1. The document discusses various acute biologic conditions including shock, stroke, increased intracranial pressure, burns, and diabetes mellitus. It defines the types, signs and symptoms, and nursing management for each condition.
2. Shock is defined by its types and compensatory mechanisms. Stroke is characterized by focal neurological deficits. Increased intracranial pressure presents with headache and altered mental status. Burn injuries are classified by depth and require wound care. Diabetes mellitus involves monitoring blood sugar levels and administering various insulin therapies.
3. For all conditions, nursing management focuses on promotion of organ function, safety, medication administration, education, and prevention of complications.
Nitric oxide was known as a toxic gas, as an air pollutant, as an agent causing ozone holes and acid rain till 1987 but this Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical, possesses various modulatory effects on biological systems. NO is synthesized from arginine by the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes.
ROLE IN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ROLE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM
ROLE IN NERVOUS SYSTEM
ROLE IN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ROLE IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
ROLE IN RENAL SYSTEM
ROLE IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ROLE IN WOUND HEALING
ROLE IN HAIR GROWTH
Training Of Trainers FAI Eng. Basel Tilapia Welfare.pdfBasel Ahmed
Sexual maturity in ponds is reached at an age of 5-6 months.
Spawning begins when water temperature reaches 24˚c.
The breeding process starts when the male establishes a territory, digs
a craterlike spawning nest and guards his territory called a lek.
Nests are prepared by scooping out depressions at pond bottom.
Mature female visits the pond and there is immediate courtship and mating.
The ripe female spawns in the nest, and immediately after fertilization by the male, collects the eggs into her mouth and moves off.
The female incubates the eggs in her mouth and broods the fry after hatching until the yolk sac is absorbed. (1-2 weeks acc. to water temp.)
The Feed Conversion Ratio is a calculation that tells us how much feed we need to give for the fish to gain 1 kg in weight.
For example, a FCR of 1.5:1 means that the farmer has given 1.5 kg of feed to increase the weight of the fish by 1.0 kg.
FCR = Amount of feed provided (kg) / biomass gained (kg)
Ideal Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) for tilapias in ponds and cages during grow-out stage
The Body Condition Factor is a calculation that tells us if the fish have a normal weight, are underweight or are overweight for their size.
To calculate this, we use the length and weight of the fish.
Body condition factor (k) = 100 x (weight [g] / total length [cm]3)
Ideal Condition Factor (K) for tilapias in ponds and cages during the grow-out stage.
The crude protein is a measure of the % protein contained in the feed.
As a rule of thumb, as tilapia grow, the percentage of crude protein needed for optimal growth decreases.
In this module, we are focusing on the grow-out stage and the ideal amount of protein in ponds and cages.
Ideal crude protein % for tilapias in ponds and cages during the grow-out stage.
Experiment 1 Introduction to In-Vitro pharmacology and physiological salt so...Kanchan Chouksey
In Vitro pharmacology studies the biological effects of a drug in an isolated environment, such as cell lines or tissues.
This setup conveniently eliminates whole organism physiological influences allowing for a detailed analysis a compound’s impact.
Heart is supplied by autonomic nervous system.
Adrenaline acts as agonist.
It acts on β-receptors and increases heart rate and amplitude.
Acetylcholine acts on muscarinic receptors as an agonist and decreases the heart rate and amplitude.
Excess concentration of KCl stops the heart beat during diastolic phase.
Ca2+ excess concentration stops the heart beat during systolic phase.
K+ and Ca2+act on cardiac muscle through non-receptor mechanism of action.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Advance life support refer to a constellation of interventions needed to support the vital physiological process during a critical illness, while we await response with definitive therapy. These life support measures are instituted to prevent cardiac arrest.
To recognise physiological derangements that arise out of multiple etiologies and stabilize them first.
EVALUATE – IDENTIFY – INTERVENE
The steps of evaluation are
1.Initial impression
2. Primary assessment
3. Secondary assessment
4. Diagnostic test
Gives insight to overall physiological status and functioning of the brain.
TICLS
Tone: Look for general posture of the child has adopted
Interactive: Is the child responsive and interacting appropriately, unresponsive or lethargic.
Consolable: Irritable, consolable or inconsolable
Look\Gaze: How is the child looking at mother, any vacant gaze
Speech: Is the child able to speak or vocalise as is appropriate for age or is there a paucity\weak\hoarseness of voice.
IDENTIFY = Abnormality in any of these parameters point towards a brain dysfunction
Impaired consciousness is a significant alteration in the awareness of self and environment with varying degree of wakefulness.
Unconsciousness persisting for at lest 1 hr – Coma.
