Abstract #3 Cultivation Theory
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Examining the Effects of TV News Violence on College Students through Cultivation Theory by Lett, DiPietro, and Johnson
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The stages of the evolution of the political spin cycle
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Exposure to violence in media can increase aggression in children and teenagers by making violent behavior seem more normal. Viewing violent content regularly over time is linked to higher levels of aggression overall in youth. While only some viewers that are affected may actually act aggressively, exposure still increases the likelihood that youth will engage in physical violence against others.
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This document discusses cyber crime and how the media may contribute to criminal behavior. It defines cyber crime as the use of computers and the internet to commit illegal acts. It notes that cyber crime is one of the fastest growing criminal activities and identifies four categories of cyber crime: cyber trespassing, cyber deception/theft, cyber pornography, and cyber violence. The document also suggests several ways that the media could generate crime, such as by imitating or glamorizing deviant behaviors, arousing viewers, or stimulating desires for unattainable goods.
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- Many Americans have poor geographic knowledge about locations abroad like Japan and the UK. However, public opinion on foreign policy issues can be relatively coherent.
- Traditional views held that public opinion on foreign policy did not matter because the public was uninformed and volatile. But more recent evidence suggests public opinion does influence policy when it changes in response to events, rather than randomly.
- Studies show local media coverage of foreign policy issues tends to follow debates in Congress. This media coverage then shapes public opinion, which leaders take into account. So public opinion can indirectly influence policy through its impact on politicians anticipating voter reactions.
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The document discusses three theories related to the effects of media violence:
1) Copycat theory suggests that exposure to violent media can indirectly influence criminal behavior as some individuals may imitate violent acts they see portrayed.
2) Desensitization theory proposes that repeated exposure to media violence can make viewers more accepting of real-world violence as the emotional impact lessens.
3) Cultivation theory examines television's long-term influence on attitudes and behaviors, with some concern that violent programming was shaping views in American culture similar to how religion once did.
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The document discusses violence portrayed in media and its effects on society. It notes that the average American has seen over 200,000 acts of violence including 40,000 murders on television by age 18. It states that media can manipulate how violence is portrayed and that people are desensitized to violence shown on TV if it does not personally affect them. While media violence is not the sole cause of societal violence, it is still a contributing factor that can be addressed.
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This document provides an overview of mass media and its functions. It discusses how mass media reflects cultural values while also influencing attitudes and behaviors. Mass media is defined as communication targeting a large, anonymous audience through technologies like newspapers, radio, and television. Key points made include:
- Mass media has immense power to incorporate people into society and influence their values, though direct links between media messages and behavior are difficult to prove.
- Television in particular has become a dominant medium, with people spending half their free time watching on average. However, television may not fully capture viewers' attention.
- Mass media serves important functions like warning of dangers, providing companionship through media personalities, and conferring status on individuals through
Media Law Matrix BSCOM268 Version 51University of Phoenix.docx
Media Law Matrix
BSCOM/268 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix MaterialMedia Law Matrix
After reading Ch. 16 of the text, identify at least five laws relating to media regulation. Explain how the laws affect mass media and the public. Provide a brief description of ethical issues and considerations. Describe how these ethical considerations are related to the laws you have identified. Use complete sentences for your media law and ethical issue responses. Cite your sources.
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Law Effects
Related Ethical Issues
Select two issues currently in the media—one local issue and one global issue—related to media in society. NOTE: These are ethical media issues, not social issues. A local issue would be a newspaper or a TV reporter who presented information in a biased fashion or who left out critical information that led viewers/readers to draw and erroneous conclusion. A global media issue would the Lara Logan debacle from 60 Minutes where she featured a security contractor who claimed to have been in the Benghazi Libya consulate when it was attacked by rebels. The US military and BBC had interviewed him previously and confirmed he was not at the consulate. She had not verified her source.(You may not use this example).
Local media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Global media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Copyright © 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Violent Themes in Movies and Shows and Demonstrates how those Messages Affect Young Kids.
Name:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Mass media has impacted communication both positively and negatively.
Mass media has resulted to the immoral behaviors among the kid.
Exposure to violent media content increase risk of kid to possessing violent behaviors.
The presentation discuss both short term and long term detrimental effects of exposure to violent media content.
Media violence refers to the physical acts that are aggressive against one person of their character against the other.
The behaviors has been instilled into the mind of the young kids who are exposed to violent media content, has changed the aspect of who to emulate as a role model. To many they follow celebrates due to the popularity in their different fields as per the look at the media. Thus with the new technology, transition from the old to digital media has impacted the world interms of power and strength. The social environment of the 21st century has been taken over by the mass media due to the saturation of the daily lives as well as our culture (Krahe et al., 2011). Thereby assuming integral roles pertaining the childrens daily lives due to the use of m.
Media Law Matrix BSCOM268 Version 51University of Phoenix.docx
Media Law Matrix
BSCOM/268 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix MaterialMedia Law Matrix
After reading Ch. 16 of the text, identify at least five laws relating to media regulation. Explain how the laws affect mass media and the public. Provide a brief description of ethical issues and considerations. Describe how these ethical considerations are related to the laws you have identified. Use complete sentences for your media law and ethical issue responses. Cite your sources.
Mass Media Laws
Law Effects
Related Ethical Issues
Select two issues currently in the media—one local issue and one global issue—related to media in society. NOTE: These are ethical media issues, not social issues. A local issue would be a newspaper or a TV reporter who presented information in a biased fashion or who left out critical information that led viewers/readers to draw and erroneous conclusion. A global media issue would the Lara Logan debacle from 60 Minutes where she featured a security contractor who claimed to have been in the Benghazi Libya consulate when it was attacked by rebels. The US military and BBC had interviewed him previously and confirmed he was not at the consulate. She had not verified her source.(You may not use this example).
Local media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Global media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Copyright © 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Violent Themes in Movies and Shows and Demonstrates how those Messages Affect Young Kids.
Name:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Mass media has impacted communication both positively and negatively.
Mass media has resulted to the immoral behaviors among the kid.
Exposure to violent media content increase risk of kid to possessing violent behaviors.
The presentation discuss both short term and long term detrimental effects of exposure to violent media content.
Media violence refers to the physical acts that are aggressive against one person of their character against the other.
The behaviors has been instilled into the mind of the young kids who are exposed to violent media content, has changed the aspect of who to emulate as a role model. To many they follow celebrates due to the popularity in their different fields as per the look at the media. Thus with the new technology, transition from the old to digital media has impacted the world interms of power and strength. The social environment of the 21st century has been taken over by the mass media due to the saturation of the daily lives as well as our culture (Krahe et al., 2011). Thereby assuming integral roles pertaining the childrens daily lives due to the use of m.
Media violence presentation
The document summarizes the debate around whether exposure to media violence causes increased aggression in children. While most argue there is a link, the document argues this debate overlooks more important social factors like class differences, elitism, and politics. It claims the popular focus on media effects hides that later aggression is better explained by lack of opportunities for lower-class children and the marginalization of minority groups in media and society.
The Mean World Syndrome
This document discusses how violence in news media can cultivate perceptions of the world as mean and scary in heavy viewers. It analyzes research showing news frequently emphasizes crime and violence more than actual rates. Studies found media exposure accounts for children's knowledge of violence even in low-crime areas. Heavy viewing is linked to outcomes like "mean world syndrome," defined as seeing the world as exceedingly dangerous. While tragic events receive coverage, this focus on violence and fear may fuel disproportionate public panic out of line with actual risks and realities.
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The document discusses the negative effects of media violence on children and society. It notes that children spend a significant amount of time exposed to violence in various media like TV, movies, video games, and that this exposure can increase aggressive behavior. Studies show children who watch more media violence are more likely to display violent attitudes and behaviors themselves. The normalization of violence in media may also desensitize children to real-world suffering and make violent actions seem acceptable ways to solve problems.
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Media violence has been shown to negatively impact children and adolescents in several ways. Exposure to violent media content has been linked to increased aggressive and violent behavior in both the short and long-term. Prolonged viewing of media violence can also lead to increased fearfulness, desensitization to violence, and negative attitudes about others. While some debate the exact causal relationship, the extensive research that has been conducted points to media violence as a risk factor for the development of aggressive tendencies in impressionable youth.
The consumption of violent media has been directly associated with increased aggressive and violent behavior in both the short and long-term. Studies
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This annotated bibliography examines several sources that discuss the relationship between media coverage of crime and actual violent crime. The sources discuss how the media frames and exaggerates crime stories for entertainment and ratings purposes. One study found that while media can expose people to criminal techniques, most violent criminals are influenced more by their own life experiences than by media exposure. Another source concludes that media coverage may inspire some copycat crimes but does not outright cause societal violence. The sources aim to determine if a link exists between media violence and real-world crime, with some finding the relationship is weak or non-existent when other factors are considered.
