- In 2011, there were 189,931 abortions for residents of England and Wales, a 0.2% increase from 2010.
- The abortion rate was highest for women aged 20 at 33 per 1,000 women. The rates for women under 16 and under 18 were lower than in 2010.
- 91% of abortions were carried out at under 13 weeks gestation and 78% were under 10 weeks, reflecting trends toward earlier procedures.
- Medical abortions accounted for 47% of the total, up from 43% in 2010, as this method has become more commonly used.
This document discusses assisted reproduction regulations and ethical issues in Turkey. It outlines Turkey's laws which prohibit third-party reproductive assistance like donor eggs, donor sperm, or surrogacy. The regulations subject both medical facilities and individuals involved to penalties if they conduct or assist with such prohibited practices, even if they occur abroad. Public opinion surveys in Turkey show some acceptance of practices like egg donation if needed for family planning, but they remain banned under current legislation. The document examines attitudes and the growing practice of cross-border reproductive care seeking for Turkish patients.
The document summarizes recent news articles about healthcare initiatives and developments in Eastern Europe and Central Asian countries. It discusses:
1) A UN initiative to launch a task force to reduce maternal mortality by strengthening health systems and paying for healthcare workers in developing nations.
2) An upcoming conference in Volgograd, Russia where CIS specialists will discuss modern technologies for fighting infectious diseases.
3) Plans for Belarusian cardiac surgeons to receive training in clinics in Germany, the Czech Republic, and Finland to learn heart transplantation operations.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2021Ashish Gupta
The document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendments over the years in India.
1. The MTP Act of 1971 allowed termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks upon opinion of one doctor and up to 20 weeks upon opinion of two doctors. It set conditions for legal abortion.
2. The Act was amended in 2002 and 2021. The 2021 amendment increased the upper gestation limit for abortion from 20 to 24 weeks and introduced provisions for a medical board's opinion to terminate pregnancies beyond 24 weeks in special cases.
3. While the amendment strengthens access to safe abortion, it does not specify a time limit for the medical board's decision and India faces shortages
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act 1971 — a law that was considered ahead of its times — legalized abortion in India up to 20 weeks of pregnancy, based on certain conditions and when provided by a registered medical practitioner at a registered medical facility. Conditions under the MTP Act under which a pregnancy may be terminated are continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman or cause grave injury to her physical or mental health. Also, substantial risk that the child, if born, would be seriously handicapped due to physical or mental abnormalities; pregnancy is caused by rape (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health) and pregnancy is due to failure of contraceptive in a married woman or her husband (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health).
This document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971. The act aims to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion and promoting access to safe abortion services. It lays out the legal framework for when and where pregnancies can be terminated, including up to 20 weeks gestation under certain circumstances. The MTP Rules specify requirements for abortion providers and approved facilities, as well as forms, record keeping, and reporting. Regulations address inspections and penalties for non-compliance to help ensure safe and hygienic abortion services.
Capstone Project - The Battle of Neighbourhoods Impact of COVID-19 in Andhra...T.N. Shankar
In Andhra Pradesh, India COVID pandemic tally has gone up to 1177 with 31 deaths 266 recovered. Still 911 active cases
are there In the COVID hospital to get recovery. This is model to design the zones according to recent updates
The document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of 1971, which legalized abortion in the country. It summarizes key aspects of the law, including that abortion is legal within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy if diagnosed as posing a risk to the woman's physical or mental health. Between 12-20 weeks, permission from two doctors is required. Abortion is also allowed if the fetus would be born with severe abnormalities or in cases of rape or contraceptive failure. The Act was amended in 2003 and 2014 to further expand access and conditions for legal abortion.
This document discusses assisted reproduction regulations and ethical issues in Turkey. It outlines Turkey's laws which prohibit third-party reproductive assistance like donor eggs, donor sperm, or surrogacy. The regulations subject both medical facilities and individuals involved to penalties if they conduct or assist with such prohibited practices, even if they occur abroad. Public opinion surveys in Turkey show some acceptance of practices like egg donation if needed for family planning, but they remain banned under current legislation. The document examines attitudes and the growing practice of cross-border reproductive care seeking for Turkish patients.
The document summarizes recent news articles about healthcare initiatives and developments in Eastern Europe and Central Asian countries. It discusses:
1) A UN initiative to launch a task force to reduce maternal mortality by strengthening health systems and paying for healthcare workers in developing nations.
2) An upcoming conference in Volgograd, Russia where CIS specialists will discuss modern technologies for fighting infectious diseases.
3) Plans for Belarusian cardiac surgeons to receive training in clinics in Germany, the Czech Republic, and Finland to learn heart transplantation operations.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 2021Ashish Gupta
The document summarizes the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendments over the years in India.
1. The MTP Act of 1971 allowed termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks upon opinion of one doctor and up to 20 weeks upon opinion of two doctors. It set conditions for legal abortion.
2. The Act was amended in 2002 and 2021. The 2021 amendment increased the upper gestation limit for abortion from 20 to 24 weeks and introduced provisions for a medical board's opinion to terminate pregnancies beyond 24 weeks in special cases.
3. While the amendment strengthens access to safe abortion, it does not specify a time limit for the medical board's decision and India faces shortages
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act 1971 — a law that was considered ahead of its times — legalized abortion in India up to 20 weeks of pregnancy, based on certain conditions and when provided by a registered medical practitioner at a registered medical facility. Conditions under the MTP Act under which a pregnancy may be terminated are continuation of the pregnancy would involve a risk to the life of the pregnant woman or cause grave injury to her physical or mental health. Also, substantial risk that the child, if born, would be seriously handicapped due to physical or mental abnormalities; pregnancy is caused by rape (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health) and pregnancy is due to failure of contraceptive in a married woman or her husband (presumed to constitute grave injury to mental health).
This document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971. The act aims to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion and promoting access to safe abortion services. It lays out the legal framework for when and where pregnancies can be terminated, including up to 20 weeks gestation under certain circumstances. The MTP Rules specify requirements for abortion providers and approved facilities, as well as forms, record keeping, and reporting. Regulations address inspections and penalties for non-compliance to help ensure safe and hygienic abortion services.
Capstone Project - The Battle of Neighbourhoods Impact of COVID-19 in Andhra...T.N. Shankar
In Andhra Pradesh, India COVID pandemic tally has gone up to 1177 with 31 deaths 266 recovered. Still 911 active cases
are there In the COVID hospital to get recovery. This is model to design the zones according to recent updates
The document discusses India's Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of 1971, which legalized abortion in the country. It summarizes key aspects of the law, including that abortion is legal within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy if diagnosed as posing a risk to the woman's physical or mental health. Between 12-20 weeks, permission from two doctors is required. Abortion is also allowed if the fetus would be born with severe abnormalities or in cases of rape or contraceptive failure. The Act was amended in 2003 and 2014 to further expand access and conditions for legal abortion.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of 1971 legalized abortion in India under certain conditions. It allows abortion within 12 weeks with one doctor's approval, and between 12-20 weeks with two doctors' approval if the woman's physical or mental health is endangered or in cases of fetal abnormality. Abortion is legal beyond 20 weeks only to save the woman's life. The Act was amended in 2003 to increase access, and a 2014 bill proposed expanding the limit to 24 weeks and allowing abortion beyond 24 weeks in certain cases like rape. The MTP Act overrides the Indian Penal Code which had criminalized abortion, and aims to balance women's rights and health with moral and ethical concerns.
Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals Industry in Turkey by 2015FMC Group
The document provides an overview of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries in Turkey. It notes that Turkey has over 1,500 hospitals and 200,000 beds, with the majority run by the Ministry of Health. The pharmaceutical industry is the 18th largest globally and 7th in Europe, with over $16 billion in annual sales. The government has ambitious targets to increase healthcare access and expenditures by 2023.
In a video conference meeting with various State Chief Ministers, Prime Minister Narendra Modi discussed the COVID-19 situation in India and sought their suggestions on reviving the battered economy. Most CMs insisted on a gradual lifting of lockdown restrictions with some opposing the resumption of train services from May 12. It was decided to redraw containment zones in states. The PM said the situation was largely under control but some large outbreaks have been seen in certain areas.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act legalizes and regulates abortion in India. It defines the circumstances under which abortion is permitted up to 20 weeks gestation. The MTP Act was passed in 1971 in response to the large number of unsafe abortions occurring in India. It aims to improve maternal health by preventing unsafe abortions and reducing mortality and morbidity. Abortions can only be performed by registered medical practitioners in approved facilities with the consent of the woman or guardian if she is a minor. Violations of the Act are punishable by fines or imprisonment.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in India to address unsafe abortions and high maternal mortality and morbidity rates. It legalizes abortion services and aims to promote access to safe abortion procedures. Abortions can be conducted up to 20 weeks gestation with the woman's consent, or a guardian's if she is underage. For abortions between 12-20 weeks, the opinion of two registered medical practitioners is required. The Act also establishes District Level Committees to approve places for terminating pregnancies and inspect them to ensure safe and hygienic conditions. It aims to improve maternal health by preventing unsafe abortions while also protecting medical practitioners conducting legal abortions.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendment in 2020 aim to regulate abortion services in India. The original act allows termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks with one doctor's approval, and between 12 to 20 weeks with two doctors' approval. The amended act extends this limit to 24 weeks and only requires one doctor's approval up to 20 weeks. It also relaxes rules for vulnerable groups. The acts define rules for providers' qualifications and approved facilities. Terminating a pregnancy outside these rules is a punishable offense. The amendments aim to improve women's reproductive healthcare and rights while preventing unsafe abortions.
This document discusses trends in obesity and heart attack rates in Virginia from 2000 to 2009. It notes that the percentage disparity between white and black female heart attack rates dropped from 22% to 1% during this period. Overall heart attack mortality rates declined 45% and 1,872 fewer Virginians died from heart attacks in 2009 compared to 2000. The rate of obesity among U.S. adults increased significantly from 1985 to 2002 according to data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
The Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act, 1971Suresh Murugan
This document outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in India. It establishes that registered medical practitioners can terminate pregnancies up to 12 weeks, or up to 20 weeks if two practitioners agree it is necessary to protect the woman's life or physical/mental health or to prevent serious abnormality or handicap of the child. Guardians must consent in writing for terminations of minors or lunatics. Terminations can occur in government hospitals or approved places.
