In most chemical engineering curriculums, distillation and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) do not receive equal billing. Yet, this powerful separations technology is in place across the CPI, pharmaceutical and oil/gas industries. Discover how to design an LLE column with industry experts Don Glatz and Brendan Cross as they discuss specific examples and separations challenges.
Use and Applications of Membranes
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 GENERAL
4.1 What is a Membrane Process?
4.2 What does a Membrane look like?
4.3 Why use Membranes?
4.4 Membrane Types and Polymers Used
5 REVERSE OSMOSIS
5.1 Principles of Reverse Osmosis
5.2 Limitations
5.3 Performance
5.4 Costs
5.5 Worked Example
5.6 Applications
6 MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION
6.1 Microfiltration
6.2 Ultrafiltration
7 PERVAPORATION
7.1 Classes of Application
7.2 Characteristics
7.3 Costs
7.4 Example - Lurgi Design
7.5 Application - Stripping Organics from Water
8 GAS SEPARATION AND VAPOR PERMEATION
8.1 Gas Separation
8.2 Vapor Permeation
9 LESS COMMON MEMBRANE PROCESSES
9.1 Dialysis
9.2 Electrodialysis
9.3 Electrolysis
9.4 Salt Splitting
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
TABLES
1 UTILITY CONSUMPTION AND COST COMPARISON
Narrow Range Ethoxylates - Highly targeted performance for more effective cle...Sorel Muresan
A narrow range ethoxylated alcohol, also called “a peaked ethoxylate”, has a distribution curve that is narrower than the equivalent standard alcohol ethoxylate with a considerably lower content of unreacted alcohol and lower foam than standard ethoxylates. Narrow range ethoxylates have targeted properties to improve degreasing performance at lower use concentration, while eliminating the need for hazardous solvents. At the same time they are compatible with most commonly used surfactants and builders. They also have very low odor, even if based on a short chain alcohol. This opens up many applications where short chain alcohol ethoxylates have previously been excluded and enables the formulator to prepare highly effective low VOC cleaners. The lower free alcohol content and higher proportion of the target ethoxylate make formulating easier and more cost effective than with standard alcohol ethoxylates. This offers the possibility to optimize raw material purchase, reduce inventories, and simplify production.
In most chemical engineering curriculums, distillation and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) do not receive equal billing. Yet, this powerful separations technology is in place across the CPI, pharmaceutical and oil/gas industries. Discover how to design an LLE column with industry experts Don Glatz and Brendan Cross as they discuss specific examples and separations challenges.
Use and Applications of Membranes
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 GENERAL
4.1 What is a Membrane Process?
4.2 What does a Membrane look like?
4.3 Why use Membranes?
4.4 Membrane Types and Polymers Used
5 REVERSE OSMOSIS
5.1 Principles of Reverse Osmosis
5.2 Limitations
5.3 Performance
5.4 Costs
5.5 Worked Example
5.6 Applications
6 MICROFILTRATION AND ULTRAFILTRATION
6.1 Microfiltration
6.2 Ultrafiltration
7 PERVAPORATION
7.1 Classes of Application
7.2 Characteristics
7.3 Costs
7.4 Example - Lurgi Design
7.5 Application - Stripping Organics from Water
8 GAS SEPARATION AND VAPOR PERMEATION
8.1 Gas Separation
8.2 Vapor Permeation
9 LESS COMMON MEMBRANE PROCESSES
9.1 Dialysis
9.2 Electrodialysis
9.3 Electrolysis
9.4 Salt Splitting
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
TABLES
1 UTILITY CONSUMPTION AND COST COMPARISON
Narrow Range Ethoxylates - Highly targeted performance for more effective cle...Sorel Muresan
A narrow range ethoxylated alcohol, also called “a peaked ethoxylate”, has a distribution curve that is narrower than the equivalent standard alcohol ethoxylate with a considerably lower content of unreacted alcohol and lower foam than standard ethoxylates. Narrow range ethoxylates have targeted properties to improve degreasing performance at lower use concentration, while eliminating the need for hazardous solvents. At the same time they are compatible with most commonly used surfactants and builders. They also have very low odor, even if based on a short chain alcohol. This opens up many applications where short chain alcohol ethoxylates have previously been excluded and enables the formulator to prepare highly effective low VOC cleaners. The lower free alcohol content and higher proportion of the target ethoxylate make formulating easier and more cost effective than with standard alcohol ethoxylates. This offers the possibility to optimize raw material purchase, reduce inventories, and simplify production.
BENFIELD LIQUOR: DETERMINATION OF IRON
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This method is suitable for the determination of the total iron in Benfield liquor samples up to a concentration of approximately 100 ppm m/v.
Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide by Cadmium Sulfide PrecipitationGerard B. Hawkins
Plant Analytical Techniques
Gas Analysis: Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide by Cadmium Sulfide Precipitation
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This method is suitable for the in situ determination of hydrogen sulfide in ammonia plant gas streams when testing is required during catalyst reduction.
PRINCIPLE
Hydrogen sulfide present in the gas precipitates cadmium sulfide from a cadmium solution. The precipitate is filtered then reacted with iodine; the excess iodine is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate.
Typical Stabilizer Chloride Management Problems
What Causes NH4Cl Salts?
Mitigating System Fouling
Operating practices
Problems with Water Injection
Design To Mitigate Salt Formation
Prevention
Remove Nitrogen from the feed
Remove chloride from stabilizer feed
Chloride Guard Bed
Caustic Injection
Water Wash
Summary
CONTENTS
1 SCOPE
2 PROPERTIES OF FLUID
2.1 General Properties of Sodium Hydroxide
2.2 Physical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide and its Solutions
2.3 Chemical Properties and uses of Sodium Hydroxide
2.4 Physiological effects of Sodium Hydroxide
2.5 Specifications of Commercial Caustic Soda Grades
3 CHOICE OF PUMP TYPE
3.1 Pump Duty
3.2 Pump Type
4 RECOMMENDED LINE DIAGRAMS
5 RECOMMENDED LAYOUT
6 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
7 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
7.1 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
7.2 Austenitic Stainless Steel
7.3 Aluminium, Aluminium Alloys, etc.
7.4 Non-Metallic Materials
TABLES
1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Solid Form)
2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Solution Form)
3 CAUSTIC SODA GRADES
FIGURES
1.1 LINE DIAGRAM - HORIZONTAL GLANDED, GLANDLESS AND VERTICAL IN-LINE PUMPS
1.2 LINE DIAGRAM - VERTICAL SPINDLE CANTILEVER PUMPS
1.3 LINE DIAGRAM - SELF PRIMING PUMPS
1.4 LINE DIAGRAM - RECIPROCATING PLUNGER METERING PUMPS
1.5 LINE DIAGRAM - POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT DIAPHRAGM METERING PUMPS
1.6 WATER FLUSHING ARRANGEMENT FOR DOUBLE MECHANICAL SEAL
1.7 WATER FLUSH (QUENCH) ARRANGEMENT FOR SINGLE HARD FACED (CARBIDE) SEAL AND BACK-UP LIP SEAL
2 PHASE DIAGRAM OF NaOH-H2O
3 VISCOSITY OF AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
4 VAPOR PRESSURE OF AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
5 ENTHALPY CONCENTRATION FOR AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY FOR AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
7 DILUTION OF CAUSTIC SODA LIQUOR
8 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
9 SPECIFIC HEAT OF CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
10 BOILING POINTS OF STRONG CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS AT REDUCED PRESSURE
11 COMMENCEMENT OF FREEZING OF CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS (0 - 52% W/W)
12 TEMPERATURES ATTAINED ON DISSOLUTION OF ANHYDROUS CAUSTIC SODA
13 HEAT OF SOLUTION FOR ANHYDROUS CAUSTIC SODA
14 SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
15 DENSITY - CONCENTRATION TABLES FOR CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS AT 600 F (15.5 0 C)
16 MATERIAL SELECTION CHART FOR CAUSTIC SODA HANDLING
Reactor Arrangement for Continuous Vapor Phase ChlorinationGerard B. Hawkins
Reactor Arrangement for Continuous Vapor Phase Chlorination
CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 REACTOR
3 CHEMICAL SYSTEM
4 PROCESS CHEMISTRY
5 KINETICS EXPERIMENTS AND MODELING
6 INTERPRETATION OF KINETICS INFORMATION
7 OPERATING CONDITIONS AND REACTOR DESIGN
8 REACTOR STABILITY AND CONTROL
FIGURES
1 POSTULATED REACTION PATHS FOR PROGRESSIVE CHLORINATION OF B-PICOLINE 3
2 CHLORINATION OF b-PICOLINE: MODEL PREDICTIONS OF PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN FULLY-MIXED REACTOR
3 TWO-STAGE REACTOR: RATE OF CHLORINATION OF b-PICOLINE
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS ENGINEERING GUIDE
Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas C...Gerard B. Hawkins
Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane
And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This document is a method for the determination of carbon dioxide, ethane and nitrogen in natural gas in the range 0-10% v/v.