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Mass media refers to communication technologies that reach a mass audience, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the internet. There are four main types of mass media: print media, broadcast media, outdoor media, and the internet. Mass media plays several important roles in society, including shaping public opinion and political agendas, acting as a link between the government and people, and serving as a watchdog on the government. The impacts of mass media are complex and controversial, with some research finding strong media effects while other research finds little to no effects.
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The document discusses three theories related to the effects of media violence:
1) Copycat theory suggests that exposure to violent media can indirectly influence criminal behavior as some individuals may imitate violent acts they see portrayed.
2) Desensitization theory proposes that repeated exposure to media violence can make viewers more accepting of real-world violence as the emotional impact lessens.
3) Cultivation theory examines television's long-term influence on attitudes and behaviors, with some concern that violent programming was shaping views in American culture similar to how religion once did.
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The document discusses violence portrayed in media and its effects on society. It notes that the average American has seen over 200,000 acts of violence including 40,000 murders on television by age 18. It states that media can manipulate how violence is portrayed and that people are desensitized to violence shown on TV if it does not personally affect them. While media violence is not the sole cause of societal violence, it is still a contributing factor that can be addressed.
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This document provides an overview of mass media and its functions. It discusses how mass media reflects cultural values while also influencing attitudes and behaviors. Mass media is defined as communication targeting a large, anonymous audience through technologies like newspapers, radio, and television. Key points made include:
- Mass media has immense power to incorporate people into society and influence their values, though direct links between media messages and behavior are difficult to prove.
- Television in particular has become a dominant medium, with people spending half their free time watching on average. However, television may not fully capture viewers' attention.
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Media Law Matrix BSCOM268 Version 51University of Phoenix.docx
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BSCOM/268 Version 5
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University of Phoenix MaterialMedia Law Matrix
After reading Ch. 16 of the text, identify at least five laws relating to media regulation. Explain how the laws affect mass media and the public. Provide a brief description of ethical issues and considerations. Describe how these ethical considerations are related to the laws you have identified. Use complete sentences for your media law and ethical issue responses. Cite your sources.
Mass Media Laws
Law Effects
Related Ethical Issues
Select two issues currently in the media—one local issue and one global issue—related to media in society. NOTE: These are ethical media issues, not social issues. A local issue would be a newspaper or a TV reporter who presented information in a biased fashion or who left out critical information that led viewers/readers to draw and erroneous conclusion. A global media issue would the Lara Logan debacle from 60 Minutes where she featured a security contractor who claimed to have been in the Benghazi Libya consulate when it was attacked by rebels. The US military and BBC had interviewed him previously and confirmed he was not at the consulate. She had not verified her source.(You may not use this example).
Local media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Global media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Copyright © 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Violent Themes in Movies and Shows and Demonstrates how those Messages Affect Young Kids.
Name:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Mass media has impacted communication both positively and negatively.
Mass media has resulted to the immoral behaviors among the kid.
Exposure to violent media content increase risk of kid to possessing violent behaviors.
The presentation discuss both short term and long term detrimental effects of exposure to violent media content.
Media violence refers to the physical acts that are aggressive against one person of their character against the other.
The behaviors has been instilled into the mind of the young kids who are exposed to violent media content, has changed the aspect of who to emulate as a role model. To many they follow celebrates due to the popularity in their different fields as per the look at the media. Thus with the new technology, transition from the old to digital media has impacted the world interms of power and strength. The social environment of the 21st century has been taken over by the mass media due to the saturation of the daily lives as well as our culture (Krahe et al., 2011). Thereby assuming integral roles pertaining the childrens daily lives due to the use of m.
Media Law Matrix BSCOM268 Version 51University of Phoenix.docx
Media Law Matrix
BSCOM/268 Version 5
1
University of Phoenix MaterialMedia Law Matrix
After reading Ch. 16 of the text, identify at least five laws relating to media regulation. Explain how the laws affect mass media and the public. Provide a brief description of ethical issues and considerations. Describe how these ethical considerations are related to the laws you have identified. Use complete sentences for your media law and ethical issue responses. Cite your sources.