BLACK LIVES MATTER:
The latest Abortion report issued from the CDC in 2014. Displays that Black women (14% of the US population) make up 29.6 % of the nations abortions.
This document outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and Rules of 1975 in India. The key objectives of the act are to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion services and promoting access to safe abortions. It defines terms like minor, registered medical practitioner, and place. It specifies the circumstances under which a registered medical practitioner can terminate a pregnancy of less than 12 weeks or 12 to 20 weeks. The act also describes the required experience and training for medical practitioners and the facilities that approved places for termination must have. Information in admission registers for terminations must be kept confidential and the act outlines offenses and penalties.
PIL-IndependentThoughtvs.UoI-C-Section-ShortNote [W.P.(C)4678 of 2016]Independent Thought
Independent Thought has filed a public interest litigation in the Delhi High Court seeking guidelines on caesarean section operations to protect women's reproductive health rights in India. The petition notes that private hospitals in Delhi perform caesarean sections in 65.54% of deliveries on average, far exceeding the WHO recommended rate of 10-15%, while government hospitals have a rate of 20.65%. The petition argues this violates women's right to health and reproductive rights. It seeks directions to the central and Delhi governments to issue regulations on caesarean sections and establish a commission to investigate high rates in private hospitals.
On 15/12/11, I had sought information on the status of appeals I had filed and pending with the KSIC since 25/5/2007. The reply by the PIO was that there was no such list being maintained! There was no response to the 1st appeal and the 2nd appeal is pending since 03/05/12!
On 21/5/15 I had sought similar information on the status of 2nd appeals I had filed with the KSIC and pending since 2013. Posted here is the reply I got from the PIO. Just look at the number of appeals pending with the CIC and since when! There was no response to the 1st appeal filed on 4/6/15 and the 2nd appeal is also pending with the Commission since 11/8/15.
Now it is clear that he has been disposing of appeals filed after that. So the question arises why has he been disposing appeals out of turn? Who gave him such authority? And it is not that he has ever given a right decision in any appeal/complaint ever.
Thus it can be logically concluded that if he, the CIC, KSIC-Siby Mathews- is not a traitor then that word should be removed from the dictionary!
Anàlisi dels Processos Secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90Miqui Mel
Un ànàlisi dels processos secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90 amb una interessant comparativa dels diferents referèndums a cadascun dels països. Elaborat pel CETC (Centre d'Estudis de Temes Contemporanis) l'any 2010.
52th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2012Miqui Mel
This document summarizes EFTA's free trade relations and activities in 2012. Key points:
- 3 new free trade agreements with Hong Kong, Montenegro, and Ukraine entered into force, bringing the total number of operational FTAs to 23 covering 27 countries.
- Negotiations were ongoing with 11 countries and regions including India, Indonesia, Central American states, and the Russian Customs Union.
- Joint declarations on cooperation were in place with 5 partners including Georgia and Pakistan, which signed new declarations in 2012.
- EFTA expanded its negotiation agenda by starting talks with Central American states, Vietnam, and jointly announcing negotiations with Malaysia. Negotiations with existing partners like India and Russia also progressed over multiple rounds
Resultats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005Miqui Mel
Resulstats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005
Font: Grup de Treball de l'Actualització de les Balança Fiscal de Catalunya.
Data: 09.07.08.
The Catalan Theatre Scene (In Transit #24)Miqui Mel
The document summarizes the history and current state of the Catalan theatre scene. It discusses how theatre in Catalonia has thrived in recent decades despite political and economic challenges. Several key points:
- Barcelona has become an international theatre capital, and Catalonia now has a diverse range of theatrical offerings and institutions.
- Many contemporary Catalan playwrights have seen their works staged internationally. Collective creation companies also have reputations throughout Europe.
- Catalonia now has an impressive system of publicly subsidized theatres on par with advanced European nations. Festivals like Grec and Tàrrega are also major platforms.
- The contemporary scene includes innovative new playwrights, directors establishing
This document provides an amended bill on immigration. Key points:
20
25
30
35
40
1. It allows for the removal of persons unlawfully in the UK and their family members.
2. It expands immigration officers' enforcement powers and makes changes to bail provisions.
3. It requires biometric information to be provided with more immigration applications and citizenship applications.
4. It defines biometric information and allows biometric immigration documents to be required.
The Situation of the Catalan Language TodayMiqui Mel
Lingcat is a multimedia presentation that describes the situation of the Catalan language today. It aims to answer exchange students' questions on sociolinguistic issues in Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking areas, with particular emphasis on the university context. Lingcat is a useful source of information for those who want to find out more about the language, either before they come to Catalonia, or shortly after their arrival.
Source: LingCat & Universitat de Barcelona
Higher rates of stillbirths and infant mortality in the UK compared to other European countries may be due to several complex, interacting risk factors such as obesity, smoking during pregnancy, maternal age, socioeconomic inequalities, and certain ethnic groups having higher risks. Improving care during pregnancy, labor, and early infancy could help reduce mortality rates, though many existing clinical guidelines aimed at higher-risk groups are not always followed. Addressing modifiable risk factors like smoking and obesity through public health interventions may help improve health outcomes for infants and families in the UK.
This seventh edition of Health at a Glance provides the latest comparable data on different aspects of the performance of health systems in OECD countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations across countries in the costs, activities and results of health systems. Key indicators provide information on health status, the determinants of health, health care activities and health expenditure and financing in OECD countries. Each indicator in the book is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability.
This document summarizes key findings from the OECD report "Health at a Glance 2015: How Japan Compares?". It finds that:
1) Quality of care in Japan is generally good, though there is room to improve diabetes care and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. Mortality for heart attacks after admission is also high.
2) Japan has fewer doctors per capita than most OECD countries, though nurse supply is high. There are opportunities to better utilize nurses and improve efficiency.
3) Healthcare spending in Japan has risen faster than most OECD countries in recent years and is now higher than the OECD average as a share of GDP. Achieving greater value for money through efficiency gains is a priority
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act of 1971 legalized abortion in India under certain conditions. It allows abortion within 12 weeks with one doctor's approval, and between 12-20 weeks with two doctors' approval if the woman's physical or mental health is endangered or in cases of fetal abnormality. Abortion is legal beyond 20 weeks only to save the woman's life. The Act was amended in 2003 to increase access, and a 2014 bill proposed expanding the limit to 24 weeks and allowing abortion beyond 24 weeks in certain cases like rape. The MTP Act overrides the Indian Penal Code which had criminalized abortion, and aims to balance women's rights and health with moral and ethical concerns.
Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals Industry in Turkey by 2015FMC Group
The document provides an overview of the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries in Turkey. It notes that Turkey has over 1,500 hospitals and 200,000 beds, with the majority run by the Ministry of Health. The pharmaceutical industry is the 18th largest globally and 7th in Europe, with over $16 billion in annual sales. The government has ambitious targets to increase healthcare access and expenditures by 2023.
In a video conference meeting with various State Chief Ministers, Prime Minister Narendra Modi discussed the COVID-19 situation in India and sought their suggestions on reviving the battered economy. Most CMs insisted on a gradual lifting of lockdown restrictions with some opposing the resumption of train services from May 12. It was decided to redraw containment zones in states. The PM said the situation was largely under control but some large outbreaks have been seen in certain areas.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act legalizes and regulates abortion in India. It defines the circumstances under which abortion is permitted up to 20 weeks gestation. The MTP Act was passed in 1971 in response to the large number of unsafe abortions occurring in India. It aims to improve maternal health by preventing unsafe abortions and reducing mortality and morbidity. Abortions can only be performed by registered medical practitioners in approved facilities with the consent of the woman or guardian if she is a minor. Violations of the Act are punishable by fines or imprisonment.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was passed in India to address unsafe abortions and high maternal mortality and morbidity rates. It legalizes abortion services and aims to promote access to safe abortion procedures. Abortions can be conducted up to 20 weeks gestation with the woman's consent, or a guardian's if she is underage. For abortions between 12-20 weeks, the opinion of two registered medical practitioners is required. The Act also establishes District Level Committees to approve places for terminating pregnancies and inspect them to ensure safe and hygienic conditions. It aims to improve maternal health by preventing unsafe abortions while also protecting medical practitioners conducting legal abortions.
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and its amendment in 2020 aim to regulate abortion services in India. The original act allows termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks with one doctor's approval, and between 12 to 20 weeks with two doctors' approval. The amended act extends this limit to 24 weeks and only requires one doctor's approval up to 20 weeks. It also relaxes rules for vulnerable groups. The acts define rules for providers' qualifications and approved facilities. Terminating a pregnancy outside these rules is a punishable offense. The amendments aim to improve women's reproductive healthcare and rights while preventing unsafe abortions.
This document discusses trends in obesity and heart attack rates in Virginia from 2000 to 2009. It notes that the percentage disparity between white and black female heart attack rates dropped from 22% to 1% during this period. Overall heart attack mortality rates declined 45% and 1,872 fewer Virginians died from heart attacks in 2009 compared to 2000. The rate of obesity among U.S. adults increased significantly from 1985 to 2002 according to data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
The Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act, 1971Suresh Murugan
This document outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 in India. It establishes that registered medical practitioners can terminate pregnancies up to 12 weeks, or up to 20 weeks if two practitioners agree it is necessary to protect the woman's life or physical/mental health or to prevent serious abnormality or handicap of the child. Guardians must consent in writing for terminations of minors or lunatics. Terminations can occur in government hospitals or approved places.
BLACK LIVES MATTER:
The latest Abortion report issued from the CDC in 2014. Displays that Black women (14% of the US population) make up 29.6 % of the nations abortions.
This document outlines the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 and Rules of 1975 in India. The key objectives of the act are to improve maternal health by legalizing abortion services and promoting access to safe abortions. It defines terms like minor, registered medical practitioner, and place. It specifies the circumstances under which a registered medical practitioner can terminate a pregnancy of less than 12 weeks or 12 to 20 weeks. The act also describes the required experience and training for medical practitioners and the facilities that approved places for termination must have. Information in admission registers for terminations must be kept confidential and the act outlines offenses and penalties.
PIL-IndependentThoughtvs.UoI-C-Section-ShortNote [W.P.(C)4678 of 2016]Independent Thought
Independent Thought has filed a public interest litigation in the Delhi High Court seeking guidelines on caesarean section operations to protect women's reproductive health rights in India. The petition notes that private hospitals in Delhi perform caesarean sections in 65.54% of deliveries on average, far exceeding the WHO recommended rate of 10-15%, while government hospitals have a rate of 20.65%. The petition argues this violates women's right to health and reproductive rights. It seeks directions to the central and Delhi governments to issue regulations on caesarean sections and establish a commission to investigate high rates in private hospitals.
On 15/12/11, I had sought information on the status of appeals I had filed and pending with the KSIC since 25/5/2007. The reply by the PIO was that there was no such list being maintained! There was no response to the 1st appeal and the 2nd appeal is pending since 03/05/12!
On 21/5/15 I had sought similar information on the status of 2nd appeals I had filed with the KSIC and pending since 2013. Posted here is the reply I got from the PIO. Just look at the number of appeals pending with the CIC and since when! There was no response to the 1st appeal filed on 4/6/15 and the 2nd appeal is also pending with the Commission since 11/8/15.
Now it is clear that he has been disposing of appeals filed after that. So the question arises why has he been disposing appeals out of turn? Who gave him such authority? And it is not that he has ever given a right decision in any appeal/complaint ever.
Thus it can be logically concluded that if he, the CIC, KSIC-Siby Mathews- is not a traitor then that word should be removed from the dictionary!
Anàlisi dels Processos Secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90Miqui Mel
Un ànàlisi dels processos secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90 amb una interessant comparativa dels diferents referèndums a cadascun dels països. Elaborat pel CETC (Centre d'Estudis de Temes Contemporanis) l'any 2010.
52th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2012Miqui Mel
This document summarizes EFTA's free trade relations and activities in 2012. Key points:
- 3 new free trade agreements with Hong Kong, Montenegro, and Ukraine entered into force, bringing the total number of operational FTAs to 23 covering 27 countries.
- Negotiations were ongoing with 11 countries and regions including India, Indonesia, Central American states, and the Russian Customs Union.
- Joint declarations on cooperation were in place with 5 partners including Georgia and Pakistan, which signed new declarations in 2012.
- EFTA expanded its negotiation agenda by starting talks with Central American states, Vietnam, and jointly announcing negotiations with Malaysia. Negotiations with existing partners like India and Russia also progressed over multiple rounds
Resultats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005Miqui Mel
Resulstats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005
Font: Grup de Treball de l'Actualització de les Balança Fiscal de Catalunya.
Data: 09.07.08.
The Catalan Theatre Scene (In Transit #24)Miqui Mel
The document summarizes the history and current state of the Catalan theatre scene. It discusses how theatre in Catalonia has thrived in recent decades despite political and economic challenges. Several key points:
- Barcelona has become an international theatre capital, and Catalonia now has a diverse range of theatrical offerings and institutions.
- Many contemporary Catalan playwrights have seen their works staged internationally. Collective creation companies also have reputations throughout Europe.
- Catalonia now has an impressive system of publicly subsidized theatres on par with advanced European nations. Festivals like Grec and Tàrrega are also major platforms.
- The contemporary scene includes innovative new playwrights, directors establishing
This document provides an amended bill on immigration. Key points:
20
25
30
35
40
1. It allows for the removal of persons unlawfully in the UK and their family members.
2. It expands immigration officers' enforcement powers and makes changes to bail provisions.
3. It requires biometric information to be provided with more immigration applications and citizenship applications.
4. It defines biometric information and allows biometric immigration documents to be required.
The Situation of the Catalan Language TodayMiqui Mel
Lingcat is a multimedia presentation that describes the situation of the Catalan language today. It aims to answer exchange students' questions on sociolinguistic issues in Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking areas, with particular emphasis on the university context. Lingcat is a useful source of information for those who want to find out more about the language, either before they come to Catalonia, or shortly after their arrival.
Source: LingCat & Universitat de Barcelona
Higher rates of stillbirths and infant mortality in the UK compared to other European countries may be due to several complex, interacting risk factors such as obesity, smoking during pregnancy, maternal age, socioeconomic inequalities, and certain ethnic groups having higher risks. Improving care during pregnancy, labor, and early infancy could help reduce mortality rates, though many existing clinical guidelines aimed at higher-risk groups are not always followed. Addressing modifiable risk factors like smoking and obesity through public health interventions may help improve health outcomes for infants and families in the UK.
This seventh edition of Health at a Glance provides the latest comparable data on different aspects of the performance of health systems in OECD countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations across countries in the costs, activities and results of health systems. Key indicators provide information on health status, the determinants of health, health care activities and health expenditure and financing in OECD countries. Each indicator in the book is presented in a user-friendly format, consisting of charts illustrating variations across countries and over time, brief descriptive analyses highlighting the major findings conveyed by the data, and a methodological box on the definition of the indicator and any limitations in data comparability.
This document summarizes key findings from the OECD report "Health at a Glance 2015: How Japan Compares?". It finds that:
1) Quality of care in Japan is generally good, though there is room to improve diabetes care and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. Mortality for heart attacks after admission is also high.
2) Japan has fewer doctors per capita than most OECD countries, though nurse supply is high. There are opportunities to better utilize nurses and improve efficiency.
3) Healthcare spending in Japan has risen faster than most OECD countries in recent years and is now higher than the OECD average as a share of GDP. Achieving greater value for money through efficiency gains is a priority
Prevalência e MI por CC na Europa de 2000 a 2005gisa_legal
This document summarizes a study examining the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Europe between 2000-2005 using data from 29 population-based registries covering over 3 million births. The study found an average total CHD prevalence of 8.0 per 1000 births, with live birth prevalence of 7.2 per 1000. Non-chromosomal CHD prevalence was 7.0 per 1000 births, of which 3.6% were perinatal deaths, 20% were prenatally diagnosed, and 5.6% were terminations of pregnancy. Severe non-chromosomal CHD occurred in 2.0 per 1000 births, with higher rates of perinatal death, prenatal diagnosis, and termination.
These slides were used to launch the Health Profile for England (and a separate Health Equity report). Health Profile for England brings together a range of data to tell a story about our health. Find out more: http://bit.ly/2ubZ1Uo
This document discusses fertility issues in Europe. It notes that approximately 25 million EU citizens experience fertility problems. Medically assisted reproduction (MAR) treatments have increased substantially in Europe over the past decade, with over 400,000 MAR cycles performed in 2005. One in six people experience fertility problems during their reproductive years. The causes of infertility can be due to physiological factors in men, women or both, and in some cases no cause is identified.
This document discusses fertility issues in Europe. It notes that approximately 25 million EU citizens experience fertility problems. Medically assisted reproduction (MAR) treatments have increased substantially in Europe over the past decade, with over 400,000 cycles performed in 2005. One in six people experience fertility issues during their reproductive years. The causes of infertility can be due to physiological factors in the man, woman or both, or remain unexplained in some cases. Fertility Europe advocates for improved rights and access to treatment for those struggling with fertility.
This document discusses fertility issues in Europe. It notes that approximately 25 million EU citizens experience fertility problems. Medically assisted reproduction (MAR) treatments have increased substantially in Europe over the past decade, with over 400,000 MAR cycles performed in 2005. One in six people experience fertility issues during their reproductive years. The causes of infertility can include physiological factors in men (20-30% of cases), physiological factors in women (20-35% of cases), or joint problems of both (25-40% of cases). Fertility Europe represents those affected by fertility issues across 22 European countries.
10 things about alcohol and other drugs - Dec 2014Andrew Brown
This month's data includes: the five messages from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs about opioid substitution therapy; other interesting points from their review; the numbers of injecting drug users with HIV; the reach of alcohol treatment in Scotland; criminal sanctions for drug offences, including the number of cautions, fines, and custodial sentences; and the evidence on the protective effect of OST on Hep C acquisition.
This document summarizes the key findings of a report on physical inactivity in the UK. It finds that 1 in 4 people in England are inactive, failing to meet guidelines of 30 minutes of moderate activity per week. Inactivity levels are about 10% higher in more deprived areas. There is also a relationship between inactivity and premature mortality, with more inactive areas having higher premature death rates. However, there is no significant connection between green space availability and inactivity levels. The document calls for a national strategy to reduce inactivity rates by 1% annually, which could save local authorities £1.2 billion over 5 years. It recommends prioritizing inactivity programs and developing evidence-based initiatives to engage inactive groups.
O futuro é brilhante - a saúde pública do futuroJohn Middleton
The future's bright, the future is public health
Keynote presentation to the 25th anniversary celebration of the Instituto De Saude Publica Da Universidade Do Porto (ISPUP) meeting, January 10th 2020.
200110 middletonj porto final
Female Genital Mutilation for Healthcare Professionalsmeducationdotnet
1. My first response would be to ensure the 6-year-old's immediate medical needs are addressed, contact child protective services, and seek guidance on next steps from social work and police regarding her safety and potential legal issues.
2. I would need to examine the child to assess for medical complications of FGM, contact on-call pediatrician for consult, and consider notifying authorities if FGM is identified given its illegality.
3. The child is at risk for infections, bleeding, pain, and long-term sexual and psychological issues from undergoing this traumatic procedure. Her well-being and protection from further harm is
Pandora's eggs: Social Darwinism v. Economic Rationalism in access to IVFLouise Miller Frost
assisted reproduction remains a hot topic, polarising opinions. This paper examines some of the dominant discourses and the underlying assumptions and philosophies.
