
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12. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
10
CyKaeLg keFs®bEhs[esaH ®byteKemlgayNa xKanGCyela
Y
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uM √
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Jk¥dasetOnrbselak®KVLateXasnaK Ehm-ecov eF[ssß
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sresrssßsalaVlCanxs®Kb@Ka .
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i
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13. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
11
kfaTbI
I
skmµPaBedIm∫ICatisasna
lHcbkcskßaehy elakVneTAeFCa®Kbe®gonGkßrsa®sCatenA
u
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I
√I
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&
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pt .
u
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i
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Y
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skaEdl®tvkarcgecHcgdg .
i
U
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enAeBlelakeTsnamatTeTelkdbg mnsvmanGksabe®cnbnan
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eT e®JHExrCanedmTmabEteTsntamsa®saskrt . emaHehycas@xH
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&
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mkdlPeBj elajGacar¥ Ehm-ecov VnTTlfan:CaGacar¥sala
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serceTAekt .
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U
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14. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
12
fenHBGacTajkmSgcteshaCatrbselak[ePcVneLy . elakrg
µI
uM
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w
rtEtxeron xGanesovePAExrbreTsEdlsxan@sGBerOgsasna neya
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µ
M
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i Ç
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¬
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uw
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M
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© Y
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U
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I
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i
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M
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u
ç
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i
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15. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
13
- ®tvehyelak®Kmas' karBtEdleyg®tvnyayenaH eyg®tvEtni
U
I
U ç
i
I
U i
I
U
yay[®bCara®sdg . elgFmnymEGbGb mxCara®slclgdEdl .
† w
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u
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xkrNasxctbCaCvtCnCati sasna Gsehy BmanxacsabeT !
¨∆M u
u i † U
I i U
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uM
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I
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uM √
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i
ehy !
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u
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u"
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i
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TkctrkrayCaGenk .
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u
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W
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edm∫®tt®tarbsecar´®BVrSg .
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K˘s˘1940 .
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u" * U
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16. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
14
BkCbnkyl®Bmtamesckesrbselaksg-gkfaj' EdlCaGktNa
Y
u" *
'
†I
~I
'
W
u"
~ M
g®kmbdvtn_ .
u
i †
enAeBleTsnamg@ ®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov VnelkykBTPastxxa
†
I
u Ï
i M
n@ EdlTakTgngCvPaB®bCara®s† edm∫[®Cabc∫as' Vndgc∫asnveKa
'
'
w
I
I I
w
' U
lbNg´n®BHbrm®Krbseyg . BTPastTSgenaHKW –
M
U
'
I
u Ï
i
‹ keFmnsß[cegøtelak .
uM √I u
Ì
‹ ®tvKtbcb∫n[VnsxCamn e®JHfaebVnsxkgbcb∫nehy G
U i
¨ç
~
u
u
I
u ¨~
¨ç
~
I
naKtmxCaVnsxeTot .
u
u
‹ ®tvxeFkar kedkpßgsNag .
U M √I
uM
M
‹ kngesckTkVn e®JHB¥ayamxabxn .
¬
†I u ≈
Ç ' ÁÇ
‹ manEtxneygeT EdlCaTBngVn .
Á¬
I
I M w
‹ bKlmnKb∫esBKbnvmtdlamkTSgLayeLy mnKb∫esBKb'
u 
i
I
' U i † *
I
i
I
nvbrsdTabefakTSgLayeLy
U u
*
I
Kb∫esBKbEtngkl¥amtTSg
I
'
w
i †
Lay Kb∫esBKbnvbrsdåtmTSgLay (100Kafa) .
I
' U u
* †
‹ mnsß≤t®VCa rEmgENnSnvcENkEdlmnKrENnS rEmgdknS
u
∆
U M
i Y
w
[®bkbkgcENkEdlmnCaFr: CamnsßKeKENnS …®bedA[Vn
¨~ M
i
u
u
W
ledaylVk kalebeKnyayl@ k®sabEt®ceLatxg, mnsß
Ì
M
I
i
Ì
*
'
w
u
enaHmnecHdgvnyc∫abGeLy, kryamnCb®bTH …mneXjnvmnu
i
w i &
' √I I
ii
i Y
i
I
U
sßdcenaH CakarlÌ (100Kafa) .
U
‹ bKl mnKrGa®syGkd´TcJmCvteLy .
u 
i Y
&
~
i wç I i
I
BTPastTSgGsenH elakcg[®bCara®smanesrPaB edayBgEpk
u Ï
i
'
'
†
I
w
Ì
elxg‰gCamldan, kepvasnaeTAelesc EdlCamnsßeXareXAsb∫a
I ~
U
Ω
uM ∆I
I
†
u
yePcCati enaHmnleT . e®kABelkBTPast elakGacar¥VnTajåTa¬
i
Ì
I
I u Ï
i
hrNl@B®beTsnana EdleKecHksagCat[VnrgerOg®Kbvsy . mi
_ Ì I
i
u
' i &
n®tmEtbNHsart[Exre®kakQr®byTyk‰kraC¥BVrSgenaHeT elak
w
¨†
µ I
µ
u Ï
I
VnbNHsartknExr[®sLajkarskßa [ylt´m´nvCaEfmeTotpg .
¨†
µ I U
µ
'
i
'
¬
i Ç
mhavsßmkalkclmkdl˘˘˘
i
* U
'
®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov VnnmneTAvtkeNt edm∫srsxTkejamja
i †
† M
I
I I Y
u u
ti ngPksameNr‰eTotEdlrabGanKa . enAeBlybeLg mancas@®sI
i
i ¨≈
'
~
' I
'
®bs ngPksameNrVnmkecameram edm∫[elakGFb∫ayFm…erOgrav
u
i
i ¨≈
I I
i
·
"
epßg@[sab' . mndbg elakelkerOgGepßg@Edlman®beyaCn_ eTb
†
u M U
I
√I
I

17. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
15
elakmanefrdkamy@ –
I
Y
- ®beTseygmndgeBlNa rcBxVrSgeT . VrSgmk®tt®ta®sk
I
i w
Y I ¨∆M
Y
u
eyg hnehac®TB¥sm∫tGs' KanGcernrgerOgesaH, dceygralKaeXI
I
i
†i
µ
√I M I u
U
I
' ~
j®sabehy GataeFbN¥ral´f© bgsgs[ExrVn‰kraC¥mkvj edm∫I
'
I
µ √I u
'
Y
Y
uM
µ
i
I
k[breTsCHCaneygteTAeTot .
uM
i
'
I
xN:enaHelaktamakeJleLg –
e
~ '
I
- krNamaskKtdcelak®KGacar¥Edr EtmndgeFemcVnQHBkV
u
ç ' * i U
U
i w
√I "
~ Y
rSgeT .
cNcenHVneF[Tk®BHTy®BHGacar¥rkrayeBk´®k . elakktbeda
M
u
√I
w
&
I
*
ysemg®kGn®BmTSgjjmpg –
¬
Y
w
- BrCakargayeT elakraebeygcgVn‰kraC¥ e®JH®BHsmasmTÏ
I
I
'
µ
¨ı
®Tgbgajpv[eygedr ehyfa «escksamKI nSmknvescksx®Kb'
'
˙
ˬ
I
I
I
†I
U
†I u
yag» .
"
EtkalNaeyg®sH®slKa eygngGaceFG@ektmnxan . Gatas
I
u
Y
~
I
w
√I √I
I i
µ
gÙmfa eb®bCara®seyg®sH®slKa mxCaQHVrSgeBlqab@enHmnxa
w
I
†
I
u
Y
~
u
~
'
i
n . EtebExreygmn®sbKaeT eygBGacdeNmykesrPaBenaHmkvj
I µ
I
i
~
I uM
†I
I
i
VneLy . GatamneBjctngGkxH EdleKyk®BHBTsasna edm∫bM
I
µ i
i † w
~ ¬
u Ï
I I
Pnmt®bCara®s† ehyeVk®bCara®sCadacxat . elakta ! elakTSgGs'
^ † i
I
†
'
eXj®sabehy ®beTseygmanGkbnxn ekgykk´rBsasnasem∫m
I
'
I
I
~
M¬ Á¬
M
I
I
Nas' .
- krNamas' BtehykarenH !
u
ç
i
I
karsnnaGBerOgsasnaneyaVy ngGBkarENnS[®bCaCnecH®b
Ê
M I
i
M I
kbkargarcJmCvt ®sbtamKng®BHsmTÏ Vn®b®BteTArhtJkkNai wç I i
¬
¨ı
w †
U
'
†
lGa®Fa®teTbQb' .
I
eBlnmneTA®skmg@ ®BHGacar¥Etgnmn®KbpHbgbnNaEdl®k®k
i †
u †
i †
' Ê
ËÌ
I
CageK . elakeBjct®V®syCamyCnCBkenaH kdcCaelakeBjct†
i †
&
Y
M U
* U
i
ngPmkeNt…®BHsmTEdr .
w
U i M
I
¨ı Ï
❑
❑
❑

18. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
16
kfaTbn
I Y
®BHVLat' Ehm-ecov
®tUvVraMgcab'pßwk
®BHGaTt¥CtGsgtrltrseTAehy˘˘˘
i
i
† 
'
µI
I
semg´ry®Klc BelcgKKrmkbH®tecokbrCn [®segH®segac
¬
M
Y
I
I u
I
"
uI
exacpßa esrTbClen®tBVn .
¬
ÊI
'
uM
qS 1 9 4 2 C a qS E d l ® b e T s e yg ® tv V tb gGk e sh a C a tm a tPmG s '
~
~
I
U
'
' ~
~
i
u U i
Cae®cn .
I
®BtkarNsklelak VntgEtgCaldab' .
w †i
_
w
M
sÂgamelakelkT2kpHeLg .

I I * ¨Ê
I
sankarNkg®beTsExr mansPaBtgEtgesrEkElgrc e®JH®bCa
ƒ
_ ¨~
µ
w
ÊI
Y
CnExreyghakdcCalglk' edaymndgfa ®beTsGjenAe®kamGNac
µ
I
' U
'
i w
M
rbsVrSgeT . Etebdgvj k®KanEt®tmdgesr mnhaneFskmPaBG√I
'
I w i
*
'
w w
ÊI
i
fl
√I
µ
eLy . etedaysarG√I ? CnCatExrEdlVrSgcabxn KanvrCn…escNa
I
I
i µ
' Á¬
µ
†
eTAstva[rcxnmkvjeT . eKEbrCaCrj[breTssmabecaleTAvj .
uM " Y Á¬
i
Mu
¬ '
i
emaHehy, GkmanceNHtcrEmgxacsabCaFmta karPyxackektman
¬"
I
~
M
i
¬
¬ '
µ
&
¬
* I
eLg .
I
EtExrQamGgrvt† FabeFCamhaGNacmyngeKEdr ke®kakQrTaµ

¬ ' √I
M
Y
w
*
j´dbgbnQamxn[ts®byTeLg .
ËÌ
Á¬
Ufl
u Ï
I
®kmbdvtnVntseFskmPaBrbsxnyagmmajk edm∫[Tansan
u
i † _
Ufl √I
µ
' Á¬
"
w
I I
' ƒ
karNsklelakEdlkBgc∫SgKa . eBlenaH®BHgacar¥ Ehm-ecov Etg
_
M u
~
nmneTAGbrExr®skE®sckarCajkjy edm∫skaråbtmB®bCara®s† ®K
i †
'M µ
u
M
w
I I uM
ƒ ∏ I
bmeF¥aVyng®Kbsmar: .
'
i
'
∏
cENk®bCara®sng®BHsgÙ VnKS®T®kmbdvtn_ tSgpvctpvkay
M
† i
u
i †
ˬ i † ˬ
≤tsgßyeLy .
&
I
EpnkarsmatrbsExrbdvtn_ Vndgdl®ksgesbGegt´nBkbreT
© '
' µ
i †
w
'
Y
uI
˚
Y
s . karenHdgedaysarTahanExreygEdlenA®sLajVrSg ehyyk
w
µ
I
'
I

19. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
17
karNeTA[VrSgedm∫xnVnbN¥sk†i (1) .
_
I I Á¬
u
&
tamesovePAKkneyaVyrbselakbN-cnml EdlCasmaCkma
u
'
ufl
ˆ
Ê u"
i ~
k´dsxan´n®kmbdvtn_ Vnsresryagc∫aslasfa edayBkTahan
'
M
'
u
i †
"
'
'
Y
ExrEdlVnmkTakTgCamyelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov ngelak nn-Dg
µ
'
Y
U
i
Y
Y
enaH, manTahanxHEdl®sLajVrSgdHEskgxrdHmn®CHenaH, vanSerOg
¬
'
u
¬ ¨~ Y u i
smabenHeTA®VbVrSg faelakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov ngelak nn-Dg Caem
¬ '
'
i
Y
Y
dknSBkTahanExr[bHeVr®bqSgngVrSg . TahanExrcnn15nak' ®tv
w
Y
µ
w
µ M Y
U
cabsat@edm∫k[EbkkarN_ .
' © '
I I uM
enA´f17 kkda 1942 ®sabEteXjcaghagKjVrSgmak' ngelxa
©
˚
'
I
√
i
~
i
FkarExrBrnakeTot mankansNlxtmydpg, VneTACbelak Gg-GuI
i
µ I
'
' M
uM i i Y
uM
Y
uw
n a y k r d m  n † I ® B m T S g e l a k T a - s a n r d Ωm  n I†® k s Yg m h a ´ p Ên ig F m µk a r
Ω
ngmÂn‰eTot . ®KaenaH elak Ta-san VnbJaelak C-mg (kaleNaH
i
†I
Ç
uM Y
eFCaelxaFkare®kambgabelak) [eTAnmnelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov mk
√I
i
 '
i †
U
. elak C-mg nk®bEhlCamankarFehy kgerOgsmatCamyKa Etca
uM Y
w
M
I
¨~
© '
Y
~
belak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov eTAngraldaldlGataGjmnxan, bEnBTan'
'
U
w
'
µ
i
u" † uM
dgc∫asCaerOgGEdr ? edayBhansreK .
w
'
√I
uM fl
Y
elak C-mg keTAvtåNaelam nmnelak®KU Ehm-ecov elakkVn
uM Y
*
†
ˆ
i †
*
nmnCamyKaCabnan' . tampv, elakVnsrelak C-mg BdeNrEdl
i †
Y
~
Ê
ˬ
*
Y
uM Y
I M
I
elakrdmÂn[mknmnenH . elak C-mg kTlelaktamdeNrEdlVn
Ω
†I
i †
uM Y
* U
M
I
eXj EtBdgCaerOgG√I . elakmanefrdkafa – ebvasrBerOgeyg eygeq¬I
I
uM w
I
I
Y I
I
I
y®bEkkfa EtBVndgeTA ! rcelakmanefrdkatmkeTotfa elaksguM
w
Y
I
W
gkfajVnpSfa ebVrSgvadgerOg ®tv[®bjabrtcleTA‰mnrkgGavF
u"
'
†
I
w
U
' ' U
ÊI
u
htCbnCa®bjab' eTbrcxn ! eyablTSgBrnakylfa c∫asCaVrSgva
ƒ u"
I Y Á¬
'
I
'
'
'
dgerOgsmatehy, bEnBVnKtdlerOgGeT nkfa®bEhlCava®KanEt
w
© '
I
u" † uM
i
'
√I
w
'
ehAsrsnEtbeNaHeTyageml ?
Y
i
u"
ˆ
"
I
lHelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov eTAdl' ®sabEtelak Ta-san e®b[bM
u
U
'
I
ereTATjxa1 Gav1 mkehy bgelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov [pass∫gcI
i
I
M≈
U
¬ '
' I
BrBxn ehyesøkJkexaGavPamrcVrSgvanSeTAtamrfynvaVteTAEtmg
I Á¬
I
¬
'
¬ Y
†
'
†
-----------(1) mancas@xHVnnyayfa Gacar¥ Ehm-ecov Edl®tvVrSgcabenH mkBIescshnxßb[
' ¬
i
U
'
†
I
u w
VrSgcab' eTbVnCaBkvadg . escshnu xac®kmbdvtnrlayraCblgecal eTbeFdecH .
I
Y
w
†
I
¬
u
i † _M
¬ ˚
I
√I U ~

20. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
18
r k E t r te T A ® V bGk N a kmn T a n ' . Kt e T A Bk e K c a be l a k p ßk T S g ≤ t Cnu M
'
' ~
* i
i
Y
'
w
M
esaH .
elak C-mg kanEtPyxSgfa Gjc∫asCaVrSgvacabxneTotCaBxan
uM Y
'
&
¬
'
' Á¬
uM
. lHdleBlecjBeFkar keTACrabelak sg-gkfaj' tamdeNr .
u
'
I √I
*
M
W
u"
M
I
elakk®Vbfa [®bytxn[EmnETn VrSg®VkdCacabeygehy .
*
'
& ~ Á¬
'
I
I
erOgcabelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov kepleqaeLaeLg kgbNaBk
'
U
* ÌI
I
¨~
† Y
elaksgÙCansßt´nsalaVlCanxs' ngvtnanakg®kgPeBj Edl
i
i
I
' ı
i
†
¨~
u M~
e®cnEtCamtPkngCassßrbselak .
I
i † & †i i
i
'
kgeBlCamyKaenaH elak nn-Dg k®tvKjVrSgeTAcab‰pHEdr .
¨~
Y
~
Y
Y
* U i
'
Ê
enAeBlEdlVrSgcabpßk elak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov mankarQcab'
' w
U
W
≤tåbma eF[Tken®taelakhredaymndgxn . elaknktcctngExrKa
√I
w
U
i w Á¬
w U i † w
µ ~
‰g EdleFFehymnCyQqalkarJrktys®BHsgÙ, EbrCabeNay
√I M
I
i Y
W Ì
i †i
†
[CnbreTs jSjtamGeBctrbseK . elakKannkxacfa VrSgeFTaI
M I i †
'
µ
w ¬
√I
rNkmGeT EtelaknksayKeragkarN_ EdlngCtVnsercplpl'
u
µ √I
w
†
M
w
i
M
†
eTA[®bCara®sExr EdlrskgGngTke®kam®kjSbsacVrSg ngesc
† µ
' ¨~
¬ ' u ≈
i
i
†
ygXgCae®cnqSmkehy .
' ~
I ~
I
enAkgTXXSg elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov Ggysmgtamrntcmy emI
¨~ I uM
¨
w¬
Ï U Y
leTAemXaEdlmandBBkrsate®KOn@ e®bobdcCadTkpsecjB®keGA
uM
'
U
uM u ≈ u
I
ebHdg´n®bCaCnrmCati . ®BHGacar¥eJlEtmak‰g TSgTkEPks®sak' –
U
Y
~ '
w
~
- { ! ®beTsGjeGy ! etkalNaeTAngVn‰kraC¥ sm∫rsb∫ay
I
I
w
Ë
dcsmymhanKrvj ! ebmÂnF@sTsglkk∫alyagdac´f¬ [VrSg
U
&
i
I
†I M
u Ï w
'
"
'
eTAehy˘˘˘.
I
- et´fNa eTbExreyge®kakBedk ? eTbExrsalxn‰gCamnsß
I ©
I
µ
I
I
I
µ
 ' Á¬
u
dcsasnd´T !
U
_
- { ! ®bymt† ! Edlrmefm sbrCvt≤tsay®seNaH edm∫s®Kla
i
i
Y
¬I
Ufl ˆ I i
†
I I Ufl
sxn [rcBnmGaNanKmVrSgEss ! mtmndgCa®ByyagNaeT !
' Á¬
Y I w
i
i † i w
Y
"
e®JHxacEbkkarN_ (Epnkarsmat) rbseyg ! mteGy eTaHbGaecarGb
¬
© '
'
I
i † I
I
lkßNTSgenaH ykGavFmkBH®Tgrgykefmxkeday xmneqy®Vbnv
_
u
u
U U
¬I ¨∆M *
¨∆M i
¬I
' U
karNBtTSgenaHeLy ! xmnsxct[®beTsxsabCadacxat ehyx¨∆M
_ i
I
¨∆M i
u i †
¨∆M ¬ '
'
I
mnsxctrsedayeXj®beTsxkJHeKEdr .
i
u i †
'
I
¨∆M
Ç
{mtrmsasna ! xsmbgsgdlKNbN¥®BHrtn®ty ngvJaN
i †Y
¨∆M U
Y
Y
' u
u
&
i i Ô

21. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
19
kn´nvrbrsExr Edlmanelak®kLaehamKgCaedm CyKSJr[kartsUfl
≈ Ï
I u
µ
'
I
Y
rbseygVnse®mceCaKCykbxan edm∫[knecArbseyg salnvsi
'
I
&
uM I
I I
U
'
I
 ' U
TÏi esrPaB ytFm· sPmgl dcGar¥®beTsnana˘˘˘.
I
u †i
u

U
TnjdesakesAenH VnehrcleTAkgebHdgExrGkeshaCati [rg
M Y
*
I U
¨~
U
µ ~
~
w
rtEtkahaneLgCaeTPaK . esckTklVkrbselak EdlVrSgVneF√I
w
¬
I
√
†I u ≈ M
'
TarNkmyag´®B´pß edm∫srcemyenaH manvsalPaBmnGacBNna
u
µ "
I I Y
¬I
i
i
·
VneLy .
I
r‰elak nn-Dg eFkarenA®kmCnE®b®BH´®tbdk k®tvTTlGeByg'
I
Y
Y
√I
u M uM
i
* U
Y
M I
Xg dc®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov Edr EtvrbrsTSgBrrbenH VnrkßaTkkt~
U
I u
I U
u i †i
ysExreygrhtmkdlsB´f© .
µ
I
U
'
√
❑
❑
❑

22. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
20
kfaT®VM
I
mhaVtukmµ´f©20 kk˚da 1942
dNgVrSgcabpßkelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov VneF[samNssß
M
w
' w
U
√I
i
enAsalaVlCanxs' reCbrClyagxSg ehypßayeTA®KbvtGaramng
I
' ı
M I M Y
"
¬
I
' †
i
exte®kAedm∫rm®bCKa eFVtkmtva[VrSgedaHElgelak®KGacar¥ Ehm
†
I IY
uM ~
√I
u µ "
U
ecov ngelak nn-Dg BTXXSgmkvj .
i
Y
Y
I I uM
i
mhaVtkmenH brgeFenA´fT18 kkda Et®tvGakxaneTAvj edayenA
u µ
Mu
√I
© I
˚
U
'
i
vtlgaCabrvleFbN¥cern®BHCnvsßa®BHFmlxt l-‰m Cacaghag
†
˚
'
' √I u
M I
µ
µ i i
√I
√
salaVlCanxs' kg{kasEdlelakeLgsmNskTCa®BHFmlxt
I
' ı
¨~
I
& †i I
µ i i
. BFbN¥enHVnbegyenA´fT19 kkda .
i I u
˙I
© I
˚
eBlenaH elak sg-gkfaj' VnePosxneTABn‰karyalykgGa
W
u"
Á¬
Y
i
&
vFhtCbn edm∫eKcxn[ptBkNab´dVrSgEss kgeKalbNgdk
u
ƒ u"
I I
Á¬
u I
† '
¨~
M
w
nS®kmbdvtnkgkarredaHCat[Vnse®mc .
u
i † _ ¨~
M
i
karTakTgrvagelak sg-gkfaj' ngemdknSxagVtkmµ Vn®b®Bt†
'
W
u"
i
w
u
w
eTAyagskmµ edaymanelak bN-cnml CaGknSJk¥ eTAC®mabelak
"
ufl
ˆ
Ê u"
~
Vc-Qn EdlCabrsmakmanctrgdcfµ .
"
W
u
~ '
i †w
U
ra®t´fT19kkda emdknSBkVtkrVnerobck∫neday®km@ tamkmµ
I © I
˚
w
Y
u
M Á
u
vFrbsxnCae®sc .
i I
' Á¬
´fT20 kkda kclmkdl˘˘˘
© I
˚
* U
'
®bCara®sng®BHsgÙExr enAT®kgPeBj ´dkandgbda edrsedAeTA
† i
µ
I u M~
'
I
M
vmaneTsaPVlVrSg enAxaglcvtPM~ (TskarrdmÂn®ksgEpnkarsB√
i
i
i
†
I †I
Ω
†I
Y
´f) ®bkbedayTkmxGgGackahanngxgpg . enAxagelpSgbdaenaH
©
w u
'
¬
i
w
I Ê
mancarkJk¥esakfa «eygxsm[edaHElgelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov ni
i
¬
I ¨∆M U
U
gelak nn-Dg mkvj» .
Y
Y
i
BkVtkr VneTAdlkaryalyeTsaPVlVrSgyagkHkr edaycM
Y
u
' i
&
i
"
u
rHedayBNelOgpg eF[TdPaBenHKrKyKn≤tKNna .
u
·
√I
i Ω
Y
'
enAmxBkVtkrrabmnnak' eK®keLkeXjelak Vc-Qn Qryag
u Y
u
' uW
I
"
W
"
sga Kan®BeramxacBkVrSgygXgeFVbGeLy . mndbgelakVc˙ µ
W
¬
Y
' ~
√I
√I I
u M U
"

23. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
21
QnVnrayrab®VbVrSgBehtkarNepßg@ ngsCbeTsaPVlVrS
W
"
" '
'
I
u
_
i
uM Y
i
g EtVrSg[clBrbnakbeNaH . ®kmVtkrmn®Bme®JHxacBkvacab'
U
I I
' u"
ˆ
u
u
i
¬
Y
eTot . eBlenaHedaymnsß®calcH®caleLg eF[elakVc-Qn®Cu
u
I
√I
"
W
u
lxnclkgrbgkaryalyrbsbreTs ehyVrSgkbTTar rcvanSemV
Á¬ U
¨~
i
&
'
I
* i √ Y
tkrtampve®kayVteTA .
u
ˬ
'
eXjVrSgcabelakVc-QndecH ®kmVtkr®TSmnVn kbHKlva
I
'
"
W U ~
u
u
i
*
i
yKjVrSg ynEbkk∫alhrQameLg . ®BHsgÙedjcabVrSgngdg
i
Y
U
I
'
w
q®t e®JHEtxgeKeFVbsa®sacar¥rbsxn . cENk®Khse®bdfµ d&
w
√I
†
' Á¬
M
ƒ
I uM
M
bgngkntgCaGavFEdr .
i
U w
u
karbHeVrvaydecH eF[xcKeragkarGsrlg Edlelaksg-gkfa
U ~
√I
U M
'
I
W
u"
jVnTakTg[CbnCyeFGnraKmn_ eb®bsnNaeTsaPVlVrSgmn
'
'
u" Y
√I †
I
i
i
i
edaHElgvrCnTSgBreT (smGanKkneyaVyrbselak bN-cnml)
I
I
U
u
'
u"
ˆ
Ê u"
eBlkBgvay®bLkKaenaH BkVrSgVnftrbVtkr edm∫®sledr
M u
Ë ~
Y
U
u
I I
Y
I
cab' . ®BHPk¨≈ Vg-xat' ng®BHGacar¥ Gk-Ca, elakbN-cnml, elak
i
"
i
ufl
u"
ˆ
Ê u"
C-mg, PkFmVl exov-CuM .l. VnrteKcxnyagrhs . CnNayt
uM Y
i ¨≈ µ
'
Á¬
"
&
W
deNrk®tvBkVrSgcabdakKkGs' .
M
I * U Y
'
' u
®BHetC®BHKN Vg-xat' eKcxnrc ehyEbrCanmneTA[VrSgcab'
u
"
Á¬ Y
I
i †
edayctkahanCaTbpt . elakbN-cnmlk®tvVrSgcabEdr .
i † ¬
I M u
u"
ˆ
Ê u"
* U
'
r‰®BHGacar¥ Gk-Ca ngPkFmVl exov-CuM VnnmnePosxneTAkan'
I
ufl
i
i ¨≈ µ
i †
Á¬
®beTsesomTSgTkEPk . (®BHGacar¥ Gk-Ca KgenA®skesomrhtmk
w
~
ufl
'
u
U
dlsB´f) .
'
√ ©
cENkelak C-mg kVneKcxneTAVtdbgEdr .
M
uM Y
*
Á¬
' M
ExrGkeshaCati TSg®BHsgÙ TSg®Khsƒ EdlcabVn eKdakkgTI
µ ~
~
'
' ¨~
XXSg rcbJneTAKkFPeBjTkkateTas .
uM
Y
ËÇ
u M M~
u
'
cENkescshnu KanKtbJa®beTsCateT KKtEtsb∫ayng®sI
M
†
I
µ
i
˙
i
W i
w
jI rSErk eBjcnqaya BCyQqalBkVtkresaH EdlCacl´dngVrS
Ê
uM Y
W Ì
Y
u
U
w
geCr®BHsgÙfa «Ga®tegalbsbpajVy» eTAvj ehyEfmTSgham
Y
M ¬
i
I
mn[ssßsalaVlCanxse®bq®tdgEdkeTotpg . (elaktamakman
i
i
I
' ı '
I &
~ '
®bsasnfa escsra®mtVndk®VksTngmaseTAskVrSge®cnNa
_
†
u
i
w
' u Ï i
U
I
s' edm∫[knxnVnesayraC¥ . VrSgkyl®Bmehydakxsn¥ak[
I I
U Á¬
*
'
I
'
uM
shnePcVrSg . decHehyVnCaescshnnkKNVrSgmnePc .
I
u ¬
U ~
I
†
I
u w u
i
¬

24. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
22
VtkmenHBVnsercdceKalbNgeT KhakdcCa®KanEteF[Ca
u
µ
uM
M
U
M
W
' U
'
√I
karsakl∫g [ExrTeTAdgxnbeNaH .
µ U
w Á¬ u"
ˆ
e®kaymkGkeTasneyaVy k®tvVrSgbJneTA´®BnKrtamkVl'
~
* U
ËÇ
"
edm∫kateTas .
I I
'
❑
❑
❑

25. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
23
kfaT®Vmy
I M Y
karkat'eTas®bharCIvit
navaE®sklakBgEpPeBjbvm kTmakknyehyeFdeNre®KOn@
M
'
~M
I U
*
¬ ' ¨Ê
I
√I M
I
eTA .
enAelnava elak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov, elakVc-Qn, elak nn-Dg
I
U
"
W
Y
Y
ngGkeTas‰eToteCgCab®cvak' smgemlkBlvtåNaelam sEmg
i
~
I
'
w¬
I
M U
†
ˆ
†
nvesckGaelaHGalymatPmi mncgXatqayeT elaksayxanVnrs'
U
†I
&
u U
i
' ¬
©
†
enACamyCnrmQamCaTesha ! sayxaneXjmxåVskåVska Ed
Y
Y
I
~
†
I
u
i
lEtgBe®KaHKaGBbJaCat-sasna . elakGacar¥kstelk´dTSgBr
i
~ M I
˙
i
M
'
I
I
®bNmehyeJlxßb@ –
I
w
- xmassmfay®BHbglaehy mndg´fNaVnCbvjeT ! sm
¨∆M ç ' U √
M
I
i w
©
Y i
U
®BHVrmCyEfrkßaTl®BHbgpg TlbgcgrsteTAeTotedm∫e®sac®s
I Y
U
M
U
M '
'
I I
g®beTs Edllclge®cnqSmkehyNas˘˘˘.
'
i
'
I ~
I
'
{kEngdmenarm¥ ! EdlFabplnvvCangescksx®KbEbbyag ! x¨∆M
¬
*
¬ ' † ' U i Ç i
†I u
'
"
mnePcGkeT ! eTaHbGaecar´®Bsmabx¨∆M kvJaNknxehrmkenATenHvj
i
¬ ~
I
¬ '
* i Ô
≈ Ï ¨∆M
I
I
i
Edr . smGkGPyeTasdlx¨∆M EdlmnVnclladlkEng e®JHxCa
U ~
&
'
i
U
'
¬
¨∆M
mnsßmaneTas mnGacmanesrPaBeFeGekttamctcg' ! Etxmntcct†
u
i
I
√I √I I
i †
¨∆M i U i
eLy nveTaskhsEdlVrSgvaecaT edaysarx®sLajCat-sasna
I
U
M u
¨∆M
'
i
xsabksabcH[EtCati ! sasnars˘˘˘.
¨∆M ¬ ' * ¬ ' u
'
kVlebkmkdlmxvSg jSgcnaelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov ngmt†
" ' I
' u
¨
i †
U
i
i
Pk‰eTot[ekAeqHqlhs®bmaN, elaksbexmBkescEdlkaceXar
†i
†
Y
Y
ı ' Iı Y
†
eXA smabmnsßKanBcarNa rkytFm· KanKt®bCara®s®k®k elmla
¬ ' u
µ
i
u †i
µ
i
† I
˙
˙
m EdlBkbreTssgtsgn mancn yn VrSgCaedm . emlcHvSg®V
Y
˚ '
i˚
i
Y
I
I
u
saTrbseKmanrsPrnal GslyCatrabrylan ! cENklenA®bCa
'
µI ¬W Ê
' u
i '
M
M
ra®s† rkEtskVgmnCtTkePøgngkedApg ! eKTkxneKCaGk®Kb®Kg
w¬
M
i i w
¬
i
M
u Á¬
~
'
®bCara®s† . EttamBtBkeKCabkß´n®bCara®seTb®tm®tv eTbsmngs
i Y
† I
w
U
I
w
kmPaBEdleKVn®b®Bt† . karQct† karPakrlkrbselakGacar¥ Ehm
µ
w
W i
∆ '
w
'
ecov mantSgBelakenACassßsalaVlCanxsemH . elakCaembdvt†
I
i
I
' ı ' ¬"
i

26. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
24
ndåtmmakEdleygk®mngVnCb .
_ *
†
~ '
I
w
Y
bnce®kaymk navacVgdkGkeTasenH kmkdlmxsalaVlCan'
†i
M M
w ~
*
' u
I
xs' EdlCaTbNHvCarbselak . elaksmgkBlsalaedayckEN
ı
I
¨† i Ç
'
w¬ M U
u
n{ra ehybegtsemgtamx¥leTAssßkst' –
I
˚I
¬
'
i
M
- {ssßCaTeshaeGy ! etGkVn®KNabe®gonGkeTot ! ebx®tv
i
I
~
I
I ~
U
~
I ¨∆M U
breTseKdkeTA®bharCvtdecH ! xmncgXatGkeT ! GkCassß®bkb
w
I i U ~
¨∆M i
' ¬
~
~
i
edayFm· ecH®sLajvCadcct®Kbg®Vfa ! ´fenHxXatBGkehy ! cr
' i Ç U i † U "
~
©
¨∆M ¬
I ~
I
U
GkxskßaCamy®Kf[EmnETn ebGkBtCa®sLajExrEmn ! crGkxrkßa
~ M i
Y
U µI
I ~ i
' µ
U ~ M
ktys sasna eygk[sabsn¥Na± ! xKanGepmkGke®kABbNSmi †i
I uM
U
¨∆M µ
√I ∆I
~
I
† Y
ymatenHeT KebGk®sLajx¨∆M TkxCa®K®tvxeron ehyredaH®beTs[
" '
W I ~
'
u ¨∆M
U U M
I
M
Vn‰kraC¥eLg .
I
CeyasalaVlI ! xlaehy laTSgmnVneXjmxGkralKa la
¨∆M
I
i
I
u ~
' ~
ehykEngFaberon FabCnKa ! laehymatPmCaTeshaesedayCvt !
I
¬
¬ '
¬ ' M uM ~
I
u U i
I
~
µI
I i
laehyejamjati EdlFab®sLajrabGanKa≤tmanhg˘˘˘ laehyTI
I
¬ '
' '
~
µ
I
®kgkstEdl®tveKsgtsgn ! laehy®bym®tEdlKt®beyaCn_
u
M
'
U
˚ '
i˚
I
i
i
i
Cati ! xlaTSgGalyngQctCaTbpt !
¨∆M
&
i
W i †
I M u
cENkelak nn-Dg ngelak Vc-Qn kmandTkdcCaelak®KU
M
Y
Y
i
"
W
*
uM u ≈ U
Ehm-ecov Edr . elakVc-Qnk†I elak nn-Dgk†I elak®KGacar¥Ehm
"
W
Y
Y
U
ecovk†I ngGk‰eTotk†I Kansay®seNaHCvteT EtsaksayxanVnbn†
i
~
µ
†
I i
†
skmPaB edm∫redaHCat[rcBnmEdkGaNanKmnymVrSg[rcsn .
µ
I IM
i Y I w
i
i
Y
i
karKtEvgqaynvbJaCatTSgenHehy EdleF[Clen®tvrbrsExreyI
i
©
U
˙
i
I
√I
I u
µ
ghredaymndgxn . elakTSgenHBVnsnnaKaenAtamsemgeT K®Ka
U
i w Á¬
uM
Ê
~
¬
W
nEtsnnatamExßEPkbeNaH .
'
Ê
~ u"
ˆ
deNrnavaeTAmxCancç ≤tKtdlmnsßEdlmanTkeTashs®BEd
M
I
u
i
i
' u
u ≈
Y
M
nesaHeLy . eTsPaBdgTenBPeBjeTA´®BnKrmansPaBe®kom®ksmM©
I
¬ I M~
M
esømQg hakdcCaQreKarBvrbrsEdlVrSgdkeTAkateTasna®kg
©
w
' U
I u
w
'
u
´®BnKrkgeBlxagmxenH . sPaBsbsatenH rgrtEtTaj®BlgvrCn
¨~
u
© ' © '
w w
w I
eyg[rePb≤tåbma .
I
M I
enAeBlEdlnavaebkhs®B®bTlEdnExr elaknn-Qg Vnbns
I
Y
M
'
µ
Y
Y
¬W
emgeTAkanelakGacar¥Ehm-ecovedayjr@ –
¬
'
&
- ®BHetC®BHKN eygXatBmatPmeygehy !
u
I
¬
I
u U i
I
I

27. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
25
- eGelak ! enHCakarFmtarbseygeT˘˘˘ smkeTamnsßGI !
I
µ
'
I
U uM
- BtEmnehy ! Et®Blgxvamn®BmdacGalyBExreygesaH !
i
I
w ¨∆M i
'
&
I µ
I
- eGI ! xnxkyagenaHEdr ! xmnGacbePcCateygVneT eTaHbVrSg
Á¬ ¨∆M * "
¨∆M i
M ¬
i
I
I
smabecalkeday xmnKtEdr KxacEt®beTseygBVnesrPaBb¬ '
*
¨∆M i i
W ¬
I
uM
I
u"
eNaH .
ˆ
elak nn-Dg eqy –
Y
Y
¬I
- mnGeT ExreygPakrlkxHehy®BHetC®BHKN !
i I
µ
I
∆ '
w ¬
I
u
kBgsnnaKaCabmat' ®sabEtsk2VrSgedrmkCtehyE®sk –
M u
Ê
~
'
'
& †i
I
i
I
- QbCECkKaeTA ! erobcxneLgdlEp≤Lvehy !
'
~
M Á¬
I
'
Ë
I
GkeTasTSgGskeFtamVrSgenaH .
~
' * √I
dl´®BnKr rfyn®TgmyVnmkdkGkeTas ykeTAdakkgKkFM .
'
† u
Y
w ~
' ¨~ u
GeBygXgenAKk´®BnKr kdcCaenAKkFPeBjEdr .
M I
' ~
u
* U
u M M~
BkGkclfµI EtgTTlfSxSgBGkeTas´deqtesr®KbKa . GeB®V
Y ~ U
Y
~ ¬
I ~
I
ÊI
' ~
M I
scakmnsßFmenHektedaysarBkVrSgvabegteLg k[GkeTas®tv
u
·
I
Y
˚I
I
uM
~
U
ngGkeTas KCaneyaVybEbkbVk' edm∫®sl®tt®taeTAeTot . Exr
w
~
W
M
M
I I
Y
Y
µ
GkeTasxHedayVrSgkaneCg xnkeLg´d vayeFVbCat‰gKanKtmx
~
¬
' I
Á¬ * I
√I
i
µ
i u
Kte®kayGesaH . eBlcleTAdl' elak nn-Dg Vn®tvemt®mtKk
i
√I
U
Y
Y
U
Y u
´®BnKrvayFakrhtsnbVtsartI ElgdgxnenAceJHGkeTasCae®cn
'
U
¬ '
' µ
w Á¬
M
~
I
e®JHEtelakeqyfa «k∫tVrSg» GeBenHeF[kl¥aNmtelakGaNt
¬I
'
M I
√I
i †
i
esrePcsartI . Gacar¥ Ehm-ecov eXjmtxnTTlTNkmdsahavdU
ÊI
¬
µ
I
i † Á¬
Y
Î µ *
ecH elakVrmkgctxHEdr edayxacTTlrganG®byBCnTys dc
~
∏ ¨~ i † ¬
¬
Y
√ '
i
I
u ·
U
elak nn-Dg . EtxN:enaHelaknkeXj «enHCakarFmtarbsGkeTa
Y
Y
e
w
I
µ
' ~
seT ! enHehyCasannrkelaky ! Gjmn®tvrjraeLy˘˘˘» bnabBBk
I
ƒ
i
i
U u
I
Ê ' I Y
ynvaeFVb elakGar¥ nn-Dg Gsctehy CnG®byenaHkmkehAGa
Y
√I
Y
Y
' i †
I
i
*
car¥ Ehm-ecov eTAsrmg . elakGacar¥kcleTACttamTmabeKnymGnu
Y †
* U
i
¬ '
i
vtenaH edaymnhanegbemlmxeKpg . em®tt®takeVHsdTSgkeral
†
i
fl
I
I
u
Y
*
M I
M
eTAkanGacar¥Ehm-ecov –
'
- cHGae®TkenaHmanerOgGEdr ?
u
I
I
elakGacar¥keqyeTAvavj –
* ¬I
i
- ®bVT®BHetC®BHKNmas' ! xVT®tvVrSgcabCamyKa edaysg
u
ç
¨∆M
U
'
Y
~
gßyfaxk∫tVrSg, EttamBtVrSgeKnmnx¨∆M [edreTsnaBn¥lGk®sk
&
¨∆M
'
i
i †
I
' ~
u

28. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
26
Tahank[TasKa . lHeXjBkTSgenaHclctxVTe®cn VrSgPyxac
uM
' ~
u
I
Y
U
i † ¨∆M
I
&
¬
xbbHbeVr eKkcabxVTmk !
¨∆M M
M
*
' ¨∆M
- eGmnGeTGa‰grcxn ! eTAkEngvjcH !
I i I
Y Á¬
¬ i
u
cabtSgBclmkenAkgKk´®BnKr elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov mnEdl
'
I U
¨~ u
i
e®bGakab∫krya®ceLsebseT, elakEtgnyayENnSGbrGkeTasExr
I
ii
I
I
i
'M ~
µ
®sLajGkeTasExr k[ePcCatxn . mn®tmEtExreygeTEdl®sLa
' ~
µ
uM
¬
i Á¬
i
w
µ
I
jelakGacar¥ sm∫EtBkCabBnFnaKarCamyk®sLajeKarBdlelak
'
U I
Y
' Ï
Y
*
'
'
CaerOy@Edr . kryasPaBrabsa sdBeraH ctlmnecHQanHCnNamY
ii
u
M I i
i † Ì i
~ i
ydcelakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov EtgVnTTlnvesckGaNtGasrBGkpg
U
Y
U
†I
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u
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√I I u
µ
' ¨¬
esaH . rhtmkdlmanGselakxH E®skeCr[sk®VVrSgfa –
U
'
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¬
& †i M
- «BkGaErgcgeFGGjkeFeTAcH ! Gaecarlc®beTsGj ! Gjexm
Y
"
' √I I
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rs' e®kamkarCHCanrbsGa‰gNasGahnyuM ! Gaksak ! smabGjeTA»
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e®kayBCnCrHse®mcesckmk elaksk®VcaghagtlakarskV
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nkansNerOg ecjmkQrenAceJHmxGkeTasExryagkahan eday
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u ~
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manExreygmakCaGkbkE®bPasaGmpg . CabzmeKehAeQaHelakVc
µ
I
~ '
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Qn . elakVc-Qn e®kakQryagsgarrceqy –
W
"
W
"
˙ Y
¬I
- VT !
- Gk‰g®tvmaneTas®bharCvtbg' ! ‰elakEhm-ecov kmaneTas
~
U
I i
*
®bharCvtEdr ! elak nn-Dg kmaneTas®bharCvtEdr ! cENkelak
I i
Y
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bN-cnml maneTasKk5qS ngnreTsmn[cl®sk15qSeTot .l.
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u
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ˆ
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29. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
27
xH e®JHelakmanvyekgCageK . cENkelakVc-Qn, Gacar¥Ehm¬
&
µ
M
"
W
ecov, Gacar¥nn-Dg enAmansartrgbgdEdl . elakTSgb®VNjjm
Y
Y
µ Iw
uw
I
w
edaykarQcab≤tåbma ceJHkarkateTasdlamkenH . bnabmkelak
W
'
M
'
*
Ê '
sk®VenaH keJlmkkanGkeTas®bharCvtbg' –
& †i M
*
' ~
I i
- eygngbJnsNerOgGk‰g eTAssraleTasBelakåtmes
I
w
Ëç
M
uM
~
uM M
I
†
ny ebtSg ®bmxrdaPVlVrSg edm∫[elakGne®KaHeTasxHdlGkra
i
"
u
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u
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lKa .
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semgrbselaksk®Vcbedayesømsat' KanæGkeTasExrNa
¬
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& †i M
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µ
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mak' EfgnvGNrKNesaHeLy . elaksk®VkNacenaHkbJa[Pak'
~
¬
U M
u
I
& †i M M
*
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~
garKk nSGkeTasvlmkanTXXSg .
u
~
i
' I uM
rvag2Exe®kay elakGacar¥Ehm-ecov manctGaNtGasrelakbi †
i
U
u"
N-cnmlngmt‰eTotNas' eday®tveKbJneTA[enAKk‰ekaH®tLa
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i
i †
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u
c . ‰elakTSgbmnTanbJneTAPam@eT e®JHrgcSescksercctBåt†
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¬
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†I M
i † I
mesny ebtSg sn .
i
"
i
❑
❑
❑
drabNaExrElgmanKntkcExr
µ
M i †i
µ
drabenaHCateygngVnrgerOgmnxan .
i I w
u
i

30. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
28
kfaT®VBr
I M I
®BHGacar¥Ehm-ecov
mrN:k~¨gKukekaH®tLac
karrsenAkgBnnaKarmyqS e®bobdceygrsenAxage®kAmyst'
¨~
Ï
Y
~
U
I
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Y
vtß . elakGacar¥Ehm-ecov cabtSgBVrSgpßkmk elakmnEdlTTl
'
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w
i
Y
T a n G a h a r l a c e T . v r C n e n H m n ® t m E t m n B s a r G a h a r l a c be N a H e T
©
I
i
w
i i
©
u"
ˆ
Kelakrkßasl®VbCabCancpg .
W
i
M I
'
i ç
TkEPkrbselakGacar¥ EtFakesrralTvara®tI edayeXjmnsßeTa
w
~
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¬ '
ÊI
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I
u
sTSgnH ®tveKeFVbCagsttrcaneTAeTot . eBlenaHehyEdl®BHGa
±u
U
√I
√ i œ
I
car¥ ykKkCasalaeron sBsgmsa®s† . mhabrsenHnkKtfa «kg
u
†I I

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w i
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elaksnvaseygenH KanstNaGa®kkCagmnsßeygeT ! my´f@
~i
I
µ
√
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u
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I
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GeLy . emlcH ! GkFeFVbGktc ! eschtQamra®s† smabra®s†
√I I
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u
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†
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¬ '
tamTengctrbseK .
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i †
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®beTstctac®tvmhaGNacbn®tt®ta ! GkE®scmareFkarB®Blm
U
U
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u Y
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mÂnF@ nayTn edk®sNkssTEtmbqaj@ ! manEtsansKrbs'
†I M
u
u
uI u Ï
Ë˙ © '
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Y ·
mnsß ? KaneT®BHeGy ! manEtsannrkGBmglEtmybeNaH ! karBt
u
µ
I
ƒ
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ˆ
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sgmmnsßcernEtGeBGytFm· GmnsßFm· htQamKa≤tQbQr
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u
M I
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u †i
u
u
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esaHtSgBEpndenHekteLg !
I
I
I
I
{bgbnrmCateGy ! crPaksarteLg eTbeygkcatBkVrSg …Bk
ËÌ Y
i I
U ∆ ' µ I
I
I
I
M
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Y
GPCn[vnassabsn¥Vn !
i
i
U
ra®senHehyEdldgTkFr:ra®sBt®Vkd kecHEteCOsdeVk®V†
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w
u ≈ u r
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uM
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srbseKnH mnsmCaBTbrsTeLy ®BHGgykxneygCarBg ykG~
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i
u Ï i &
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w
i
i I
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†I u
I
w
Á¬
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¬
cHkgTasPaBeKmnxan .
u ¨~
i

31. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
29
kgvalvdsgßardFeFgenH KanG®besrCagkareFxneygmak@ [ma
¨~
†
* M
µ
√I
I
√I Á¬
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nesrPaBsm∫rsb∫ayenaHeLy cENkxnx¨∆M @erb®mHmnrceTtampv
I
Ë
I
M
Á¬
I
i Y
ˬ
kayEttampvctvjxQHCnkNacQanJnenHehysmbgbnbnkcç
ˬ i † i
¨∆M
~
M
¬
I
U
ËÌ
† i
karenHkbrjra[esaH eTbeygVnsx ebeygxac…mn®sH®slKakar
uM I u
I
I
u
I
I
¬
i
u
Y
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®byTrbseygmxCamnQHyagdacxat . CvteygrsKanesrI eteyI
u Ï
'
I
u
i
~
"
'
I i
I
' µ
I
grsefakTabdcsttrcan ? xeTAenOymn®sNke®kay !» . elakKt
'
U
√ i œ
M
u
u
i
mnecHcbmnecHehy ceJHesckTkrbs®bCara®sst®tg' .
i
' i
I
M
†I u ≈
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† ˬ
rlgCae®cnExmk eTbeXjlxtrbselakebtSg ®bmxrdaPVl
M
I
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u
Ω i
VrSgepmkcaghagtlakar GnJat[elakTSgbnak' enA®tmCabKkGs'
∆I
√
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u Ô
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w
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myCvt ehyeFkarCaTmnpg . febkarserceTasyagenHkeday ela
Y
I i
I
√I
© '
√I I
M
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kTSgbBsb∫ayctngGeBenHeT . elakmncgrsTTle®KaHfakEbb
I uM
i † w
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i
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~ '
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I
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¬ ' Á¬
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eXjvasna®beTsngeTAEbbNa !
I
w
Exmfna1943 elakVc-Qn, elaknn-Dg ng®BHGacar¥Ehm-eco
i u
"
W
Y
Y
i
v ®tvVrSgbJnBKkF´®BnKreTAKkF‰ekaH®tLac . eKdakelakTSg3
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u M
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enAKkelx4 EdlCakEngeTaså®kdGsmyCvt . TenHhammn[Gk
u
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u u ≈
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i
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u
w
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i Ì
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ynk®skkeNtesrral´f© . GkeTas®tvbg[eFkarCagstJhn:
M w
u M
I
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U
†
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M I
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KanGkarJr[Vt®tCakVneT .
µ
√I
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i
Y
Y
i
U
u
bpg kmanCmCajkjy . elakrsenAkgtbn' dk-yk Vnrvag6Ex
'
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w
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¨~ M
i
u
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'
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u
©
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elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov kbnvacaeTAkanGacar¥ nn-Dg Caknssß –
* ¬W
'
Y
Y
U
i
- Gacar¥ Dg ?
Y

32. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
30
- mankarG®BHetC®BHKN !˘˘˘
I
u
- GakareraKx¨∆M ®bEhlmnCaeTGacar¥eGy xsayNas' sayeday
i
I
¨∆M †
†
mnVnvleTACbmx®bCara®seygvj ! xmxCaecalqgenAekaH®tLac
i
i
Y
u
†
I i
¨∆M u
wÌ
enHCamnxan smGacar¥‰gtSgsart[EmnETn ebxsabeTA ! ktkst[
i
U
µ I
I ¨∆M ¬ '
uM ' ¨¬
esaH eFemcsgarmnsß rEmgsabeTACaFmta .
√I "
≈
u
¬ '
µ
- ®BHetC®BHKN ! smkTanGssgÙmeBk mxEtngCavjeT˘˘˘ ®KU
u
U uM
'
'
w
u
w
i
eBT¥eKkBgB¥aVleygral´f© !
M u
I
'
- eKB¥aVleygEmn EteKeFesaHngxan eygeXj®sabehyma
I
√I
w
I
I
'
I
nfSG[eygpk ! eraKmlenATenHmnEmn®slemldcenA®skeygeT
~ I
I
w
Y
I
i
Y
I
U
u
I
K90%®tvsab˘˘˘ xral´fedkcSEtsabbeNaH . EteTaHbyagNakeda
W
U
¬ '
¨∆M
' ©
¬ ' u"
ˆ
I "
*
y seFct®BegykektTkGceJHrbxmy˘˘˘.
uM √I i †
I
uM I u ≈ I M
U ¨∆M Y
- eygBrnakKCvtEtmy˘˘˘ eb®BHetC®BHKNsab' xksabEdr ! .
I
I
' W I i
Y
I
u
¬
¨∆M * ¬ '
- vaBtehyGacar¥ Dg eygVnberCatrmKa CabKkkrmKaeTot .
i
I
Y
I
M I
iY ~
' u *Y ~
®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov eJlmkdl®tmeNHkGl edrrkharmatn' w
* Y
I
' i
yayteTAeTotBekt kTajkEnßgCtTkEPk EdlkBgremolecjBrnEP~
uM I
*
U w
~
M u
I Ï
kdxg kattamfal®Cv®Cj´nrdbrsGPB√ . r‰elak nn-Dg febxn
* U
'
ı ' I
Y
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&
I
Y
Y
√I I Á¬
elakmanCmEdrkeday elakenAEfTSber®Krbsxn ≤thanedrecaleTA
W©
*
M I U
' Á¬
fl
I
NaeLy .
I
- ®BHetC®BHKN kKte®cneBk !
u
uM i
I
sdelak nn-Dg ecjTSgrGakrGldcknekg®tveKvaydM . elak
M I
Y
Y
' Y
U U
µ
U
manåTanvacabneTAeTot –
†
- ebsgareygmnGs' mnsabeT ! eygngrsenA ehyVnvleTA
I
≈
I
i
i
¬ '
I
w
'
I
i
®skEfmeTot .
u
- eGxsabVnehy ! EtBybmjenHsbnnmt®Vbxfa «sgareco
I ¨∆M † '
I
I
' i
u i † i i †
' ¨∆M
≈
v‰g®tvGseBlenHehy !» Gacar¥Dg !
U
'
I
Y
- mnEmneT®BHKN ! KBtCakar®sem®s´mrbs®BHKN˘˘˘ s[®BH
i
u
W i
I
'
u
uM
etC®BHKNsmsrakk[nyaye®cneBk nSEtGskmSg≤t®beyaCn_
u
M© M
uM
i
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eT˘˘˘.
- Gacar¥ Dg etelakVc-Qn VndgfaxQ…eT ?
Y
I
"
W
w
¨∆M W
- elakfmndg ! BmßlmjelakVnmksrsxTkEdr bEn®BHetC
I i w
I i
i
Y
u u ≈
u" †

33. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
31
®BHKNsnbmndgxn ! .
u
¬ ' i w Á¬
- cHbn bNcn-ml ?
u ËÌ
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
- bnmlmnTanmkeT ®KanEtepfSmkngeK[eygfamkmnTanrc .
ËÌ u"
i
'
'
∆I ~
w
I
i
'Y
- xcgeXjmteygTSgGsNas' mnnglaelakenHeTA˘˘˘
¨∆M '
I
i †
I
'
u w
semgenHrgrtEteF[ebHdgGacar¥ nn-Dg jabjr Py®By c¬
w w
√I
U
Y
Y
' &
&
Y
M
eJHelak®KCaTeKarB EtmykgelakEdlk®mngrkVn . Clen®t
U
I
Y
¨~
w
elakhr≤tdgxn . elak®KU Ehm-ecov Taj´delak nn-Dg mkdak'
U
w Á¬
Y
Y
eledm®TgdcCankxSgNas' .
I I
U
U
w ¬
enA‰elemX prlan®KhmkanEtrenneLg@ hakdcCacgTaj®B
I

'
w
'
ƒi
I
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lgGacar¥ Ehm-ecov [ptBdekaH®tLacmyreBc . emXggtsb x¥
w
u I I
Y
M
w
¨¬
lKcdBBkExredrdas .
' Y uM
µ
bnce®kaymk ®BHvrNkbgrdceKcakTkBkm EdleF[GkCmrgar
†i
u
*
¨Ì U
' w I Ì
√I
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esr®TSmnVn .
ÊI
i
reBcenaHelakbNcn-mlkclmkdl' eXjelakGacar¥TSgBr
M
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
* U
I
I
jrdcknstdecH elakmanctrePb≤tåbma esrEtrkJk¥nyaymn
& U U
√ U ~
i †M I
ÊI
i
i
rc . TSgbnakmanmxeCakedayTkEPkTSgmndgxn .
Y
I
'
u
w
~
i w Á¬
- elak®KU ! Vn®slxnxH…eT ?
Y
Á¬ ¬
- mnGeTbnml .
i I
ËÌ u"
elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov ®bgjjmTSgTkEPk EbrmxeTAkanelakbufl
w
w
w
~
u
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Ncn-ml rcbnvafa –
ˆ Ê u"
Y
W¬
- k®ByGbn ! rbxsabcHmnsayeT xsayEtxanVneTAeXjva
uM Y
I ËÌ
U ¨∆M ¬ ' u i
†
¨∆M †
I
sna®beTseygbeNaH . smkePckarbdvtnrbseygNa ! eyg®tv
I
u"
ˆ
U uM ¬
i † _
'
I
±
I
U
EteF[VnserckeVHbgecal !
√I
M
uM
'
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¨∆M
' w
√I
†
U
U
erceTbQb' .
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- elakml‰gecHEtVnsxsb∫ayeT…sB´f© ?
u"
u
√
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u
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u"
µ i
i
u
√I
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Y
W© ¨∆M U ~
- VTmnGeT ! xcgmkEfTSNas' EteFeTABekt !
i I
¨∆M '
√I
uM I

34. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
32
- kKtEvgqayeBk enATenHmnEmnpHeygeT eygVnCbmxKabuM i
©
I
i
Ê
I
I
Y
u ~ u"
eNaH KCasNagFehyEmneTDg ?
ˆ
W
M
M
I
Y
- ®tvehy ! TenHCasannrk mnEmnCamnreBT¥eT .
U
I
I
ƒ
i
ÊI
karsnnaKaepßg@Vn®B®BteTAGsry:Ctmyemag eTbelakbNˆ
Ê
~
w †
'
Ci Y
"
I
ufl
cn-mlvl®tLbeTAkEngvj .
Ê u"
i
'
¬ i
my´fkngmk escmcraCkmkpacsgarelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov
Y
© ¬
†
¨ç
*
† '
≈
U
ecalelak nn-Dg [enAEt‰g®tmg®temackNalekaH®tLac . mha
Y
Y
'
†
brsrdenHVnTTlmrN:kgCnay45qS ke®JHEt®sLajCatmatPmi
u
Ω
Y
k¨~
µ u
~
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'
i
u U
mn®BmrsenAe®kamGaNanKmnymVrSgEss .
i
'
i
i
Br´fe®kaymk elakbNcn-ml VnmksreTot ®sabEtVtela
I
©
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
Y
'
'
k®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov eXjEtelak nn-Dg kBgsranedayGssgÙm
U
I
Y
Y
M u
M †
'
w
- bnml ! elak®KGacar¥eygsabeTAehy !
ËÌ u"
U
I
¬ '
I
- elaksabBefrNa ? manpSGxHeT ?
¬ ' I µI
† √I ¬
- elaksabBr´fehy ! sabenAelePArbsx¨∆M ! mnngsabelakV
¬ ' I
©
I
¬ '
I ¬
'
u w
¬ '
nnyayfa «smGacar¥‰g®VbmtTSgLayfa xmnrseT» karksagTk
i
U
' i †
¨∆M i
'
w
deFEtmak‰g BVnserceCaKCyCadacxat, ®tvrmKa®KbCanfak[Vn
I √I
~ '
uM
M
&
'
U Y ~
'
' ~ '
e®cn ehyecHEteFteTAeTot ! crGselakxksagCnsrbxteTAeTot
I
I
√I
U
'
M
M Y
U ¨∆M
cH . xBrEdndmak‰gmnrceT˘˘˘ EpndeygTSgGsKa˘˘˘ xmnxacesck†I
u
¨∆M
I ~ '
i Y
I
I
' ~
¨∆M i ¬
sabeT EtxenAnksay®tgmnVneXj®beTskmCaVn‰kraC¥m¥ag
¬ '
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w
†
' i
I
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"
beNaH . smelakenA[Vnsxkbxan˘˘˘ ebcg[®beTseygVnsx
u"
ˆ
U
u uM I
I
'
I
u
®tverocCasaFarNrdΩ kePcNa ! xlaehyelak˘˘ ˘» .
U
M
uM ¬
±
¨∆M
I
b N S d m a n xm s a r e n H e F[ e l a k bN c n - ml k t ® t a T k kg e b H d g
† *
w¬
√I
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
'
u ¨~
U
rhtdlsB´f© . elakVneTAerobcpr[vrbrseygyagsmrm¥eTot
U
'
√
M Ë~
I u
I
"
pg .
mtGkGanCaTem®tI ! ®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecovVnsabenAekaH®tLack*
i † ~
I
¬ '
BtEmnehy Et®BlgrbselakehaHehrmksNtkgxrk∫alknExr
i
I
w
'
I
iÏ ¨~ Y
U
µ
GkeshaCat®Kb@kal . edaysarvrPaBrbselakenHehy EdljSg
~
~
i
'
I
'
I
¨
Exreyg[nSKaeFneyaVy edjVrSgxatecjBmatPmeyg rhtdl'
µ
I
~ √I
Ê
I
u U i
I
U
VnrbbsaFarNrdΩ .
eygTSgGsKa
I
' ~
smeKarBvJaNknrbselak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov
U
i Ô
≈ Ï
'
U

35. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
33
rdbrsExr ngkl¥aNmtelaklHdl´fsab' .
Ω u
µ
i
i †
u
' © ¬
Gkeroberog
~
Kg'-sm∏ar
❑
❑
❑
BFTTlGdFatGacar¥ Ehm-ecov
i I Y
Ωi
u
enA´fT4 kkda 1972 KCa´f®bvtsa®sfmy EdlrdaPVlVnnS®BH
© I
˚
W
©
†i
† µI Y
Ω i
GdFat®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov BekaH®tLacmkeFbN¥enA®beTseygvj e®ka
Ωi u
I
√I u
I i
mGFbtPaB´nsemcsgÙTSgBrKN: ngelak®bFanaFbetln-nl' ®BmTS
i I
†
I
i
i
I
'
gCnrmQamCae®cnpg .
Y
I
FatvrbrsenH VntmlTkenAvtåNaelamsB´f© .
uI u
˚ ' u
†
ˆ
√

36. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
34
bEnmBess
ƒ i
®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov
«ekt» saCafIµ
I
‹‹‹ GktsExrmyrb kgceNamGktsCae®cneTot EdlVnbCa
~
Ufl µ Y
U
¨~ M
~
Ufl
I
U
Cvt kgkar®byTbrpac®bqSgngkarCHCansgtsgn rbsGaNanKm
I i
¨~
u Ï Ë† † '
w
i
'
˚ '
i˚
'
i
nymVrSg ehyEdl®tv®bvtsa®sCati VnbePcecalksmyraCani
i
I
U
†i
†
M ¬
¨~
&
ym VnTTlktysrseLgvj . KqgrbselakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov Ed
Y
i †i
' I i
W wÌ
'
leKVnbbrbgTkecalenAbreTs®skyn bNal[eBlevlasbpa
M
' u
u
Y
†
uI M ¬
jbVtPstagyaggaybptnvvrPaBmy eTbEtng®tvdknStamynM
'
¨†
"
M u U I
Y
I
w
U w
†
ehaH vl®tLbmkkanTkdEdlVnplkeNtdlelak ehyelakV
i
'
' w I
† ' M
I
'
I
nbgrQamedm∫tbsgKNvj .
Ë˙
I I
~
u
i
kalB®Bk´fGgarmßlmj (´fT4kkda1972) BFbN¥tam®b´BNI
I w
©

i
i
© I
˚
i I u
sasna VncatEcgeLgyagåLark edm∫plktysdlkartsUfl Edl
'
I
"
i
I I † ' i †i
'
elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov VnbCaCvtCnCati .
U
I i U
BFbN¥enHVneF[ct†
i I u
√I
i
ExrrePb VnG®gnmnskar[nkeTAdlsErkQcab' EdlExrVnTTl
µ M I
'
i
w
' M
W
µ
Y
dlTkEPkngdNkQam EdlGkeshaCatExrVns®mkedaysar®s
' w
~ i
M
'
~
~
i µ
'
LajCati xkarJrCatyagmanH [VnKgvgß cejHkarCHCanrbsBkGa
'
M
i "
'
M
i
'
' Y
NanKmnym EdlBjejt´dngsmabbpajbVt®kmbJvneyg .
i
i
uM
I
w
¬ ' M ¬
M
' u
Ô †
I
elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov VnsabecalqgenAkgKk‰ekaH®tLac Ed
¬ '
wÌ
¨~ u
lCamNldakTNkmµ eF[TarNkmdlBkbHeVrenA≤NcnEdlha
Î
'
Î
√I
u
µ
' Y
ËÎ i
fl
nts®bqSgngGNacpackarrbsGaNanKmnymVrSg . e®kABeQaH
Ufl
w
M
† '
'
i
i
I
µ
elak Ehm-ecov eKGacerobrabrayeQaHGktsExrde®cneTot EdlVn
'
µ ~
Ufl µ *
I
TTlrge®KaHsabVtbgCvtedaysarsa´dVrSgman ®kLaehamKg,' Ga
Y
¬ '
'
' I i
~
car¥sa, eJkeVr Caedm ngkarXbXtk∫tCatrbsExrxH EdlVnlk'
√
M
I
i
u
i
'
i
' µ ¬
xnbrpacpabctecAhaybreTs .
Á¬ ˆ † '  ' i †
√
kgsmyraCnymskPmi GkkanGNacEtPy®ByVrmceJHKnt
¨~
&
i
†i U
~
' M
&
Y
∏ M
M i
bdvtn_ . ehtenHCv®bvt´nGktsedm∫Cati mankar®bqSgngBkGaNa
i †
u
I
†i
~
Ufl I I
w
Y

37. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
35
nKmnymCaedm Vn®tveKbePcecalbpajsa´dbVtPstag ehyxM
i
i
I
U
M ¬
M ¬
~
M
'
¨†
I
bbnTBr®bvtsa®s[elkdekgvN: EdlVnTTlbBsTkgkarCHCa
M " M &
†i
†
I M I
ˆ
Y
u √ i Ïi ¨~
i
n' ®bvJBCtkqayk†I el®bCara®sEtbeNaH . ehtenHeTot Gkßrsl∫_
& ç I i †I ©
I
†
u"
ˆ
u
i
Cateyg EdlVnbePcecalsn¥sgnvdNkQam´nGkEdlVnbCa
i
I
M ¬
U
u
U M
'
~
U
CvtCnCati KrEtbpserOgbdvtnrbsGkeshaCati [VnBsareLg
I i U
Y
M u
i †i _
' ~
~
i †
I
vj .
i
kgkal:eTs:dlVk EdlExreyg®tvB®ggmnskarCat[kanEt
¨~
* M
µ
I
U
w
i
i
'
VnrgbgCaGtmrma edm∫GayCvtCati ehyEdlExreygkBgelkdekI
w
uw
i
I I
u I i
I
µ
I
M u
I M
gKntbdvtneshaCatenaH kKrEteygecHrbrmKa …myecHEckpvKa
M i
i † _
~
i
* Y
I
Y Y ~
Y
ˬ ~
edr tamlT®bCaFbety¥yagc∫aslasmy ( La vraie démocratie est
I
Ïi
i
"
'
' Y
I uM U ~
M u
i
'
de savoir se diviser ) . ebBdecaHeT karbpsmnskarCati ®KanEtbeNay[®bvtsa®sfesccGk edm∫begtåNkmdleygEfmeTotbu"
†
†i
† µI
I M
I I
˚I
Î µ
'
I
eNaHeT . ehyKntrbselakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov EdleTbng «rs»
ˆ
I
M i
'
I w
'
eLgvjenHk†I kng®tvsabsn¥eTAvjmnxan .
I i
* w
U
U
i
i
nKrFM
ecj´fT5 kkda 1972
© I
˚
❑
Gacar¥ Ehm-ecov
elakbNcn-ml VneFsmasnkgTrTsßnExr´fT7 ExenH GBI
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
√I
∏
_ ¨~ U
_ µ
© I
M
GdFatelakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov EdlelakVneTAKasykmkBekaH®tLa
Ωi
u
'
I
c edm∫ykmkeFbN¥CapvkarenA´fmx . elakBn¥l[eygralKaKt
I I
√I u
ˬ
© u
'
I
' ~ i
eXjfa eTaHelaksabeTACag30qSehy KgEtCatmnePcKNelak
I
¬ '
~
I
'
i i
¬ u
Gacar¥ Ehm-ecov EdlelakVneFceJHCati . tamelakbNcn-ml
√I M
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
ehytameygVndgæxH@mk elakGacar¥ Ehm-ecovc∫asCaGkPakrÆ
I
I
w
¬
'
~ ∆ '
kTmyceJHvasnaCatEmn . eygCaBlrdsaFarNrdExrmanctCaExr
I Y
M
i
I
Ω
Ω µ
i †
µ
TSgGsKa KrcS[c∫asnvJk¥elakbNcn-ml EdlelakVnrlkfa
' ~ Y
' U
ufl
ˆ Ê u"
M w
®skNakeday eKEtgmanmnsßCaKrU
u
*
u
M
Edl®tvykqayalkNmkTk
U
& ≈
_
u

38. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
36
pH Cae®KOgskarbCa .
Ê
˚ U
enA®skkgeKTk KnÏI CamnsßT1 EdlBlrdeKmanrbTkCavtska
u ¬i 
u
u
I
Ω
U u
¨ƒ
˚
rbCa®Kb@Ka eKyknarmakKnag sandak Edlra®senA®skVrSg eKTTY
U
' ~
I ~ ' W
†
u
lsalCa®BHmyrbEdr ( Sainte Jeann D'Arc ) enA®sk‰eTotkmanmn '
Y
U
u
*
u
sßEdlsabeTAyrehy EdlrdeKmnePcsgKNeLy .
¬ '
U
I
Ω
i
¬
u
I
EteygKrktsKalfa mnsßEdleKKreKarB Ke®cnEtmnsßsab'
I
Y
' M
'
u
Y
W
I
u
¬
yreTAehy@ EdlKannrNaGac ®bEkkVnfamnEmnCaGkeshaCati
U
I
µ
i
~
~
eLy .
I
escshnVnebkqakmneK[eKeKarBTSgGs' eygVneXjehy
†
I
u
I
u
I
I
I
fa kareKarBenHVneF√eTAkgkarbgtbgM≈ ehyEdlescenHedrxspv
I
¨~
i≈
I
†
I u
ˬ
yks®tveFCamt† ykmteFCas®tv eygralKamn®tmEtElgeKarB
U
√I
i
i † √I
U
I
' ~ i
w
e yg V n T S g k a te T a s e sc e n H f a C a e sc k ∫ tC a t i ® tv m a n e T a s ® b h a r
I
'
†
†
'
U
Cvtpg .
I i
s≥ s≥
®sgecjBdarBtmanseÂgaHCati
'
I
·

´fT10 kkda 1972
© I
˚
GtbTTSgBrxagelenHs[eXjfa ®BHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov mnEmnCa
ƒ
I
I
I
i
mnsßFmtaeT KelakBtCaVnbeBjmhaBlkmd®besr CnCati sas
u
µ
W
i
M
i µ *
I U
na d≤t®bEkkVneLy . eygmankaresaksayNas' edaymnVncH
*
I
I
†
i
u
GtbTsxan@´nsarBtmand´TeTot e®JHk[®kaseBk .
ƒ
M
'
·
uM
'

39. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
37
®bkasnyb®t rdbrsCati
I
&
Ω u
VneXj escksercrbsKN:rdmÂn†I smy®bCuM
I
†I M
'
Ω
&
na´fTI 22 mna K˘s˘ 1972 sBkarTTlsal' ngkar
©
I
†I I
Y

i
eprFatelakGacar¥ Ehm-ecov mkBekaH®tLac,
Ê
u
I
VneXj escksercrbsKN:rdmÂn†I smy®bCuM
I
†I M
'
Ω
&
na´fTI 14 kkda K˘s˘ 1972
©
˚
tmltemgzan:elak
˚ '
˚I
Gacar¥ Ehm-ecov CardbrsCati kgbcamrN:,
Ω u
¨~
œ
®bFanaFbtI ´n saFarNrdExr
i
Ω µ
®bkasfa :
VnTTlsalnvGeBlTSgLay rbselak®KGacar¥
Y
 ' U M I Ì
'
U
Ehm-ecov
EdlVneFCn®bCaCatExr
√I U
i µ
GgGac kalBrvag K˘s˘ 1942
'
I
KskmPaBmHmt
W
µ
u u
edm∫dasstknExr[
I I
'
i U
µ
®bqSg ngerb®mHecjBnmGaNanKmnymbreTs .
i I
I w
i
i
®bCaCatExr smtmlelak®KGacar¥ Ehm-ecov TkCa
i µ
U
˚ '
U
u
rdbrsCati ngCaKrdåtm srabklbtExrTeTA .
Ω u
i
MU * †
M ' u
u † µ U
eFenAPeBj, ´fTI 20 kkda K˘s˘ 1972
√I
M~
©
˚
esna®bmx ln-nl'
u
'

40. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
38
®seNaHGacar¥ Ehm-ecov
nBnedayssß eBA-sTÏI
i Ï
i
u
« CndlGkeshaCatExr®Kbrb »
U
' ~
~
i µ
'U
epm
†I
semgkVlTn ! Tn !˘˘˘˘˘
¬
" ' U
U
1- sE®mknavalakBgEp
M '
eTAmx≤tEbrdknSCnExrGkeshaCati
u
w
µ ~
~
EsnckQamNas' {racegøt laGsepAjati
u
Ì
'
2- mxKrsegKe®kamemXbN®Vk'
u Y
√
·
evTna
xpgGJl®sdeLgfa
M ç '
ç I
I I
´dCab®cvakeCg®bgTFakEsn
'
" ' I
w
'
[Catexmra
i
bnr- { ! sdcge®kaydegayehAExr
Ê
M I u
˙
µ
eFemcrbelakVnCa®CleCg
√I † U
u
I
XatTSgsasna .
¬
nSKaPakeLg .
~ ∆ ' I
smCyEkE®bCat[efg
U Y
i
˚I
Tk[rbeygesaksay®KbKa .
u
U
I
†
' ~
3- Ehm-ecov kst®JtrbVteTA
M
'
'U
'
EtekreQaHenArn®keGAeBjelaka
_i†
µ
ÊW
rdbrs´nCatexmra
Ω u
i
bCakayaCn®beTsCati .
U
U
ce®mogenHmtsl∫krNakGacykeTAe®cogVnEdr
i † i
*
[EtrkßaeQaHGkEtg
µ ~
❑

41. Ehm-ecov vrbrsCati
I u
39
{! ekaH®tLac
bTePg-Tnke®cog
¬
M u
e®cogeday
yg-Qag
" '
senog-ÚTÏI
M
epm- { ! Tkd´®B®BkßanaekaH®tLac
†I
w I
w
xsmep®BHGdFatelak®KGacar¥
¨∆M U
∆I
Ωi
u
U
Ehm-ecov ngExreshaCat‰eTotpg˘˘˘
i
µ
~
i
1- { ! ekaH®tLac
Gacar¥Ehm-ecov
xGJvnav
M M
ehyrnt'
I
Ï
carkedayQam
w
ehArkknExr
U
µ
2- ekaH®tLaceGy
I
eCaKCy
&
Kr[xac
Y
¬
EdlVnrlt'
M
elEpndI
I
vJaNknÏ
i Ô
≈
E®skharkeJøv
fl
ç
Gkbdvtn_ .
~
i †
xæehy@sca
¨∆M
I
ç
TkctknExrnasmy
w i † U
µ
&
karJrsasnabnkarNlH®ta
†
_ u
saFarNrdΩ
mnEdlPSgPat'
i
¬
¬
ePcbBbrsåtmGtteLy .
¬ u √ u
†
I
I
GeNayBelakyg-Qag GknBnbTePgngTnke®cog
M
I
" '
~ i Ï
¬
i
M u
bdvtndl∫l∫aj kgsaFarNrdExr
i † _ *
I
¨~
Ω µ