2 PRINCIPLE
The gas sample will be injected automatically by a ten port valve onto the poraplot U column. The nitrogen will elute first and be switched to the mole sieve column. The mole sieve column will be isolated and the poraplot column will elute the carbon dioxide and ethane via a restrictor column to the detector. After the elution of the carbon dioxide and ethane the poraplot column will be back flushed. Then the nitrogen will be allowed to elute from the mole sieve column (see figure 1.) ...
Methanol Casale Advanced Reactor Concept (ARC) Converter Retrofit CASE STUDY #10231406
For older methanol plants, efficiency is worse than for a modern plant
• To maximize profit we must improve either
– Plant efficiency
– Plant production rate
This case study highlights the revamp of a Middle Eastern Methanol Plant ARC converter with part IMC internals, to improve efficiency and production; with no CO2 addition to the Synloop, and with CO2 addition to the Synloop.
- 250 TPD CO2
- 500 TPD CO2
METHANOL PLANT - SHALE GAS FEED PRETREATMENT
CASE STUDY #091406
Case Background
A Methanol plant operator would like to examine the technical feasibility of using Shale Gas as a feedstock to their Methanol plant.
The first step in the Methanol production process is gas pretreatment. The purpose of gas pretreatment is to make the gas suitable for the downstream processes. There are two groups of compounds that are usually present in natural gas and that should be removed during pretreatment—the associate NGL and the sulfur-containing compounds. Some natural gas reservoirs may also have other trace components that must be removed, but these are not discussed here.
This case study examines the impact of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) on the pre-treatment section design, performance and efficiency of ACME Methanol Plant’ feed gas pre-treatment section.
Case 1: Normal Shale Gas
Case 2: “Bad Gas”
Case 3: Low CO2
Case 4: High CO2
Introduction High temperature shift Catalysts
Low temperature shift catalysts
Catalyst storage, handling, charging and discharging
Health and safety precautions
Reduction and start-up of high temperature shift catalysts
Operation of high temperature shift catalysts
Reduction and start-up of low temperature shift catalysts
Operation of low temperature shift catalysts
BENFIELD LIQUOR: DETERMINATION OF IRON
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This method is suitable for the determination of the total iron in Benfield liquor samples up to a concentration of approximately 100 ppm m/v.
Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide by Cadmium Sulfide PrecipitationGerard B. Hawkins
Plant Analytical Techniques
Gas Analysis: Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide by Cadmium Sulfide Precipitation
SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This method is suitable for the in situ determination of hydrogen sulfide in ammonia plant gas streams when testing is required during catalyst reduction.
PRINCIPLE
Hydrogen sulfide present in the gas precipitates cadmium sulfide from a cadmium solution. The precipitate is filtered then reacted with iodine; the excess iodine is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate.
Typical Stabilizer Chloride Management Problems
What Causes NH4Cl Salts?