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3. Summary
This report presents statistics on abortions carried out in England and Wales in 2011.
In 2011, for women resident in England and Wales:
• The total number of abortions was 189,931, 0.2% more than in 2010 (189,574) and 7.7%
more than in 2001 (176,364).
• The age-standardised abortion rate was 17.5 per 1,000 resident women aged 15-44, the
same as in 2010, but 2.3% higher than in 2001 (17.1) and more than double the rate of 8.0
recorded in 1970.
• The abortion rate was highest at 33 per 1,000 for women aged 20, the same as in 2010 and
in 2001.
• The under-16 abortion rate was 3.4 per 1,000 women and the under-18 rate was 15.0 per
1,000 women, both lower than in 2010 (3.9 and 16.5 per 1,000 women respectively) and in
the year 2001 (3.7 and 18.0 per 1,000 women respectively).
• 96% of abortions were funded by the NHS. Over half (61%) took place in the independent
sector under NHS contract, up from 59% in 2010 and 2% in 1981.
• 91% of abortions were carried out at under 13 weeks gestation. 78% were at under 10
weeks compared to 77% in 2010 and 58% in 2001.
• Medical abortions accounted for 47% of the total, up from 43% in 2010 and 13% in 2001.
• 2,307 abortions (1%) were carried out under ground E (risk that the child would be born
handicapped).
Non-residents:
• In 2011, there were 6,151 abortions for non-residents carried out in hospitals and clinics in
England and Wales (6,535 in 2010). The 2011 total is the lowest in any year since 1969.
3
4. 1. Introduction
1.1 This report presents statistics on abortions carried out in England and Wales in 2011. It
is the tenth in an annual series published by the Department of Health (DH), the first of
which was for abortions in 2002. These are available on the DH website 1. Statistics for
years from 1974 to 2001 were published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in
their Abortion Statistics Series AB, Nos 1 to 28. The reports for 1991 to 2001 are
available electronically on request to abortion.statistics@dh.gsi.gov.uk. Statistics for
years from 1968 to 1973 were published in the Registrar General’s Statistical Review of
England and Wales, Supplement on Abortion.
The legislative context
1.2 The Abortion Act 1967, as amended by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act
1990, permits termination of a pregnancy by a registered medical practitioner subject to
certain conditions. Legal requirements apply to the certification and notification of
abortion procedures. Within the terms of the Abortion Act, only a registered practitioner
can terminate a pregnancy. The doctor taking responsibility for the procedure is legally
required to notify the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of the abortion within 14 days of the
termination, whether carried out in the NHS or an approved independent sector place and
whether or not the woman is a UK resident. The Department of Health provides form
HSA4 for this purpose. Further details are available on the DH website:
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprov
ement/Sexualhealth/Sexualhealthgeneralinformation/DH_4063863
1.3 Except in an emergency, any treatment for the termination of pregnancy can only be
carried out in an NHS hospital or in a place approved for the purpose by the Secretary of
State, and after 24 weeks, only in an NHS hospital. Through contractual arrangements
with Primary Care Organisations (PCOs), some approved independent sector places
perform NHS-funded abortions.
1.4 A legally induced abortion must be certified by two registered medical practitioners as
justified under one or more of the following grounds:
A the continuance of the pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the pregnant
woman greater than if the pregnancy were terminated (Abortion Act, 1967 as
amended, section 1(1)(c))
B the termination is necessary to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or
mental health of the pregnant woman (section 1(1)(b))
C the pregnancy has not exceeded its twenty-fourth week and that the continuance
of the pregnancy would involve risk, greater than if the pregnancy were terminated,
of injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman (section 1(1)(a))
1
http://transparency.dh.gov.uk/category/statistics/abortion
4
5. D the pregnancy has not exceeded its twenty-fourth week and that the continuance
of the pregnancy would involve risk, greater than if the pregnancy were terminated,
of injury to the physical or mental health of any existing children of the family of the
pregnant woman (section 1(1)(a))
E there is a substantial risk that if the child were born it would suffer from such
physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped (section 1(1)(d))
or, in an emergency, certified by the operating practitioner as immediately necessary:
F to save the life of the pregnant woman (section 1(4))
G to prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant
woman (section 1(4))
How the statistics are produced
1.5 The doctor taking responsibility for an abortion is legally required to notify the Chief
Medical Officer (CMO) within 14 days of the termination. Abortion notification forms
(HSA4s) can be submitted online or on paper.
1.6 The Department of Health use a thorough process for inspecting and recording the
information received on the forms in order to monitor compliance with the legislation and
the extent to which best practice guidance from the Department of Health is followed.
The methods used ensure good quality, accurate statistics can be derived from the data.
Annex A contains further information about data quality.
1.7 The format of the tables have been revised in the light of the judgment handed down by
the High Court in the case relating to the release of information on principal medical
condition for abortions performed under Ground E. A more limited degree of suppression
has been applied, where necessary, to avoid the disclosure of personal data.
1.8 This publication is a National Statistic. It is a statutory requirement that National Statistics
should be produced in accordance with the standards set out in the Code of Practice for
Official Statistics. The UK Statistics Authority assesses all National Statistics for
compliance with the Code of Practice. The results of the assessment of abortion
statistics were published in February 2012 and are available at
http://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/assessment/assessment/assessmentreports/index.html. The Statistics Authority confirmed that the statistics could continue to
be designated as National Statistics.
5
6. 2 . Commentary
Unless specified, the following commentary, charts and tables relate to abortions
carried out in England and Wales for residents of England and Wales only, rather than
all abortions carried out in England and Wales. Figures in all but Table 13 exclude
abortions for residents of England and Wales that are carried out in other parts of the
United Kingdom or outside the UK.
Overall number and rate of abortions
2.1 In total, there were 196,082 abortions notified as taking place in England and Wales in
2011. There were 189,931 abortions to residents of England and Wales in 2011. This
represents an age-standardised abortion rate of 17.5 per 1,000 resident women aged 1544 2. This is 6% lower than the rate of 18.6 in 2007, but 2% higher than in 2001 and
more than double the rate of 8.0 recorded in 1970 (See Table 1 and Figure 1).
Figure 1: Age-standardised abortion rate per 1,000 women aged 15-44,
England and Wales, 1969 to 2011
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1969
1974
1979
1984
1989
1994
1999
2004
2009
Age
2.2 The abortion rate in 2011 was highest, at 33 per 1,000, for women aged 20. There were
1,000 abortions to women aged under 15 (less than one per cent of the total) and 683 to
women aged 45 or over (less than a half of one per cent) (See Table 4a and Figure 2).
2
See Annex A for details about how the rate is derived.
6
7. Figure 2: Abortion rate per 1,000 population by single year of age,
England and Wales, 2001, 2010 and 2011
40
2001
35
2010
30
2011
Rate
25
20
15
10
5
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
Age
2.3 The under-16 abortion rate was 3.4 in 2011 compared with 3.9 in 2010 and 3.7 in 2001
and the under-18 rate was 15.0 in 2011, compared with 16.5 in 2010 and 18.0 in 2001.
Rates for women aged 15 to 19 were lower than in 2010, whereas rates for women aged
31 to 39 were higher. Similarly, compared with 2001, the rates in 2011 were lower for
women aged 15 to 24 and higher for women aged 25 or over.
2.4 The under-16 abortion rate for the period 2009-2011 varied from under two per 1,000
women in Kensington and Chelsea to nearly eight per 1,000 women in Southwark (See
Table 10b).
Marital status
2.5 About four-fifths (81%) of abortions in 2011 were carried out for single women, a
proportion that has risen slowly from 76% since 2001 (See Table 3a.v).
Ethnicity
2.6 The revised HSA4 forms introduced in 2002 allowed for the recording of ethnicity, as selfreported by the women involved. This information was not previously recorded. Ethnicity
was recorded on 95% of the forms received for 2011 compared with 80% in 2003, the
first full year of collection. Of women whose ethnicity was recorded in 2011, 76% were
reported as White, 10% as Asian or Asian British and 9% as Black or Black British (See
Table 3a.vi).
2.7 The percentage of women having an abortion in 2011 who had one or more previous
abortions varies by ethnic group. 32% of Asian women having abortions in 2011 had
previously had an abortion, compared with 49% of Black women (See Table A below).
7
8. Table A: Percentage of women who had one or more previous abortions, by ethnicity,
England and Wales, 2011
Ethnicity
Asian or Asian British
Black or Black British
Chinese or other ethnic group
Mixed
White
All women
% of women who had one
or more previous abortions
32%
49%
33%
45%
35%
36%
Location and funding of abortions
2.8 Table 3a.i and Figure 3 show that in 2011, 35% of abortions were performed in NHS
hospitals and 61% in approved independent sector places under NHS contract
(previously named NHS Agency), making a total of 96% of abortions funded by the NHS.
The remaining 4% were privately funded. The proportion performed under NHS contract
has been rising steadily since this information was collected in 1981, while the
proportions of NHS hospital and private abortions have been falling since 1995 and 1988
respectively.
Figure 3: Abortions by purchaser / provider, England and Wales, 1981 to 2011
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
NHS Funded: NHS Hospital
NHS Funded: Independent Sector
Privately Funded
Statutory grounds for abortion
2.9 In 2011, the vast majority (98%; 185,973) of abortions were undertaken under ground C
and a further 1% (1,455) under ground D. A similar proportion were carried out under
ground E (1%; 2,307). Grounds A and B together accounted for about a tenth of one per
cent of abortions (195). The proportion of ground C abortions has risen steadily, with a
corresponding reduction in ground D cases (See Table 3a.ii). The vast majority (99.96%)
8
9. of ground C only terminations were reported as being performed because of a risk to the
woman’s mental health. Abortions are rarely performed under grounds F or G.
2.10 Congenital malformations were reported as the principal medical condition in nearly half
(45%; 1,046) of the 2,307 cases undertaken under ground E. The most commonly
reported malformations were of the nervous system (23% of all ground E cases; 540) and
the musculoskeletal system (7%; 160). Chromosomal abnormalities were reported as the
principal medical condition for just over a third (39%; 889) of Ground E cases. Down’s
syndrome was the most commonly reported chromosomal abnormality (22%; 511) (See
Table 9).