Mass Media Laws
Law Effects
Related Ethical Issues
Select two issues currently in the media—one local issue and one global issue—related to media in society. NOTE: These are ethical media issues, not social issues. A local issue would be a newspaper or a TV reporter who presented information in a biased fashion or who left out critical information that led viewers/readers to draw and erroneous conclusion. A global media issue would the Lara Logan debacle from 60 Minutes where she featured a security contractor who claimed to have been in the Benghazi Libya consulate when it was attacked by rebels. The US military and BBC had interviewed him previously and confirmed he was not at the consulate. She had not verified her source.(You may not use this example).
Local media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Global media issue:
What are the relevant laws related to the issue? In 350 words, explain the legal implications and ethical considerations as they apply to the media’s responsibility.
Copyright © 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
Violent Themes in Movies and Shows and Demonstrates how those Messages Affect Young Kids.
Name:
Institution:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Mass media has impacted communication both positively and negatively.
Mass media has resulted to the immoral behaviors among the kid.
Exposure to violent media content increase risk of kid to possessing violent behaviors.
The presentation discuss both short term and long term detrimental effects of exposure to violent media content.
Media violence refers to the physical acts that are aggressive against one person of their character against the other.
The behaviors has been instilled into the mind of the young kids who are exposed to violent media content, has changed the aspect of who to emulate as a role model. To many they follow celebrates due to the popularity in their different fields as per the look at the media. Thus with the new technology, transition from the old to digital media has impacted the world interms of power and strength. The social environment of the 21st century has been taken over by the mass media due to the saturation of the daily lives as well as our culture (Krahe et al., 2011). Thereby assuming integral roles pertaining the childrens daily lives due to the use of m.
Media violence presentation
The document summarizes the debate around whether exposure to media violence causes increased aggression in children. While most argue there is a link, the document argues this debate overlooks more important social factors like class differences, elitism, and politics. It claims the popular focus on media effects hides that later aggression is better explained by lack of opportunities for lower-class children and the marginalization of minority groups in media and society.
The Mean World Syndrome
This document discusses how violence in news media can cultivate perceptions of the world as mean and scary in heavy viewers. It analyzes research showing news frequently emphasizes crime and violence more than actual rates. Studies found media exposure accounts for children's knowledge of violence even in low-crime areas. Heavy viewing is linked to outcomes like "mean world syndrome," defined as seeing the world as exceedingly dangerous. While tragic events receive coverage, this focus on violence and fear may fuel disproportionate public panic out of line with actual risks and realities.
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This document discusses media violence and its theories. It begins by introducing media violence and its origins from television in the 1950s. It then discusses four main theories of media violence: 1) Social learning theory which suggests people learn aggression from viewing violence; 2) General aggression model which says violence primes aggressive scripts; 3) Catharsis theory which argues viewing violence releases aggression; and 4) Catalyst/reinforcement theory which views media as a weak influence that can catalyze violence in combination with other factors. The document concludes that no single theory can fully explain media violence's effects and influence, as cultural and social factors also play a role.
Essay About Media Violence
This document discusses research on the relationship between media violence and real-world aggression. Some key points made include that extensive research has found a link between viewing violent media and increased aggressive attitudes and behavior, especially in children and adolescents. However, the results are inconsistent and some factors like amount of time spent viewing and content can influence the effects. Studies have also found that exposure to media violence can increase desensitization to real violence but does not necessarily increase tendencies towards real-world violence.
Media &Amp; Violence Essay
The document discusses the negative effects of media violence on children and society. It notes that children spend a significant amount of time exposed to violence in various media like TV, movies, video games, and that this exposure can increase aggressive behavior. Studies show children who watch more media violence are more likely to display violent attitudes and behaviors themselves. The normalization of violence in media may also desensitize children to real-world suffering and make violent actions seem acceptable ways to solve problems.
Media Violence
Media violence has been shown to negatively impact children and adolescents in several ways. Exposure to violent media content has been linked to increased aggressive and violent behavior in both the short and long-term. Prolonged viewing of media violence can also lead to increased fearfulness, desensitization to violence, and negative attitudes about others. While some debate the exact causal relationship, the extensive research that has been conducted points to media violence as a risk factor for the development of aggressive tendencies in impressionable youth.
