This is about abdominal herni

1. ABDOMINAL
HERNIAS
GIT 301

2. ABDOMINAL HERNIAS
2
 A hernia is the protrusion
of part of the abdominal
contents beyond the
normal confines of the
abdominal wall.
 The hernial coverings are
formed from the layers of
the abdominal wall through
which the hernial sac
passes.

3. ABDOMINAL HERNIAS ARE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES
3
VENTRAL HERNIAS
• Epigastric hernias
• Umbilical hernias
• Incisional hernias
• Spigelian hernias
• Parastomal hernias
• Femoral hernias
INGUINAL HERNIAS
• Direct and indirect

4. EPIGASTRIC HERNIA
4
• Epigastric hernia occurs through the widest part of
the linea alba, anywhere between the xiphoid
process and the umbilicus. The hernia is usually
small and starts off as a small protrusion of
extraperitoneal fat between the fibers of the linea
alba.
• During the following months or years the fat is
forced farther through the linea alba and eventually
drags behind it a small peritoneal sac. The body of
the sac often contains a small piece of greater
omentum. It is common in middle-aged manual
workers.
• Constitute 1.6%–3.6% of abdominal wall hernias 2–3
times and is more common in males

5. UMBILICAL HERNIAS
5
• Congenital umbilical hernia,, is caused by a
failure of part of the midgut to return to the
abdominal cavity from the extraembryonic coelom
during fetal life.
• Acquired infantile umbilical hernia is a small
hernia
• that sometimes occurs in children and is caused
by a weakness in the scar of the umbilicus in the
linea alba. Most become smaller and disappear
without treatment as the abdominal cavity
enlarges.
• Acquired umbilical hernia of adults The hernial
sac does not protrude through the umbilical scar,
but through the linea alba in the region of the
umbilicus.

6. INCISIONAL HERNIAS
6
• An incisional hernia is a protrusion of tissue
that forms at the site of a healing surgical scar.
• This type of hernia accounts for 15-20 percent
of all abdominal hernias.
• An incisional hernia occurs at or in close
proximity to a surgical incision through which
intestine, organ or other tissue protrudes.

7. SPIGELIAN HERNIAS
7
• Spigelian hernias are primary ventral hernias
secondary to a defect in the Spigelian
aponeurosis (fascia) that is comprised of the
transversus abdominis and internal oblique
aponeuroses.
• The borders of the Spigelian aponeurosis are
the rectus muscle medially and the linea
semilunaris laterally.

8. FEMORAL HERNIAS
8
• A femoral hernia usually occurs when
fatty tissue or a part of your bowel pokes
through into your groin at the top of your
inner thigh.
• It pushes through a weak spot in the
surrounding muscle wall (abdominal wall)
into an area called the femoral canal.

9. INGUINAL HERNIAS
9
• A condition in which soft tissue bulges through a
weak point in the abdominal muscles.
• The soft tissue is often part of the intestine. It's
easy to see and feel the bulge, although not all are
visible by the patient, especially when obese.
DIRECT INGINAL HERNIAS:
• A direct inguinal hernia is protrusion of abdominal
contents through the transversalis fascia within
Hesselbach's triangle.
INDIRECT INGUINAL HERNIAS:
• Indirect inguinal hernias are the most common
type of groin hernia.
• Indirect inguinal hernias occur when abdominal
content such as fat or bowel pushes down along
the inguinal canal

10. THANK
YOU
Mirjam Nilsson
nilsson@example.com
678-555-0100
SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE