The document provides an overview of abnormal psychology, highlighting the definition, importance, and classification of psychological disorders. It discusses various types of disorders such as mood, anxiety, personality, and eating disorders, along with their prevalence and symptoms. The document emphasizes the significance of treatment, prevention, and the social challenges faced in mental health care.

1. Title Slide
 Abnormal Behavior and Psychological
Disorders
 Introduction to Abnormal Psychology
 Group 2
 3-Dec-2024
 Introduction to Psychology

2. Introduction to Abnormal
Psychology
 What is Abnormal Psychology?
 - Studies unusual behaviors, thoughts,
and emotions.
 - Helps understand mental health
disorders.
 Importance: 1 in 4 people will
experience a mental health disorder at
some point in their life.

3. Defining Abnormal Behavior
 What Makes Behavior Abnormal?
 - Deviance: Behavior different from
societal norms.
 - Distress: Behavior causing personal
suffering.
 - Dysfunction: Behavior interfering with
daily functioning.
 - Danger: Behavior harmful to self or
others.

4. The Four D's of Abnormal
Behavior
 The Four D's:
 - Deviance: Behavior that deviates from the
norm.
 - Distress: Behavior that causes emotional
pain.
 - Dysfunction: Disrupts daily life.
 - Danger: Risks harm to self or others.
 Data: 1 in 5 adults in the U.S. have a mental
health issue each year.

5. Historical Overview of
Abnormal Psychology
 Early Views: Ancient civilizations believed
mental disorders were caused by evil
spirits.
 Middle Ages: People were treated
poorly and placed in asylums.
 Modern Views: Mental health is
influenced by biological, psychological,
and social factors.

6. Development of Treatments
for Abnormal Behavior
 Early Treatments: Ancient treatments like
drilling holes in the skull.
 Middle Ages: People were confined to
asylums.
 Modern Treatments: Therapy,
medication, and support groups.

7. What Are Psychological
Disorders?
 Psychological Disorder: A mental
condition causing serious problems in
thinking, feeling, or behaving.
 Data: Over 300 different mental health
disorders listed in the DSM-5.

8. The DSM-5: A Guide for
Diagnosing Disorders
 What is the DSM-5?
 - A guide for diagnosing psychological
conditions.
 Importance: Standardizes diagnosis,
ensuring consistent treatment.

9. Mood Disorders
 What Are Mood Disorders?
 - Involves extreme emotional states like
depression or bipolar disorder.
 Types of Mood Disorders:
 - Depression: Persistent sadness or loss of
interest.
 - Bipolar Disorder: Mood swings between
depression and mania.
 Data: 6.7% of U.S. adults experience
depression yearly.

10. Depression
 What is Depression?
 - Persistent sadness, loss of interest,
emotional numbness.
 Symptoms: Sadness, irritability, trouble
sleeping, fatigue.
 Data: 1 in 6 people in the U.S. will
experience depression.

11. Bipolar Disorder
 What is Bipolar Disorder?
 - Involves extreme mood swings
between manic and depressive
episodes.
 Symptoms: Manic (high energy),
Depressive (low energy).
 Data: 2.8% of U.S. adults will experience
bipolar disorder.

12. Anxiety Disorders
 What Are Anxiety Disorders?
 - Excessive fear or worry affecting daily
functioning.
 Types:
 - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD):
Constant worry.
 - Panic Disorder: Intense panic attacks.
 - Phobias: Irrational fear of specific things.
 - Social Anxiety: Fear of being judged.
 Data: 18% of U.S. adults experience
anxiety disorders.

13. Generalized Anxiety
Disorder (GAD)
 What is GAD?
 - Excessive worry about various aspects
of life.
 Symptoms: Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty
concentrating.
 Data: Affects 3% of U.S. adults yearly.

14. Panic Disorder
 What is Panic Disorder?
 - Sudden panic attacks with physical
symptoms.
 Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, shortness of
breath.
 Data: Affects 2-3% of U.S. adults.