Younger children more likely to have coma or altered sensorium secondary to non-traumatic etiology, where as traumatic brain injury is more common in older children.
Always rule out reversible causes of coma, like hypoglycemia, hyperglycaemia and electrolyte imbalance.
Any severe systemic illness can cause altered consciousness as a result of hypoxic ischemic insult, which if on-going can aggravate raised ICT.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Nitric oxide was known as a toxic gas, as an air pollutant, as an agent causing ozone holes and acid rain till 1987 but this Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical, possesses various modulatory effects on biological systems. NO is synthesized from arginine by the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes.
ROLE IN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ROLE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM
ROLE IN NERVOUS SYSTEM
ROLE IN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
ROLE IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
ROLE IN RENAL SYSTEM
ROLE IN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ROLE IN WOUND HEALING
ROLE IN HAIR GROWTH
Training Of Trainers FAI Eng. Basel Tilapia Welfare.pdfBasel Ahmed
Sexual maturity in ponds is reached at an age of 5-6 months.
Spawning begins when water temperature reaches 24˚c.
The breeding process starts when the male establishes a territory, digs
a craterlike spawning nest and guards his territory called a lek.
Nests are prepared by scooping out depressions at pond bottom.
Mature female visits the pond and there is immediate courtship and mating.
The ripe female spawns in the nest, and immediately after fertilization by the male, collects the eggs into her mouth and moves off.
The female incubates the eggs in her mouth and broods the fry after hatching until the yolk sac is absorbed. (1-2 weeks acc. to water temp.)
The Feed Conversion Ratio is a calculation that tells us how much feed we need to give for the fish to gain 1 kg in weight.
For example, a FCR of 1.5:1 means that the farmer has given 1.5 kg of feed to increase the weight of the fish by 1.0 kg.
FCR = Amount of feed provided (kg) / biomass gained (kg)
Ideal Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) for tilapias in ponds and cages during grow-out stage
The Body Condition Factor is a calculation that tells us if the fish have a normal weight, are underweight or are overweight for their size.
To calculate this, we use the length and weight of the fish.
Body condition factor (k) = 100 x (weight [g] / total length [cm]3)
Ideal Condition Factor (K) for tilapias in ponds and cages during the grow-out stage.
The crude protein is a measure of the % protein contained in the feed.
As a rule of thumb, as tilapia grow, the percentage of crude protein needed for optimal growth decreases.
In this module, we are focusing on the grow-out stage and the ideal amount of protein in ponds and cages.
Ideal crude protein % for tilapias in ponds and cages during the grow-out stage.
Experiment 1 Introduction to In-Vitro pharmacology and physiological salt so...Kanchan Chouksey
In Vitro pharmacology studies the biological effects of a drug in an isolated environment, such as cell lines or tissues.
This setup conveniently eliminates whole organism physiological influences allowing for a detailed analysis a compound’s impact.
Heart is supplied by autonomic nervous system.
Adrenaline acts as agonist.
It acts on β-receptors and increases heart rate and amplitude.
Acetylcholine acts on muscarinic receptors as an agonist and decreases the heart rate and amplitude.
Excess concentration of KCl stops the heart beat during diastolic phase.
Ca2+ excess concentration stops the heart beat during systolic phase.
K+ and Ca2+act on cardiac muscle through non-receptor mechanism of action.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Advance life support refer to a constellation of interventions needed to support the vital physiological process during a critical illness, while we await response with definitive therapy. These life support measures are instituted to prevent cardiac arrest.
To recognise physiological derangements that arise out of multiple etiologies and stabilize them first.
EVALUATE – IDENTIFY – INTERVENE
The steps of evaluation are
1.Initial impression
2. Primary assessment
3. Secondary assessment
4. Diagnostic test
Gives insight to overall physiological status and functioning of the brain.
TICLS
Tone: Look for general posture of the child has adopted
Interactive: Is the child responsive and interacting appropriately, unresponsive or lethargic.
Consolable: Irritable, consolable or inconsolable
Look\Gaze: How is the child looking at mother, any vacant gaze
Speech: Is the child able to speak or vocalise as is appropriate for age or is there a paucity\weak\hoarseness of voice.
IDENTIFY = Abnormality in any of these parameters point towards a brain dysfunction
Impaired consciousness is a significant alteration in the awareness of self and environment with varying degree of wakefulness.
Unconsciousness persisting for at lest 1 hr – Coma.
Younger children more likely to have coma or altered sensorium secondary to non-traumatic etiology, where as traumatic brain injury is more common in older children.
Always rule out reversible causes of coma, like hypoglycemia, hyperglycaemia and electrolyte imbalance.