2.11 As in each year since 1999, fewer than 10 abortions under ground E in 2011 were
associated with rubella.
Gestation period
2.12 The vast majority of abortions are performed at under 13 weeks (91% in 2011). There
has been a continuing increase in the proportion of abortions that are performed under 10
weeks since 2002. In 2011, 78% of abortions were performed at under 10 weeks,
compared to 77% in 2010 and 58% in 2001. There were corresponding decreases in the
Figure 4: Abortions by gestation, England and Wales, 2001 to 2011
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2001
2002
2003
2004
Under 10 weeks
2005
2006
10-12 weeks
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
13 or more weeks
proportion performed later: in 2011, 13% were performed at 10-12 weeks (compared to
15% in 2010 and 30% in 2001) and 9% at 13 weeks or more (compared to 9% in 2010
and 12% in 2001) (See Table 3a.iii and Figure 4).
2.13 Over three quarters (78%) of NHS funded abortions took place at under 10 weeks,
ranging from 56% in Barnsley PCT to 89% in Caerphilly Local Health Board (See Table
11). Department of Health policy is that women who are legally entitled to an abortion
should have access to the procedure as soon as possible. Evidence shows that the risk
of complications increases the later the gestation.
2.14 Abortions where gestation has exceeded its twenty-fourth week account for less than
0.1% of the total. There were 146 such abortions in 2011 (See Table 5 and Table 9).
9
10. Previous abortions
2.15 In 2011, 36% of women undergoing abortions had one or more previous abortions. The
proportion has risen from 31% since 2001 (See Table 3a.ix and Table 4b). 26% of
abortions to women aged under 25 were repeat abortions (See Table 11). Repeat
unintended pregnancy and subsequent abortion is a complex issue associated with
increased age as it allows longer for exposure to pregnancy risks (See Table B).
Table B: Percentage of women who had one or more previous abortions, by age,
England and Wales, 2011
Age
Under 18
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35 or over
All women
% of women who had one or
more previous abortions
7%
19%
34%
43%
46%
45%
36%
Previous obstetric history
2.16 In 2011, 51% of women undergoing abortions had one or more previous pregnancies that
resulted in a live or stillbirth, slightly up from 47% in 2001 (See Table 3a.vii). 17% of
women had a previous pregnancy resulting in a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, up
from 13% in 2002, when the information was first collected (See Table 3a.viii).
Method of abortion
2.17 Different methods may be used to terminate a pregnancy, depending on the duration of
gestation, and other circumstances relating to the individual woman. There is one
principal medical method, involving the use of the abortifacient drug Mifegyne
(mifepristone, also known as RU486). The main surgical methods are vacuum aspiration,
recommended at up to 15 weeks gestation, and dilatation and evacuation (D&E)
recommended where gestation is greater than 15 weeks. D&E may be used in
combination with vacuum aspiration; such cases are recorded in the statistics as D&E.
2.18 Medical abortions accounted for 47% of the total in 2011. The proportion of medical
abortions has more than trebled in the last ten years, from 13% in 2001. There has been
a continuing upward trend in medical abortions since 1991 when Mifegyne was licensed
for use in the UK, when only 4% of abortions were undertaken using a medical procedure
(See Table 3a.iv and Table 5). In 2011, 60% of abortions under 9 weeks were medical
abortions compared with 20% in 2001. The choice of early medical abortion as a method
of abortion is likely to have contributed to the increase in the overall percentage of
abortions performed at under 10 weeks gestation (58% in 2001 compared with 78% in
2011). Early medical abortion is less invasive than a surgical procedure and does not
involve use of anaesthetics.
2.19 The surgical procedure vacuum aspiration was used for 48% of all abortions in 2011; and
Dilatation and Evacuation (D&E) alone in about 5% (See Table 3a.iv).
10
11. 2.20 For abortions at 22 weeks or beyond, feticide is recommended prior to the evacuation of
the uterus to stop the fetal heart. In 2011, of the 1,264 abortions performed at 22 weeks
and over, 72% were reported as preceded by a feticide and a further 25% were
performed by a method whereby the fetal heart is stopped as part of the procedure. 2%
of abortions at 22 weeks or beyond were confirmed as having no feticide. For the
remaining 4 cases, at the time of publication, we had not been able to confirm whether
feticide had been performed.
Length of stay
2.21 In 2011, 586 women (0.3%) were reported as having a duration of stay of one or more
nights. More than half of these stays were for abortions performed at later gestations of
20 weeks and over (See Table C).
Table C: Abortions requiring a length of stay of one or more nights, percentage breakdown by
gestation, England and Wales, 2011
Gestation (weeks)
Under 10
10-12
13-19
20 or over
% of those requiring a length
of stay of one or more nights
(Total = 100%)
18%
7%
12%
63%
% of all abortions
(Total = 100%)
78%
13%
7%
1%
Complications
2.22 Complications were reported in 279 cases in 2011, a rate of about one in every 700
abortions, slightly lower than in 2010 and 25 per cent lower than in 2001 (See Table 8).
Selective terminations
2.23 In 2011, there were 72 abortions which involved selective terminations. In 37 cases, two
fetuses were reduced to one fetus. In 18 cases, three fetuses were reduced to two
fetuses and in 9 cases three fetuses were reduced to one fetus. Over three quarters
(81%) of the selective terminations were performed under ground E.
Chlamydia screening
2.24 The revised HSA4 forms introduced in 2002 allowed for the recording of whether
chlamydia screening was offered. The Royal College of Obstetricians and
Gynaecologists recommend that all women undergoing an abortion should be screened
for C. trachomatis and undergo a risk assessment for other STIs. Chlamydia is the most
commonly diagnosed STI in England. Infection of varying degrees of severity may occur
after medical or surgical abortion and is usually caused by pre-existing infection.
Prophylactic antibiotic use and bacterial screening for lower genital tract infection reduces
this risk. Analysis of returned data for 2011 shows that 88% of women having abortions
in 2011 were offered chlamydia screening, up from 65% in 2002 The figure for women
aged under 25 is slightly higher (90%) (See Table 3.x).
11
12. Place of residence within England and Wales
2.25 The place of residence details provided on the HSA4 form are used to allocate each
record to a Primary Care Organisation for analysis. For Wales, records are allocated to
their equivalents, Local Health Boards. Tables 10a, 10b and 11 show information for
these areas.
Women resident outside England and Wales
2.26 In 2011, there were 6,151 abortions to women resident outside England and Wales,
compared with 6,535 in 2010. Principally, these non-residents were from Northern
Ireland (16%) and the Irish Republic (67%). The number of abortions to non-residents
has fallen each year since 2001, when the figure was 9,910. The 2011 total is the lowest
in any year since 1969 (See Table 1 and Table 12a).
Abortions carried out in Great Britain
2.27 There were 208,553 abortions carried out in Great Britain in 2011, of which 94% took
place in England and Wales and 6% took place in Scotland (See Table 13). Scotland
perform the majority of abortions medically 74% compared to those performed in England
and Wales where the proportions were surgical 54% and medical 46%. The proportion of
women undergoing abortions who had one or more previous abortions was higher for
women having abortions in England and Wales (35%) than those having abortions in
Scotland (29%).
12
13. Index to Tables
Table
Description
Table 1
Legal abortions: resident status and purchaser, 1968 to 2011
Table 2
Legal abortions: age by (i) purchaser, (ii) statutory grounds, (iii) gestation weeks,
(iv) procedure, (v) marital status, (vi) ethnicity, (vii) parity, (viii) previous miscarriages,
(ix) previous abortions, (x) chlamydia screening, residents of England and Wales, 2011
Table 3a
Legal abortions: by (i) purchaser, (ii) statutory grounds, (iii) gestation weeks,
(iv) procedure, (v) marital status, (vi) ethnicity, (vii) parity, (viii) previous miscarriages,
(ix) previous abortions, (x) chlamydia screening, residents of England and Wales, 2001 to 2011
Table 3b
Legal abortions: totals, rates and percentages by age group, residents of England and Wales,
2001 to 2011
Table 4a
Legal abortions: by age, residents of England and Wales, 2011
Table 4b
Legal abortions: number of previous abortions by age, residents of England and Wales, 2011
Table 5
Legal abortions: gestation weeks by purchaser and method of abortion, residents of England
and Wales, 2011
Table 6
Legal abortions: gestation weeks by age and purchaser, residents of England and Wales, 2011
Table 7a
Legal abortions: procedure by gestation weeks, residents of England and Wales, 2011
Table 7b
Legal abortions: grounds by gestation weeks, residents of England and Wales, 2011
Table 8
Legal abortions: complication rates by procedure and gestation weeks, residents of England
and Wales, 2011
Table 9
Legal abortions: principal medical condition for abortions performed under ground E, residents
of England and Wales, 2011
Table 10a
Legal abortions: numbers by Primary Care Organisation (England) and Local Health Board
(Wales) of residence, by age, 2011
Table 10b
Legal abortions: rates by Primary Care Organisation (England) and Local Health Board (Wales)
of residence, by age, 2011
Table 11
Legal abortions: purchaser, gestation, Sexual Health Indicator and repeat abortions,
by Primary Care Organisation (England) and Local Health Board (Wales) of residence, 2011
Table 12a
Legal abortions: non residents of England & Wales by country of residence, 2011
Table 12b
Legal abortions: non residents of England & Wales by (i) age, (ii) statutory grounds and
(iii) gestation, 2011
Table 12c
Legal abortions: country of residence by age and gestation, 2011
Table 13
Legal abortions: countries of Great Britain by (i) age, (ii) gestation, (iii) procedure, (iv) parity,
(v) previous abortions, (vi) grounds and (vii) principal medical condition for abortions performed
under ground E, 2011
13
15. Table 2: Legal abortions: age by (i) purchaser, (ii) statutory grounds, (iii) gestation weeks, (iv) procedure, (v) marital status,
(vi) ethnicity, (vii) parity, (viii) previous miscarriages, (ix) previous abortions, (x) chlamydia screening, 2011
England and Wales, residents
numbers and percentages
All ages
no.