Mitigating System Fouling
Operating practices
Problems with Water Injection
Design To Mitigate Salt Formation
Prevention
Remove Nitrogen from the feed
Remove chloride from stabilizer feed
Chloride Guard Bed
Caustic Injection
Water Wash
Summary
CONTENTS
1 SCOPE
2 PROPERTIES OF FLUID
2.1 General Properties of Sodium Hydroxide
2.2 Physical Properties of Sodium Hydroxide and its Solutions
2.3 Chemical Properties and uses of Sodium Hydroxide
2.4 Physiological effects of Sodium Hydroxide
2.5 Specifications of Commercial Caustic Soda Grades
3 CHOICE OF PUMP TYPE
3.1 Pump Duty
3.2 Pump Type
4 RECOMMENDED LINE DIAGRAMS
5 RECOMMENDED LAYOUT
6 CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
7 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
7.1 Nickel and Nickel Alloys
7.2 Austenitic Stainless Steel
7.3 Aluminium, Aluminium Alloys, etc.
7.4 Non-Metallic Materials
TABLES
1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Solid Form)
2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Solution Form)
3 CAUSTIC SODA GRADES
FIGURES
1.1 LINE DIAGRAM - HORIZONTAL GLANDED, GLANDLESS AND VERTICAL IN-LINE PUMPS
1.2 LINE DIAGRAM - VERTICAL SPINDLE CANTILEVER PUMPS
1.3 LINE DIAGRAM - SELF PRIMING PUMPS
1.4 LINE DIAGRAM - RECIPROCATING PLUNGER METERING PUMPS
1.5 LINE DIAGRAM - POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT DIAPHRAGM METERING PUMPS
1.6 WATER FLUSHING ARRANGEMENT FOR DOUBLE MECHANICAL SEAL
1.7 WATER FLUSH (QUENCH) ARRANGEMENT FOR SINGLE HARD FACED (CARBIDE) SEAL AND BACK-UP LIP SEAL
2 PHASE DIAGRAM OF NaOH-H2O
3 VISCOSITY OF AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
4 VAPOR PRESSURE OF AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
5 ENTHALPY CONCENTRATION FOR AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY FOR AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
7 DILUTION OF CAUSTIC SODA LIQUOR
8 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AQUEOUS CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
9 SPECIFIC HEAT OF CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
10 BOILING POINTS OF STRONG CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS AT REDUCED PRESSURE
11 COMMENCEMENT OF FREEZING OF CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS (0 - 52% W/W)
12 TEMPERATURES ATTAINED ON DISSOLUTION OF ANHYDROUS CAUSTIC SODA
13 HEAT OF SOLUTION FOR ANHYDROUS CAUSTIC SODA
14 SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS
15 DENSITY - CONCENTRATION TABLES FOR CAUSTIC SODA SOLUTIONS AT 600 F (15.5 0 C)
16 MATERIAL SELECTION CHART FOR CAUSTIC SODA HANDLING
Reactor Arrangement for Continuous Vapor Phase ChlorinationGerard B. Hawkins
Reactor Arrangement for Continuous Vapor Phase Chlorination
CONTENTS
1 BACKGROUND
2 REACTOR
3 CHEMICAL SYSTEM
4 PROCESS CHEMISTRY
5 KINETICS EXPERIMENTS AND MODELING
6 INTERPRETATION OF KINETICS INFORMATION
7 OPERATING CONDITIONS AND REACTOR DESIGN
8 REACTOR STABILITY AND CONTROL
FIGURES
1 POSTULATED REACTION PATHS FOR PROGRESSIVE CHLORINATION OF B-PICOLINE 3
2 CHLORINATION OF b-PICOLINE: MODEL PREDICTIONS OF PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN FULLY-MIXED REACTOR
3 TWO-STAGE REACTOR: RATE OF CHLORINATION OF b-PICOLINE
DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS PROCESS ENGINEERING GUIDE
Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas C...Gerard B. Hawkins
Determination of Carbon Dioxide, Ethane
And Nitrogen in Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This document is a method for the determination of carbon dioxide, ethane and nitrogen in natural gas in the range 0-10% v/v.
2 PRINCIPLE
The gas sample will be injected automatically by a ten port valve onto the poraplot U column. The nitrogen will elute first and be switched to the mole sieve column. The mole sieve column will be isolated and the poraplot column will elute the carbon dioxide and ethane via a restrictor column to the detector. After the elution of the carbon dioxide and ethane the poraplot column will be back flushed. Then the nitrogen will be allowed to elute from the mole sieve column (see figure 1.) ...
Methanol Casale Advanced Reactor Concept (ARC) Converter Retrofit CASE STUDY #10231406
For older methanol plants, efficiency is worse than for a modern plant
• To maximize profit we must improve either
– Plant efficiency
– Plant production rate
This case study highlights the revamp of a Middle Eastern Methanol Plant ARC converter with part IMC internals, to improve efficiency and production; with no CO2 addition to the Synloop, and with CO2 addition to the Synloop.
- 250 TPD CO2
- 500 TPD CO2
METHANOL PLANT - SHALE GAS FEED PRETREATMENT
CASE STUDY #091406
Case Background
A Methanol plant operator would like to examine the technical feasibility of using Shale Gas as a feedstock to their Methanol plant.
The first step in the Methanol production process is gas pretreatment. The purpose of gas pretreatment is to make the gas suitable for the downstream processes. There are two groups of compounds that are usually present in natural gas and that should be removed during pretreatment—the associate NGL and the sulfur-containing compounds. Some natural gas reservoirs may also have other trace components that must be removed, but these are not discussed here.
This case study examines the impact of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) on the pre-treatment section design, performance and efficiency of ACME Methanol Plant’ feed gas pre-treatment section.