The consumption of violent media has been directly associated with increased aggressive and violent behavior in both the short and long-term. Studies
CULTIVATION THEORY OF MASS AND COMMUNICATION
Cultivation Theory proposes that heavy television viewers come to see the real world in ways that reflect the most common and recurrent messages of the television world. It suggests that the more time people spend watching television, the more likely they are to believe social realities portrayed on television reflect the actual world. The theory was developed by George Gerbner and focuses on how television shapes viewers' perceptions of violence and crime in society. Later refinements added the concepts of "mainstreaming" and "resonance" to better explain television's influence on viewers' beliefs. While influential, Cultivation Theory has also received criticisms for being an oversimplification and not accounting for other social and media influences.
Annotated bibliography
This annotated bibliography examines several sources that discuss the relationship between media coverage of crime and actual violent crime. The sources discuss how the media frames and exaggerates crime stories for entertainment and ratings purposes. One study found that while media can expose people to criminal techniques, most violent criminals are influenced more by their own life experiences than by media exposure. Another source concludes that media coverage may inspire some copycat crimes but does not outright cause societal violence. The sources aim to determine if a link exists between media violence and real-world crime, with some finding the relationship is weak or non-existent when other factors are considered.
Media Violence Essay
Media Violence
Media Violence Essay
Media & Violence Essay
Essay about Violence in the Media
Media Violence Essay
Media Violence
Media Violence Essay
Essay about Media Violence
MEDIA VIOLENCE Essay
Mass media and its impact on society
Mass media refers to communication technologies that reach a mass audience, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the internet. There are four main types of mass media: print media, broadcast media, outdoor media, and the internet. Mass media plays several important roles in society, including shaping public opinion and political agendas, acting as a link between the government and people, and serving as a watchdog on the government. The impacts of mass media are complex and controversial, with some research finding strong media effects while other research finds little to no effects.
MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON AGGRESSION1MEDIA’S INFLUENCE ON AGGRESSIO.docx
The document discusses media's influence on aggression in youth and children. It summarizes research showing that exposure to violent media increases aggressive behavior. Television, films, video games and the internet can all influence aggression, as experiments have shown short term increases in aggression after viewing violent content. However, the effects of media violence depend on social and environmental factors. Parents and policies can help reduce media's influence on aggression by monitoring children's media intake and restricting access to violent content.
Childhood Violence
This document discusses several factors that influence childhood violence, including media exposure, parenting, and social environment. It notes that children are exposed to thousands of violent acts by elementary school age through unsupervised media use. However, media is not solely to blame, as only 3-10% of people are predisposed to violence. Other influential factors include physical/emotional abuse, living in a violent area, poverty, and inconsistent discipline. The social learning theory also suggests that observing violence without consequences can lead to imitation. Ultimately, the most influential factor is parental involvement in monitoring media use and discussing its effects with children.
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Abstract #3 Cultivation Theory
- 1. Abstract #3: Abbey Little Examining Effects of TV News Violence on College Students through Cultivation Theory
- 2. PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between viewing TV news coverage of 9/11 and the perceptions of violence initiated by people outside of the US, negative personal emotions, and personal relationships. IMPORTANCE: Looks at perceptions of violence in relation to a specific event rather than general violence in the news media Focuses on non-fiction violence instead of fictional programming Overview
- 3. CULTIVATION THEORY: The more time spent watching TV, the more likely what people conceive to be reality will be in line with what they see on TV. FIRST ORDER EFFECTS: General views of the world and public opinion 2 Hypotheses SECOND ORDER EFFECTS: Individual viewers’ beliefs and attitudes from their TV viewing 3 Research Questions Theoretical Background
- 4. HYPOTHESIS #1: Amount of television news viewing after September 11th will be related to viewers perceptions that people from outside the United States create greater amounts of violence. No relationship. HYPOTHESIS #2: Amount of television news viewing after September 11th will be related to viewers’ perceptions that most Americans perceive that people from outside the United States initiate greater amounts of violence. No relationship. Findings: First Order Effects
- 5. RESEARCH QUESTION #1: Does amount of television news viewing in the wake of the September 11th attacks influence personal emotions after the terrorist attacks? Greater TV news viewing = more negative personal emotions RESEARCH QUESTION #2: Does amount of television news viewing in the wake of the September 11th attacks influence perceptions of Islamic individuals in general? Heavier TV news viewers = LESS negative perceptions in general RESEARCH QUESTION #3: Does amount of television news viewing in the wake of the September 11th attacks influence personal friendships with peers who are Islamic? Greater TV news viewing = MORE negativity of peers Findings: Second Order Effects