This thesis examines the cost effects of moving from 2D design to 3D execution for earth construction on golf courses. The study analyzed how variable modeling elevations and slopes in 2D designs impacted calculated volumes and surface areas. Results showed that defining reliable volumes and surface areas for determining construction costs is difficult without 3D modeling software. Sound cost calculation data depends on understanding the relationship between the original surface and volumes for rough shaping, as well as the relationship between surface area and the planned 3D surface for fine shaping. Using 3D software improves volumetric calculations and overall design accuracy compared to interpreting two-dimensional plans.

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ABSTRACT
TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Master’s Degree Programme in Civil Engineering
LAGERSTEDT, CHRISTIAN: From 2D design to 3D execution: The cost effects
to the golf course earth construction
Master of Science Thesis, 73 pages, 8 appendix pages
June 2015
Major: Environmental construction
Examiner: Professor Pauli Kolisoja
Keywords: Shaping, costs of earth construction, surface area, volume, design,
golf course
During the last thirty years, golf course construction and design has greatly evolved.
This has been possible through improved construction techniques and equipment. Utili-
zation of computers has enhanced volumetric calculations and 3D visualization.
This thesis work focused on the problems of two dimensional volume calcula-
tions through simple three dimensional models. The work divided to examine the costs
of golf course earth construction with volumes and surface areas. The work analyzed
similar 2D models with variable modeling elevations and slopes. The results was ana-
lyzed by using standard construction equipment productivity from a single construction
project.
As the work progressed, the connection of changing volumes and areas to the
construction costs were discovered. Through the results obtained, the thesis work started
to process volumes as a part of earth works based on initial plans; and areas as a part of
surface works based on the area of the 3D surface model.
Volumetric works are part of the rough shaping where the masses are transport-
ed to their proper places. When using 2D maps, it is important to interpret the effects of
slopes and elevations to building masses correctly.
Areal works based on the surface area are fine shaping works which follow
rough shaping. In the fine shaping the surface is prepared for seeding. The growth of the
surface area is bound on surface modeling and especially sloping.
This thesis work shows that defining reliable volumes and surface areas is diffi-
cult without the 3D software. Sound calculation data is obtained by understanding the
relationship between original surface and volumes; and the relationship between area
based work and the planned 3D surface.
Through accurate modeling and careful planning, it is possible to avoid mistakes
in volumes and areas that can occur when interpreting two dimensional plans. 3D soft-
ware’s improves volumetric calculations and enhances the overall design.