Case 1: Normal Shale Gas
Case 2: “Bad Gas”
Case 3: Low CO2
Case 4: High CO2
Introduction High temperature shift Catalysts
Low temperature shift catalysts
Catalyst storage, handling, charging and discharging
Health and safety precautions
Reduction and start-up of high temperature shift catalysts
Operation of high temperature shift catalysts
Reduction and start-up of low temperature shift catalysts
Operation of low temperature shift catalysts
OVERVIEW - FIXED BED ADSORBER DESIGN GUIDELINES
Fixed-bed adsorber design is based upon the following considerations:
• Adsorbent bed profile and media loading capacity characteristics for the specific application and adsorbent material used.
• Pressure drop characteristics across the adsorbent bed.
• Reaction kinetics.
Typically, adsorber design entails use of the following methodology:
• Adsorbent selection based upon performance and application information.
• Bed sizing based upon adsorbent loading data and service life requirements.
• Bed sizing adjustment based upon pressure drop criteria.
• Bed sizing adjustment based upon reaction kinetics criteria.
A discussion of each design consideration follows.
Wastewater is produced by multiple sources, including chemical manufacturing, power generation, petroleum product extraction, and private residences. Specific industries can use knowledge of around the analytes present in wastewater to make decisions on reuse, treatment, or whether disposal is the most cost effective option. Prior to any discharge into ground or surface waters, the level of specific analytes must be determined to ensure that they do not exceed regulated limits. If these limits are being exceeded, treatment will be required. Ion Chromatography (IC) is the primary technique used for measuring the concentration of ions in wastewater and numerous methods have been developed that meet regulatory requirements. Learn about IC methods that enable accurate, consistent, and rapid measurement of both anions, such as chloride, sulfate, and bromate, and cations, such as sodium and magnesium.
Methanator Water Wash Procedures
To avoid nickel carbonyl formation, it is preferable to heat the catalyst above 400oF in nitrogen or some other CO free gas. If this is impractical and the catalyst must be heated with process gas, low pressure, high rate heating should be employed. The gas must be vented at a height and ideally flared. Care should be taken to ensure all methanator and local drains are shut.
Design and Simulation of Continuous Distillation ColumnsGerard B. Hawkins
Design and Simulation of Continuous Distillation Columns
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
5 ROUGH METHOD OF COLUMN DESIGN
5.1 Sharp Separations
5.2 Sloppy Separations
6 DETAIL DESIGN USING THE CHEMCAD DISTILLATION PROGRAM
6.1 Sharp Separations
6.2 Sloppy Separations
7 COMPLEX COLUMNS
7.1 Multiple Feeds
7.2 Sidestream Take-Offs
8 DESIGN USING A LABORATORY COLUMN
SIMULATION
9 DESIGN USING ACTUAL PLANT DATA
9.1 Uprating or Debottlenecking Exercises
10 REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A WORKED EXAMPLE
B SLOPPY SEPARATIONS
C SIMULATION USING PLANT DATA : CASE HISTORIES
TABLES
H - Acid Caustic Fusion Stage
CONTENTS
0 INTRODUCTION
1 DESIGN INFORMATION
1.1 Reactor Type
1.2 Temperature Range
1.3 Pressure Range
1.4 Chemical System
2 BACKGROUND
3 KINETICS AND MECHANISM
4 MAXIMUM YIELD AND IMPLICATIONS FOR REACTOR DESIGN
5 USE OF DESIGN MODEL FOR START-UP AND MANUFACTURING MONITORING
6 BIBLIOGRAPHY
FIGURES
1 FUSION MODEL OUTLINE MECHANISM AND KINETIC SCHEME
2 TEST RUN OPTIMIZATION OF HEATING TIME 3600 kg/h STEAM
Quick Spray Industrial is pure polyurea from VIP GMBH.Orbit is one of the 1st group to use polyurea as water proffing agent putting a high bench mark in construction Industry.
2. Overview
• Our Businesses --
– Precious Metal Marketing and Refining
– Catalysts and Technologies for Chemicals Processes
– Auto catalysts, Heavy Duty Diesel Catalysts and pollution control systems.
– Fuel Cell Components
– API and research chemicals.
• Origins date back to 1817, floated 1942, FTSE 100 company since
June 2002
• Net Revenues of £ 10 billion for year ending Mar 2011.
• Operations in over 30 countries with 9,700 employees. Tangible
presence in almost all countries.