15. Phobias
What Are Phobias?
- Intense, irrational fear of specific
things.
Symptoms: Avoidance, excessive
anxiety.
Data: 9% of U.S. adults have
phobias.

16. Social Anxiety Disorder
 What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
 - Fear of being judged or embarrassed in
social situations.
 Symptoms: Avoiding social gatherings,
sweating, trembling.
 Data: 7% of U.S. adults experience it.

17. Obsessive-Compulsive and
Related Disorders
 What Are OCD and Related Disorders?
 - OCD: Unwanted thoughts (obsessions)
and repetitive actions (compulsions).
 - Related Disorders: Hoarding, Body
Dysmorphic Disorder.
 Data: 1.2% of U.S. adults have OCD.

18. Schizophrenia
 What is Schizophrenia?
 - Severe mental disorder affecting
thinking and behavior.
 Symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions,
disorganized thinking.
 Data: Affects 1% of the world’s
population.

19. Personality Disorders
 What Are Personality Disorders?
 - Long-lasting patterns of behavior that differ
from societal norms.
 Types:
 - Borderline Personality Disorder: Unstable
emotions.
 - Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Need for
admiration.
 - Antisocial Personality Disorder: Disregard for
others' rights.
 Data: 9% of U.S. adults have a personality
disorder.

20. Eating Disorders
 What Are Eating Disorders?
 - Extreme behaviors around food.
 Types:
 - Anorexia Nervosa: Extreme food
restriction.
 - Bulimia Nervosa: Binge eating and
purging.
 - Binge Eating Disorder: Uncontrolled eating.
 Data: 0.9% of women and 0.3% of men have
anorexia.

21. Neurodevelopmental
Disorders
 What Are Neurodevelopmental Disorders?
 - Conditions affecting brain development
in childhood.
 Types:
 - Autism Spectrum Disorder: Impaired
social interaction.
 - ADHD: Difficulty focusing.
 - Intellectual Disabilities: Below-average
intellectual functioning.
 Data: 1 in 54 children have ASD.

22. Substance Use Disorders
 What Are Substance Use Disorders?
 - Overuse or dependency on substances
like alcohol or drugs.
 Types:
 - Alcohol Use Disorder: Excessive drinking.
 - Drug Use Disorder: Dependency on
substances.
 Data: 14% of U.S. adults struggle with
alcohol use disorder.

23. Trauma and Stressor-Related
Disorders
 What Are Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders?
 - Develop after experiencing traumatic events.
 Types:
 - PTSD: Flashbacks and nightmares.
 - Acute Stress Disorder: Short-term stress after
trauma.
 - Adjustment Disorder: Emotional distress after life
changes.
 Data: 7-8% will experience PTSD.

24. Causes of Psychological
Disorders
 Biological Factors: Genetics, brain
structure, neurotransmitter imbalances.
 Psychological Factors: Childhood
trauma, stress, unhealthy coping.
 Social Factors: Family dynamics, societal
influences.
 Data: People with a family history are at
higher risk.

25. Treatment of Psychological
Disorders
 Treatment Approaches:
 - Therapy: CBT, talk therapy.
 - Medication: Antidepressants, anti-
anxiety meds.
 - Lifestyle Changes: Exercise, diet, stress
management.
 Data: 70% of people with anxiety show
improvement with CBT.

26. Prevention and Awareness
 Prevention: Early identification, access to
care, support networks.
 Data: 60-80% of people with depression
improve with early treatment.

27. Challenges in Mental Health
Care
 Stigma: People face shame for seeking
help.
 Access to Care: Not everyone has
affordable mental health care.
 Data: 1 in 5 people in low-income
countries do not receive treatment.

28. Conclusion
 Key Takeaways:
 - Abnormal behavior and psychological
disorders affect millions.
 - Understanding causes and treatments
helps reduce stigma.
 Closing Thought: Mental health is as
important as physical health. Seeking
help is the first step.