All legal abortions
Under 20
%
no.
20-34
%
no.
35 and over
%
no.
%
189,931
100%
34,923
100%
127,809
100%
27,199
100%
66,470
116,582
6,879
35
61
4
13,556
20,987
380
39
60
1
44,146
79,020
4,643
35
62
4
8,768
16,575
1,856
32
61
7
45
102
48
185,973
1,455
2,307
1
0
0
0
98
1
1
0
3
14
3
34,699
99
105
0
0
0
0
99
0
0
0
26
62
39
125,252
1,067
1,362
1
0
0
0
98
1
1
0
16
26
6
26,022
289
840
0
0
0
0
96
1
3
0
147,636
25,540
14,026
2,729
78
13
7
1
25,332
5,617
3,357
617
73
16
10
2
100,581
16,728
8,784
1,716
79
13
7
1
21,723
3,195
1,885
396
80
12
7
1
100,190
89,741
53
47
18,307
16,616
52
48
66,502
61,307
52
48
15,381
11,818
57
43
46,790
88,667
10,171
29,107
5,685
9,511
26
49
6
16
3
10,810
19,374
2,493
180
143
1,923
33
59
8
1
0
32,001
60,734
6,871
18,543
3,416
6,244
26
50
6
15
3
3,979
8,559
807
10,384
2,126
1,344
15
33
3
40
8
121,238
912
13,766
2,131
958
632
1,693
6,840
3,715
1,691
5,419
4,878
10,616
905
1,992
2,300
10,245
67
1
8
1
1
0
1
4
2
1
3
3
6
1
1
1
26,600
109
1,054
555
214
154
352
366
346
192
405
866
1,169
151
114
194
2,082
81
0
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
0
0
1
78,218
622
10,419
1,450
664
406
1,178
5,385
2,744
1,230
3,957
3,291
7,606
642
1,562
1,639
6,796
65
1
9
1
1
0
1
4
2
1
3
3
6
1
1
1
16,420
181
2,293
126
80
72
163
1,089
625
269
1,057
721
1,841
112
316
467
1,367
64
1
9
0
0
0
1
4
2
1
4
3
7
0
1
2
30,724
4,199
88
12
58,643
69,166
46
54
3,902
23,297
14
86
(i) Purchaser
NHS Funded: NHS Hospital
NHS Funded: Independent Sector
Privately Funded
(ii) Statutory grounds
A (alone or with B, C or D)
B (alone)
B (with C or D)
C (alone)
D (alone, or with C)
E (alone or with A, B, C, or D)
F or G
(iii) Gestation weeks
3-9
10 - 12
13 -19
20 and over
(iv) Procedure
Surgical
Medical
(v) Marital status 1
Single no partner
Single with partner
Single not stated
Married/civil partnership
Separated/widowed/divorced
Not known & not stated
(vi) Ethnicity 1
White - British
White - Irish
White - Any other White background
Mixed - White and Black Caribbean
Mixed - White and Black African
Mixed - White and Asian
Mixed - Any Other
Asian or Asian British - Indian
Asian or Asian British - Pakistani
Asian or Asian British - Bangladeshi
Asian - Any other Asian background
Black or Black British - Caribbean
Black or Black British - African
Black or Black British - Any other
Chinese
Any other ethnic group
Not known/not stated
(vii) Parity (number of previous pregnancies resulting in live or still birth)
0
1+
93,269
96,662
49
51
(viii) Number of previous pregnancies resulting in spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancies
0
1+
158,157
31,774
83
17
33,159
1,764
95
5
105,835
21,974
83
17
19,163
8,036
70
30
(ix) Number of previous pregnancies resulting in abortion under the Act
0
1+
121,826
68,105
64
36
30,058
4,865
86
14
76,861
50,948
60
40
14,907
12,292
55
45
166,494
23,437
88
12
31,657
3,266
91
9
111,727
16,082
87
13
23,110
4,089
85
15
(x) Chlamydia screening
Offered
Not offered
1
Percentages exclude not known and not stated
15
16. Table 3a: Legal abortions: by (i) purchaser, (ii) statutory grounds, (iii) gestation weeks, (iv) procedure, (v) marital status,
(vi) ethnicity, (vii) parity, (viii) previous miscarriages, (ix) previous abortions, (x) chlamydia screening, 2001 to 2011
England and Wales, residents
percentages
2001
All legal abortions ( =100% )
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2
176,364 175,932 181,582 185,713 186,416 193,737 198,499 195,296 189,100 189,574
2011
189,931
(i) Purchaser
NHS Funded: NHS Hospital
NHS Funded: Independent Sector
Privately Funded
43
33
24
42
36
22
42
38
20
40
42
18
40
44
16
39
48
13
38
50
11
38
53
9
38
56
6
37
59
4
35
61
4
0
1
93
5
1
0
1
94
4
1
0
1
94
3
1
0
1
95
3
1
0
1
96
2
1
0
1
97
1
1
0
0
98
1
1
0
0
98
1
1
0
0
97
1
1
0
0
98
1
1
0
0
98
1
1
58
30
11
2
57
30
11
2
58
29
11
2
60
27
11
2
67
23
9
1
68
22
9
2
70
20
9
1
73
17
8
1
75
16
8
1
77
15
7
1
78
13
7
1
Vacuum aspiration
Dilatation and evacuation
Other surgical
All surgical
81
6
0
87
81
4
0
86
80
3
0
83
76
4
0
80
71
5
0
76
64
6
0
70
60
5
0
65
57
5
0
62
54
5
0
60
52
5
0
57
48
5
0
53
Antiprogesterone with or without
prostaglandin
Other medical agent
All medical
12
1
13
14
0
14
16
0
17
19
0
20
24
0
24
30
0
30
34
0
34
37
0
37
40
0
40
43
0
43
47
1
47
.
.
.
76
19
3
0
2
25
17
32
75
20
3
0
2
35
30
11
76
19
2
0
2
31
29
17
77
18
2
0
2
33
31
15
79
17
2
0
2
32
36
12
80
17
2
0
2
31
42
8
81
16
2
0
1
29
42
9
81
16
2
0
1
29
43
11
82
15
2
0
1
26
49
6
81
16
2
0
1
26
49
6
81
16
2
0
1
.
.
.
.
.
75
3
7
12
3
76
2
7
12
3
75
2
7
13
3
74
2
8
13
3
75
3
8
12
2
75
3
8
11
3
76
3
8
10
3
76
3
9
10
2
76
3
10
9
2
76
3
10
9
2
53
47
53
47
53
47
53
47
53
47
52
48
51
49
50
50
49
51
(ii) Statutory grounds
A (alone or with B, C or D) or F or G
B (alone or with C or D)
C (alone)
D (alone, or with C)
E (alone or with A, B, C, or D)
(iii) Gestation weeks
3-9
10 - 12
13 - 19
20 and over
(iv) Procedure
(v) Marital status 1
Single no partner
Single with partner
Single not stated
Single (total)
Married/civil partnership
Separated
Widowed
Divorced
(vi) Ethnicity
1
White
Mixed
Asian or Asian British
Black or Black British
Chinese or other ethnic group
(vii) Parity (number of previous pregnancies resulting in live or stillbirth)
0
1+
53
47
53
47
(viii) Number of previous pregnancies resulting in spontaneous miscarriage and ectopic pregnancies
0
1+
.
.
87
13
87
13
86
14
86
14
86
14
86
14
85
15
85
15
84
16
83
17
(ix) Number of previous pregnancies resulting in abortion under the Act
0
1+
69
31
69
31
68
32
68
32
68
32
68
32
68
32
67
33
66
34
66
34
64
36
.
.
65
35
65
35
69
31
71
29
72
28
73
27
73
27
79
21
84
16
88
12
(x) Chlamydia screening
Offered
Not offered
1
Percentages exclude not known and not stated
Revised England and Wales total
. Information was not collected
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
2
16
17. Legal abortions: totals, rates and percentages by age group, 2001 to 2011
England and Wales, residents
Age
numbers, rates and percentages
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Number
All ages
176,364
175,932
181,582
185,713
186,416
193,737
198,499
195,296
189,100
189,574
189,931
Under 16
16-17
3,658
13,615
3,733
13,716
3,967
14,155
3,756
14,136
3,786
14,237
3,990
14,629
4,376
15,913
4,113
15,273
3,823
14,093
3,718
12,742
3,258
11,341
Under 18
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35 or over
Age not stated
17,273
19,816
48,267
36,506
28,782
25,696
24
17,449
19,269
48,359
35,795
28,503
26,438
119
18,122
20,092
51,201
36,018
28,749
27,400
.
17,892
21,250
52,701
37,759
28,064
27,749
.
18,023
21,076
53,342
38,330
27,836
27,809
.
18,619
22,667
55,340
40,396
28,153
28,562
.
20,289
23,666
56,963
41,704
27,257
28,620
.
19,386
23,303
56,172
41,896
26,985
27,554
.
17,916
22,151
54,749
40,634
26,701
26,949
.
16,460
21,809
55,481
40,800
27,978
27,046
.
14,599
20,324
55,909
42,321
29,579
27,199
.