Any severe systemic illness can cause altered consciousness as a result of hypoxic ischemic insult, which if on-going can aggravate raised ICT.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
4.
Compensatory Mechanism:
Compensatory Mechanism:
Sympatho-Ad
Sympatho-Adreno-Medullary Response
reno-Medullary Response (SAMR)
(SAMR)
Antidiureti
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) release
c Hormone (ADH) release
Renin
Renin Angiotensin
Angiotensin-
- Aldosterone
Aldosterone System
System (RAAS)
(RAAS)
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Stimulation
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) Stimulation
5.
General Signs and Symptoms:
General Signs and Symptoms:
Early Stage:
Early Stage:
SNS activation
SNS activation
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Late Stage:
Late Stage:
hypotension
hypotension
Oliguria to anuria
Oliguria to anuria
Shallow breathing
Shallow breathing
Resp. and Metabolic
Resp. and Metabolic
Acidosis
Acidosis
6.
COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT:
COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT:
Promote fluid balance and cardiac output
Promote fluid balance and cardiac output
Assist with cardiac support
Assist with cardiac support
Assist with Respiratory Support
Assist with Respiratory Support
Assist with Renal Support
Assist with Renal Support
Assist with G.I Support
Assist with G.I Support
Promote Safety
Promote Safety
Administer Medication as ordered
Administer Medication as ordered
11.
Signs and Symptoms:
Signs and Symptoms:
A.
A. Headache
Headache
B.
B. Increased Blood Pressure
Increased Blood Pressure
C.
C.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and Vomiting
D.
D. Dysphagia
Dysphagia
E.
E. Focal and Neurological
Focal and Neurological
deficit
deficit
12.
E. Focal and
E. Focal and
Neurological deficits
Neurological deficits
Hemiparesis and
Hemiparesis and
Hemiplegia
Hemiplegia
Aphasia
Aphasia
Dysarthria
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
Dysphagia
Apraxia
Apraxia
Homonymous
Homonymous
Hemianopia
Hemianopia
Agnosia
Agnosia
Unilateral Neglect
Unilateral Neglect
13.
Risk Factors:
Risk Factors:
1.
1. Smoking
Smoking
2.
2. Sedentary Lifestyle
Sedentary Lifestyle
3.
3. Prolonged Use of Oral
Prolonged Use of Oral
Contraceptives
Contraceptives
4.
4. Obesity
Obesity
5.
5. T
Type A
ype A Per
Person
sonali
ality
ty
15.
Nursing Management:
Nursing Management:
1.
1. Administer O2 if indicated
Administer O2 if indicated
2.
2. Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees angle
Elevate HOB 30-45 degrees angle
3.
3. Avoid V
Avoid Valsalva
alsalva Maneuver
Maneuver
4.
4. Assist NGT
Assist NGT feeding if indicated
feeding if indicated
5.
5. Assist PROM exercises
Assist PROM exercises
6.
6. Prevent Complication of Immobility
Prevent Complication of Immobility
7.
7. Promote Communication
Promote Communication
8.
8. Care of Patient with Hemanopia
Care of Patient with Hemanopia
9.
9. Administer Medications as o
Administer Medications as ordered
rdered
24.
Causes of BURN:
Causes of BURN:
Thermal Burn
Thermal Burn
Chemical Burn
Chemical Burn
Electrical Burn
Electrical Burn
Radiation Burn
Radiation Burn
25.
Depth of Skin Involved
Depth of Skin Involved
First Degree
First Degree
Second Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree
Third Degree
26.
ST
STAGES
AGES of B
of Burn:
urn:
Shock/ Fluid Accumulation/ Emergent Phase
Shock/ Fluid Accumulation/ Emergent Phase
Diuretic/ Fluid Remobilization Phase
Diuretic/ Fluid Remobilization Phase
Recovery Phase
Recovery Phase
27.
First
First Aid I
Aid Intervention
ntervention
1.
1. Immense affected part in cold water
Immense affected part in cold water
2.
2. Drop and Roll
Drop and Roll
3.
3. Throw a blanket over the client
Throw a blanket over the client
4.
4. Encourage Anti-
Encourage Anti-
contracture positioning
contracture positioning
28.