• Expertise in advanced materials with focus on high value added, high
technology products and services
2
3. Divisional Structure
Johnson
Matthey
Environmental Technologies Precious Metal Products Fine Chemicals
Emission Control Technologies Services API Manufacturing
Process Technologies - Platinum Marketing and Distribution - Macfarlan Smith
- Refining - Pharmaceutical Materials
Fuel Cells and Services
Manufacturing
Research Chemicals
- Noble Metals
- Colour Technologies
- Catalysts and Chemicals
3
5. Waste Water Treatment
Technology
- Technology for Water Recycling and Zero Discharge Requirements
5
6. 3 Major Solutions From Accent
• Destroy COD causing organics. Unit
can be operated and designed for 0
COD outlet.
• Removes Color from dye house waste
• Destroys recalcitrant COD (Non bio –
degradable organics)
6
7. Process Chemistry
• COD value is oxygen required for complete oxidation
of organics
• Accent works on the same principle
Reaction 1
- II NaOCl + => CAT - O + NaCl
OCl Ni O RO
Reaction 2 (partial oxidation)
IV
Cl
-
Ni O2 R ORG + CAT - O => ORG - O + CAT
Reaction 3 (total mineralisation)
ORG - O + CAT - O => CO32- + H2 O + CAT
8. Impact of Catalysis in the process
• Lab experiments
Ethyl Acetate Conc. (ppm) – Solute: ethyl acetate
100 • 600 mls solution
Hypo. • Catalyst: 15 mls
Concs
50 • EtAc 0.12-0.14 mM
30
No Cat – Ethyl Acetate is relatively
0.35 mM
refractory
20
With Cat – Data show significant
0.17 mM
10 oxidation rate
0.23 mM enhancement by the
5 0.3 mM
catalyst
– Data analysis shows
3 0.52 mM
Time catalysed reaction is
second order
9. ACCENT™ : Range of Application
Chemicals : Oxidised in the Laboratory
• Sulphides, amines
• Alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, ethers, carboxylic
acids and carboxylates
• Olefines, aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons
• Chlorinated and other substituted hydrocarbons
• Organic Dyes and bio toxins.
10. ACCENT™ in the Textile Industry
• Catalytic decolourisation / COD reduction
• Targeted at
– Dyehouse Waste and Wash Water
• Integration with membrane technology allows recycle
of process water.
11. ACCENTTM – Process
Speed
Control
Hypo
Dosing
Pump Ratio
Control pH
Speed
Control
Packed Bed Catalytic
Caustic Reactor
Dosing
Pump
Dosing
Demand
Flow Analysis
Aqueous
Product
to
Discharge
Dosing or Recycle
Control
Analysis
11
12. ACCENT™ : Main Process Features
• Feed tank
• Pre heating -- Use of plant waste steam.
– Typical operating temperature 30-50 °C
• Controlled addition of dosing chemicals
– Sodium hypochlorite + caustic soda
– Based on feed flow and measured concentration
– Responds to variations in feed
• Hydraulic flow reactor at ambient pressure
– Multiple fixed catalyst beds within one vessel
13. ACCENT™ : Main Process Features
• Continuous monitoring of effluent
– Monitors hypo & contaminants and optimize
dosing.
• Fully automated control
– Continuous measurement of the feed stream
– Requirement for in-line monitoring / control of pH
• Only periodic sampling for pH verification
required
14. Benefits of ACCENTTM
• Enable Plant Expansions without any major
investments or expansions in ETP.
• Zero Liquid discharge possible.
• Highly compact unit. Very less land usage
among comparable technologies.
• Ease of operation - Fit and Forget System
14
15. Johnson Matthey Advantage
• Guaranteed Performance backed with
close Technical Follow up.
• On site start up assistance and site
monitoring.
• Dedicated division focusing on further new
cost effective technologies that will come in
immediate future, i.e. insitu oxygen
generation.
15
16. Schematic of the ACCENT™ Reactor
INTERNAL BAFFLES
CATALYST Underflow Overflow
BED Baffle Weir
AQUEOUS
EFFLUENT
TREATED
EFFLUENT
17. References
Customer Main component Location Industry
Asahi Glass Dimethyl Sulphoxide, Ethanol Japan Chemicals
Sigma Aldrich Diverse Chemicals USA Fine Chemicals
Shin Haseyama Dioxins Japan Waste Treatment
Asahi Glass Propylene Glycol Japan Polymers
Asahi Glass Methanol Japan Chemicals
Sam Yang Innochem Phenol South Korea Chemicals
17
18. Summary
• Guaranteed < 50 ppm COD Outlet
• Guaranteed removal of Color.
• Guaranteed Catalyst Life time.
• Smaller usage of Land
• Debottleneck ETP allowing plant
expansions.
• Zero Liquid discharge
• Easy Operation. Fit and Forget.
18