Crude rate per 1,000 women 1
All ages
16.3
16.2
16.6
16.9
17.0
17.5
17.9
17.6
17.0
17.1
17.2
Under 16
16-17
3.7
21.4
3.7
21.1
3.9
21.5
3.7
21.0
3.7
21.1
3.9
21.4
4.4
23.4
4.2
22.2
4.0
20.5
3.9
18.9
3.4
17.2
Under 18
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35 or over
18.0
32.1
30.6
20.9
14.2
6.5
17.8
30.7
30.1
21.4
14.2
6.6
18.2
30.8
31.2
22.1
14.6
6.8
17.8
31.9
31.9
23.3
14.5
6.8
17.8
31.6
32.0
23.6
14.5
6.8
18.2
33.3
32.5
24.3
15.1
6.9
19.8
34.3
32.6
24.3
15.1
6.9
18.9
33.3
31.6
23.9
15.6
6.7
17.6
31.6
30.0
22.8
15.7
6.6
16.5
30.7
30.2
22.5
16.5
6.7
15.0
28.8
30.1
22.9
17.2
6.9
Under 16
16-17
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
7
2
7
2
6
Under 18
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35 or over
10
11
27
21
16
15
10
11
27
20
16
15
10
11
28
20
16
15
10
11
28
20
15
15
10
11
29
21
15
15
10
12
29
21
15
15
10
12
29
21
14
14
10
12
29
21
14
14
9
12
29
21
14
14
9
12
29
22
15
14
8
11
29
22
16
14
Percentage
1
Rates for all ages, under 16 and under 18 are based on the mid-year population estimates for 15-44, 13-15 and 15-17 respectively. See Annex A for
further details.
2
revised England and Wales total.
. not applicable: records where age was not stated have been distributed pro-rata across age group 20-24.
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
17
18. Table 4a: Legal abortions: by age, 2011
England and Wales, residents
Age
Crude rates
per 1,000
1
women
Total
All ages
189,931
2
158
842
1
3
Under 16
Under 18
3,258
14,599
3
15
15-19
33,923
20
2,258
4,494
6,847
9,304
11,020
7
14
21
27
31
55,909
30
11,829
11,455
11,431
10,946
10,248
33
31
31
29
27
42,321
23
9,557
9,065
8,274
7,981
7,444
25
24
23
22
20
Crude rates
per 1,000
1
women
Total
17
1,000
Age
Under 15
Under 14
14
15
16
17
18
19
20-24
20
21
22
23
24
25-29
25
26
27
28
29
30-34
29,579
6,944
6,778
5,926
5,175
4,756
45
46
47
48
49
0
347
172
86
34
21
45-49
6
5
4
2
1
660
40
41
42
43
44
4
2,577
1,981
1,468
1,012
606
40-44
13
12
10
9
8
7,644
35
36
37
38
39
10
4,427
4,213
3,699
3,376
3,157
35-39
19
19
18
16
14
18,872
30
31
32
33
34
17
1
0
0
0
0
23
.
50 and over
1
Rates for all ages, under 14, under 15, under 16 and under 18 are based on mid-2010 population
estimates for 15-44, 13, 13-14, 13-15 and 15-17 respectively. See Annex A for further details.
. Rate not available.
Records where age was not stated have been distributed pro-rata across age group 20-24.
Table 4b: Legal abortions: number of previous abortions by age, 2011
England and Wales, residents
Number of
previous
abortions
Total
no.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 or more
121,826
50,864
12,803
3,122
882
279
79
76
Total
189,931
under 16
16 and 17
18 and 19
%
no.
%
no.
no.
64
27
7
2
0
0
0
0
3,174
82
2
0
0
0
0
0
97
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,258
10,371
910
56
2
2
0
0
0
11,341
%
91
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
16,513
3,392
373
43
2
1
0
0
20 - 24
25 - 29
%
no.
%
no.
%
81
17
2
0
0
0
0
0
37,009
14,902
3,205
608
145
29
4
7
66
27
6
1
0
0
0
0
23,973
13,319
3,695
939
269
82
24
20
57
31
9
2
1
0
0
0
20,324
55,909
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
18
42,321
30 or over
no.
30,786
18,259
5,472
1,530
464
167
51
49
56,778
%
54
32
10
3
1
0
0
0
19. Table 5: Legal abortions: gestation weeks by purchaser and method of abortion, 2011
England and Wales, residents
Gestation weeks
Total number
of abortions
Purchaser (%)
NHS Funded
Method (%)
Privately
Funded
Medical
Surgical
4
47
53
84
71
67
64
10
7
5
3
65
72
66
56
35
28
34
44
42
49
50
46
55
49
48
52
2
2
2
2
48
24
14
14
52
76
86
86
5,502
3,912
3,089
2,194
45
38
32
29
52
59
65
68
2
3
3
3
17
23
23
24
83
77
77
76
16
17
18
19
1,660
1,388
1,063
720
27
23
19
19
70
73
77
78
3
3
4
3
23
22
18
19
77
78
82
81
20
21
22
23
702
763
553
565
27
42
26
23
71
56
70
73
2
2
4
4
28
39
24
20
72
61
76
80
146
100
.
.
92
8
31
31
28
27
29
100
100
100
100
100
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
94
94
93
93
86
6
6
7
7
14
189,931
35
61
4
47
53
3-8
130,385
31
64
4
60
40
9-12
42,791
48
50
2
18
82
14,026
30
67
3
23
77
2,583
30
67
3
29
71
146
100
0
0
92
8
NHS
Hospital
Independent
Sector
189,931
35
61
3 and 4
5
6
7
2,145
18,395
40,107
38,658
6
22
27
32
8
9
10
11
31,080
17,251
12,405
7,633
12
13
14
15
Total
1
Over 24 weeks
24
25
26-27
28-31
32 and over
1
1
Total
13-19
20-23
1
Over 24 weeks
1
1
24 weeks and 0 days gestation is included in 23 weeks, because the legislation distinguishes between abortions up to 24 weeks and
over 24 weeks
. not applicable: abortions undertaken at over 24 weeks can only be carried out in an NHS hospital
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
19
20. Table 6: Legal abortions: gestation weeks by age and purchaser, 2011
England and Wales, residents
percentages
Purchaser
Gestation weeks
Total
Total number
% breakdown by age
All ages 1 Under 20
34,923
18
127,809
67
27,199
14
100
78
13
7
1
100
73
16
10
2
100
79
13
7
1
100
80
12
7
1
66,470
100
13,556
20
44,146
66
8,768
13
100
74
18
6
1
100
73
20
6
0
100
75
18
6
1
100
71
17
9
3
116,582
100
20,987
18
79,020
68
16,575
14
100
79
11
8
1
100
72
14
12
3
100
80
11
8
1
100
84
9
6
1
6,879
100
380
6
4,643
67
1,856
27
100
86
7
6
1
Total number
% breakdown by age
100
76
8
13
3
100
86
7
6
1
100
87
8
5
1
All gestations
3-9
10-12
13-19
20 and over
NHS Funded: Independent Sector
Total number
% breakdown by age
All gestations
3-9
10-12
13-19
20 and over
Privately Funded
35 and
over
189,931
100
All gestations
3-9
10-12
13-19
20 and over
NHS Funded: NHS Hospital
20-34
Total number
% breakdown by age
All gestations
3-9
10-12
13-19
20 and over
1
Age not stated have been distributed pro-rata across age group 20-24
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
20
21. Table 7a: Legal abortions: procedure by gestation weeks, 2011
England and Wales, residents
percentages
Procedure
Gestation weeks
Total
3-9
10 - 12
13 - 14
189,931
147,636
25,540
7,001
7,025
2,729
Surgical
53
45
85
77
78
68
Vacuum Aspiration
Dilatation and Evacuation
Feticide with a surgical evacuation 1
48
5
0
44
0
0
82
3
0
56
21
0
5
72
1
0
43
25
Medical
47
55
15
23
22
32
Antiprogesterone with or
without prostaglandin
Other medical agent
Feticide with a medical evacuation
46
1
0
55
1
0
15
0
0
23
0
0
22
1
0
15
1
16
Total abortions
15 - 19 20 & over
1
includes feticide with no method of evacuation and surgical 'other'.
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add to 100
Table 7b: Legal abortions: grounds by gestation weeks, 2011
England and Wales, residents
numbers
Gestation weeks
Grounds
Total
3-9
10 - 12
13 - 19
20 & over
A (alone, or with B, C, D) or F or G
B (alone, or with C or D)
C (alone)
D (alone, or with C)
E (alone, or with A, B, C or D)
46
150
185,973
1,455
2,307
15
101
146,505
1,003
12
7
32
24,793
382
326
13
12
12,742
68
1,191
11
5
1,933
2
778
Total
189,931
147,636
25,540
14,026
2,729
21
22. Table 8: Legal abortions: complication1 rates by procedure and gestation weeks, 2011
England and Wales, residents
Gestation
weeks
complication rates per 1,000 abortions
Total
all
procedures
Procedure
Surgical
Medical
279
113
166
1
1
2
3-9
1
1
1
10 - 12
2
2
5
13 - 19
2
1
6
20 & over
4
1
11
Total complications (numbers)
Rate, all gestations
1
Complications include: haemorrhage, uterine perforation and/or sepsis and are those reported up to the time of
discharge from the place of termination
22
23. Table 9: Legal abortions: principal medical condition for abortions performed
under ground E, 2011
England and Wales, residents
Total
ICD-10 code
Over 24 weeks
gestation 2
Condition
number
Total ground E alone or with any other
1
%
number
%
100
146
100
1,054
46
96
66
the nervous system total
540
23
56
38
anencephaly
encephalocele
microcephaly
hydrocephalus
other malformations of the brain
spina bifida
other
193
27
6
29
81
144
60
8
1
0
1
4
6
3
3
1
3
3
24
9
13
2
1
2
2
16
6
9
the eye, ear, face and neck
the cardiovascular system
the respiratory system
cleft lip and cleft palate
other malformations of the digestive system
the urinary system
the musculoskeletal system
the skin, breast integument phakomatoses
other
5
152
12
4
4
107
160
3
67
0
7
1
0
0
5
7
0
3
0
17
4
0
0
7
7
0
5
0
12
3
0
0
5
5
0
3
890
39
34
23
Down’s syndrome
Edwards’ syndrome
Patau’s syndrome
other
512
176
54
148
22
8
2
6
17
2
1
14
12
1
1
10
Other conditions total
Q00-Q89
2,307
363
16
16
11
124
14
1
27
30
3
3
157
0
2
2
5
1
0
1
1
0
0
7
0
0
0
5
8
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
Congenital malformations total
Q00-Q07
Q00
Q01
Q02
Q03
Q04
Q05
Q06-Q07
Q10-Q18
Q20-Q28
Q30-Q34
Q35-Q37
Q38-Q45
Q60-Q64
Q65-Q79
Q80-Q85
Q86-Q89
Q90-Q99
Q90
Q910-Q913
Q914-Q917
Q92-Q99
P00-P04
P05-P08
P35-P39
P832-P833
O30
O41
Z20-Z22
Z80-Z84
Chromosomal abnormalities total
fetus affected by maternal factors
fetal disorders related to gestation and growth
fetus affected by congenital infectious disease
hydrop fetalis not due to haemolytic disease
multiple gestation
disorder of the amniotic fluids
exposure to communicable disease
family history of heritable disorder
Ground A, B ,F, G
other
not known
1
ICD-10 codes are taken from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems
(Tenth Revision) published by the World Health Organisation (WHO)
2
Over 24 week total includes 2 abortions carried out under grounds A, B, F or G
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
23
36. Table 12a: Legal abortions: non-residents by country of residence, 2011
total
percentages
6,151
100%
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Isle of Man
Jersey
Guernsey
1,007
233
96
11
14
16.4
3.8
1.6
0.2
0.2
European countries
Irish Republic
Austria
Cyprus
Denmark
France
Germany
Gibraltar
Hungary
Italy
Malta
Netherland, The
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Other
4,149
4
13
12
51
10
6
7
169
63
3
6
24
10
4
3
11
3
6
18
67.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.1
2.7
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.3
8
4
5
3
6
7
3
6
7
8
6
4
102
14
35
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.7
0.2
0.6
All non-residents
Country of residence
1
Rest of the world
Australia
Bahrain
Brazil
Cameroon
India
Kuwait
Mauritius
Nigeria
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Thailand
UAE
USA
Other
1
Details of other countries shown under 'Other' can be obtained on request
36
37. Table 12b: Legal abortions: non residents of England and Wales, by
(i) age, (ii) statutory grounds and (iii) gestation weeks, 2011
total
percentages
6,151
100%
Under 16
16 - 17
18 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 and over
82
203
469
1,599
1,496
1,111
810
381
1
3
8
26
24
18
13
6
C (alone)
Other
6,012
139
98
2
3-9
10 - 12
13 - 19
20 and over
3,989
946
826
390
65
15
13
6
All non-residents
(i) Age
(ii) Statutory grounds
(iii) Gestation weeks
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add to 100
Table 12c: Legal abortions, country of residence by age and gestation weeks, 2011
Scotland
Northern Ireland
no.