Priority
Priority Action in
Action in case of F
case of Fire:
ire:
R
R em
emov
ove
e th
the cl
e clie
ient
nt
A
A ct
ctiv
ivat
ate
e th
the fir
e fire ala
e alarm
rm
C
C on
onfi
fine
ne th
the f
e fir
ire
e
xt
xtin
ingu
guis
ish
h th
the
e fi
fire
re
29. E
E
T
To u
o use t
se the
he fire
fire exting
extinguisher
uisher,
, do the following:
do the following:
P
P u
ul
ll
l t
th
he p
e pi
in
n
A
A im
im at t
at the b
he base
ase of t
of the
he fla
flame
me
S
S qu
quee
eeze
ze th
the
e ha
hand
ndle
le
weep from side to side
weep from side to side
30. S
S
Collaborative Management:
Collaborative Management:
1.
1. Promote respiratory function
Promote respiratory function
2.
2. Promote fluid-electrolyte and
Promote fluid-electrolyte and acid-base balance
acid-base balance
3.
3. Relieve Pain
Relieve Pain
4.
4. Prevent Infection
Prevent Infection
5.
5. Assist in
Assist in Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy
6.
6. Assist in
Assist in debribement
debribement
7.
7. Assist in
Assist in Skin grafting
Skin grafting
8.
8. Promote G.I support
Promote G.I support
9.
9. Provide Fluid Replacement
Provide Fluid Replacement
10.
10. Assist in
Assist in Rehabili
Rehabilitation Phase
tation Phase
33.
Types of DM:
Types of DM:
1
1.
. I
ID
DD
DM
M 2
2.
. N
NI
ID
DD
DM
M
-juvenile onset/ Non obese
-juvenile onset/ Non obese
-leads to destruction of pancreatic
-leads to destruction of pancreatic
cells le
cells leadin
ading
g to defi
to deficiency of i
ciency of insuli
nsulin
n
production.
production.
-ad
-adult
ult ons
onset/ O
et/ Obes
bese
e
-Lack insulin receptor binding site
-Lack insulin receptor binding site
--
-- asy
asympt
mptoma
omatic
tic
T
TR
RE
EA
AT
TM
ME
EN
NT
T T
TR
RE
EA
AT
TM
ME
EN
NT
T
-Insulin Therapy
-Insulin Therapy
-Exercise after meals
-Exercise after meals
-OHA
-OHA
-
- d
di
ie
et
t
-
- Ex
Exer
erci
cise
se
C
CO
OM
MP
PL
LI
IC
CA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N C
CO
OM
MP
PL
LI
IC
CA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N
34. -
- D
DK
KA
A -
- H
HH
HN
NS
S/
/ H
HO
ON
NK
KC
C
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS
36.
NURSING Management:
NURSING Management:
1.
1. Assist in
Assist in Mechanica
Mechanical V
l Ventilation
entilation
2.
2. Adminis
Administer 0.9% NaCl
ter 0.9% NaCl followed by 0.
followed by 0.45% NaCl
45% NaCl IV fluids
IV fluids
3.
3. Monitor
Monitor VS,
VS, I&O,
I&O, plasma
plasma sugar
sugar levels
levels
4.
4. Adminis
Administer Medications as
ter Medications as ordered (e.i., Insul
ordered (e.i., Insulin therapy)
in therapy)
37.
Types of Insulin
Types of Insulin
T
TY
YP
PE
E C
CO
OL
LO
OR
R/
/
CONSISTEN
CONSISTEN
CY
CY
O
ON
NS
SE
ET
T P
PE
EA
AK
K D
DU
UR
RA
AT
TI
IO
ON
N
1
1.
. R
RA
AP
PI
ID
D
acting
acting
(Regular
(Regular
insulin)
insulin)
C
Cl
le
ea
ar
r 2
2-
-4
4 h
ho
ou
ur
rs
s
2.
2.
INTERMEDIA
INTERMEDIA
TE acting
TE acting
(NPH)
(NPH)
C
Cl
lo
ou
ud
dy
y 8
8-
-1
16
6 h
ho
ou
ur
rs
s
3. LONG
3. LONG
acting
acting
(Ultralente)
(Ultralente)
C
Cl
lo
ou
ud
dy
y 1
16
6-
-2
24
4 h
ho
ou
ur
rs
s
38.
39.
DX and Lab Exam for DM
DX and Lab Exam for DM
a.
a. FBS
FBS
b.
b. OGTT
OGTT
c.
c. RBS
RBS
d.
d. Alpha gly
Alpha glycosylated
cosylated hemoglob
hemoglobin
in
40.
NURSING Management:
NURSING Management:
1.
1. Foot care management
Foot care management
2.
2. Same as
Same as DKA
DKA EXCEPT
EXCEPT
don’t give Na HCO3!
don’t give Na HCO3!
3.
3. Annual eye &
Annual eye &kidney exam
kidney exam
4.
4. Assist su
Assist surgical procedu
rgical procedure
re