%
233
All
no.
Irish Republic
%
no.
%
100
1,007
100
4,149
100
6
12
30
59
49
41
19
17
3
5
13
25
21
18
8
7
19
50
91
268
226
170
121
62
2
5
9
27
22
17
12
6
37
111
295
1109
1051
755
534
257
1
3
7
27
25
18
13
6
100
10
23
100
43
4
10
43
709
174
108
16
70
17
11
2
2840
684
511
114
68
16
12
3
Age
Under 16
16 - 17
18 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 & over
Gestation weeks
3-9
10 - 12
13 - 19
20 & over
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
37
38. Table 13: Legal abortions: by country of procedure and (i) age, (ii) gestation weeks, (iii) procedure, (iv)
parity, (v) previous abortions, (vi) grounds and (vii) principal medical condition for abortions performed
under ground E, 2011
Country of abortion
numbers
England & Wales
All legal abortions
196,082
100%
3,340
11,544
20,793
57,508
43,817
30,690
28,390
2
6
11
29
22
16
14
151,625
26,486
14,852
3,119
105,773
90,309
Scotland p
Great Britain p
100%
208,553
100%
285
897
1,521
3,847
2,696
1,692
1,533
2
7
12
31
22
14
12
3,625
12,441
22,314
61,355
46,513
32,382
29,923
2
6
11
29
22
16
14
77
14
8
2
9,417
2,071
930
53
76
17
7
0
161,042
28,557
15,782
3,172
77
14
8
2
54
46
3,300
9,171
26
74
109,073
99,480
52
48
49
51
6,374
6,097
51
49
103,070
105,483
49
51
65
35
8,855
3,616
71
29
135,634
72,919
65
35
12,471 p
(i) Age
Under 16
16-17
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35+
(ii) Gestation weeks
3-9
10 - 12
13 - 19
20 and over
(iii) Procedure
Surgical
Medical
(iv) Parity (number of previous pregnancies resulting in live or stillbirth)
0
1+
96,696
99,386
(v) Number of previous pregnancies resulting in abortion under the Act
0
1
126,779
69,303
(vi) Grounds
A (alone or with B, C or D) or F or G
B (alone or with C or D)
C (alone)
D (alone or with C)
E (alone one with A, B, C or D)
48
0
*
150
191,985
1,478
2,421
0
98
1
1
*
11,602
722
136
100%
136
.
.
93
6
1
48
150
203,587
2,200
2,557
.
.
98
1
1
(vii) Principal medical condition for abortions performed under ground E
Total Ground E
The nervous system (Q00 - Q007)
Other congenital malformations (Q10-Q89)
Chromosomal abnormalities:
Other:
2,421
574
532
937
378
24
22
39
16
1
27
33
48
28
100%
20
24
35
21
2,557
601
565
985
406
100%
24
22
39
16
p Provisional data
* Adhering to ISD Statistical Disclosure Control Protocol. See annex B
. Not available
1
Some notifications record more than one Statutory Ground, therefore totals may not match with the numbers released by ISD Scotland.
Source: ISD Scotland, Department of Health
Note: percentages are rounded and may not add up to 100
38
39. Abortion Statistics, England and Wales: 2011
Annex A: Data Quality and Methods
•
i.
Validation
The Department of Health use a thorough process for inspecting and recording the
information received on the forms in order to monitor compliance with the legislation and
the extent to which best practice guidance from the Department of Health is followed.
Selected forms are scrutinised by a medical practitioner who may request further detail
from the patient’s medical record via the terminating doctor. Further details of the checks
that are made on the data are available on the Department of Health web site at:
http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprov
ement/Sexualhealth/Sexualhealthgeneralinformation/DH_4063863
•
ii.
Forms returned after the publication cut-off date
The 2011 figures in this annual bulletin are based on a snapshot of the records taken
about six weeks prior to publication. A small number of notifications have been, and will
continue to be, received after this cut-off date. Whilst these additional notifications are
processed and the information retained in line with our retention policy, they are not
included in future statistical releases. So, for example, figures for 2010 published in the
2010 bulletin have not be revised in this year’s bulletin. This policy of not revising
statistics is taken for three main reasons:
•
•
•
to prevent the disclosure of personal information arising from small differences in
published tables;
to ensure consistency in published outputs over time; and
because the revisions would be small in scale and therefore of little value.
40. Abortion Statistics, England and Wales: 2010
iii.
The scale of the effect is illustrated below for 2010. A further 416 notifications were
received after the cut-off, equating to a quarter of one per cent of the published total. As
the table below shows, the inclusion of this information would have resulted in no change
in the percentage breakdowns by age group, gestation and grounds to one decimal
place.
Table: Examples of the effect on the statistics of forms returned after the publication cutoff date
Published 2010 figures
2010 figures incorporating
notifications received after the
publication cut-off
189,574
189,990
Gestation (weeks)
3 to 9
10 to 12
13 to 19
20 or over
Not known
76.6%
14.5%
7.4%
1.4%
N/A
74.6%
14.5%
7.4%
1.4%
0.0%
Grounds
E
Other
1.2%
98.8%
1.2%
98.8%
20.2%
65.5%
14.3%
20.2%
65.5%
14.3%
Total abortions
Age
Under 20
20 to 34
35 or over
•
Incomplete information and imputation
iv.
Incomplete and incorrectly completed forms are returned to practitioners for completion
and clarification. In a very small number of cases (about one-quarter of one percent), the
information remains unavailable at the time of publication. Date of birth was missing from
19 records in 2011, gestation information from 42, postcodes from 42 and grounds from
22.
v.
For the purposes of constructing statistics, values for missing items are imputed.
Records with missing ages were assigned pro-rata to the 20-24 age group, as this is the
modal age group, accounting for 30% of abortions. Missing gestations were imputed as
6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 weeks in equal distribution unless the method of abortion or diagnosis
suggested otherwise. Missing postcodes were imputed with a random postcode from
within the main PCOs of other residents attending the same hospital or clinic. Missing
grounds were imputed as ground C.
•
vi.
Population estimates used for rates of abortion
Abortion rates are calculated using the conventional age range for women in their child
bearing years, 15 – 44.
ii
41. Abortion Statistics, England and Wales: 2010
vii.
•
Abortion rates per 1,000 women for 2011 at a national level and at PCO level were
calculated using the mid-2010 population estimates for England, Wales and England and
Wales and Primary Care Organisations and Local Health Boards, as published at 24
June 2010 and 24 November 2010 respectively 1. Rates for earlier years were calculated
using the latest population estimates available at the time the relevant annual reports
were produced and have not been revised, either by using population estimates for the
year in question or by using updated population estimates.
Deriving age standardised rates of abortion
viii. Rates of abortion are standardised using the European Standard Population (EuSP) 2.
The EuSP is also used to calculate age-standardised National Statistics for cancer
incidence and mortality within the United Kingdom and cause specific mortality in
England and Wales. Over virtually the whole of the age range of women terminating
pregnancies, the EuSP assumes equal populations at each single year of age. The
formulae used to calculate the age-standardised abortion rates are given below.
For the analysis of trends in abortion rates for England and Wales:
where EuSPi is the population of women aged i in the European Standard Population.
For the area analyses in table 10b:
where the rate for women aged under 16 (rate 15) =
number of abortions to women under 16
population of 15 year olds
rate for women aged 44 and over (rate 44) =
number of abortions to women aged 44 and over
population of 44 year olds
1
2
Available at http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/product.asp?vlnk=15106.
Available at http://www.statistics.gov.uk/STATBASE/xsdataset.asp?vlnk=1260&More=Y.
iii