The document provides background information on the Salem Witch Trials that took place in 1692 in Massachusetts. It describes how religious attitudes towards magic and witchcraft had changed, leaving many fearful. In Salem in 1692, a group of young girls began having hysterical fits and accused several women of witchcraft. This led to over 200 people being accused and subjected to unfair trials and tests to determine their guilt. Many were hanged or died in prison, demonstrating how fear and lack of scientific understanding led to the scapegoating and deaths of many innocent people during the Salem Witch Trials.
The Salem Witch Trials began in January 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts when Reverend Samuel Paris' daughter and niece began having unexplained illnesses. They accused Tituba, Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good of witchcraft. Tituba confessed while the others denied it. Over 100 people were accused of witchcraft, with 19 being hanged and one pressed to death. Ergot poisoning from contaminated bread or disputes over land and property are believed to have actually caused the strange behavior leading to the accusations. The trials ended in 1692 when ministers began doubting witchcraft and convictions were overturned.
The Salem Witch Trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692-1693. Over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft, 19 of which were hanged. The trials began after Betty Parris and others began having unexplained fits, and accusations spiraled out of control. A combination of religious and political tensions, fears of satanic influence, and rivalry in the community contributed to the outbreak. The trials ended as doubts grew about the convictions and accusations began targeting the elite.
The Salem Witch Trials occurred in Massachusetts between 1692-1693. Over 150 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 19 were hanged. The accusations started when several young girls began having fits that were believed to be caused by witchcraft. This led to a widespread witch hunt where many innocent people, mostly women, were accused and executed by hanging or pressing to death. The trials caused widespread panic and conflict in the community before eventually ending.
The village of Salem, Massachusetts was founded in 1626. In 1692, rumors of witchcraft spread through the Puritan village, causing a hysteria. Three young girls began exhibiting strange behavior such as crawling under furniture and twisting themselves, which doctors could find no physical cause for. This led to accusations of witchcraft against many residents of Salem, resulting in 19 people being hanged for witchcraft. The trials caused widespread panic before eventually losing credibility as prominent town members were accused.
The document summarizes the Salem Witch Trials that took place in 1692 in Massachusetts. Accused witches were often tortured into false confessions and those making accusations had motives to do so. The process involved arrests, examinations under torture, grand jury indictments, trials and punishments like hanging if found guilty. Tituba was influential in accusing others to escape her own hanging. Sarah Good was an accused witch disliked in the community. By 1693 the trials slowed as educated elites worked to end the hysteria and innocent people being killed as realization set in. In total, 19 were executed, 4 died in prison, over 100 were arrested and 2 dogs were also executed.
In 1892, Louise Julia Anna visited two doctors with an inguinal hernia. The doctors discovered that Louise had ambiguous genitals, including a small penis and testicles. Though Louise identified as a woman and was attracted to men, the doctors determined she was biologically male. They believed anatomy defined identity over gender expression or behavior. This case illustrates the complex relationship between sex, gender, and sexuality that was emerging in medical understanding in the 19th century.
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were caused by a combination of factors:
1) A history of witchcraft hysteria in Europe and beliefs from the Bible that witches should be killed.
2) Tensions between religious Puritan communities in Salem Village and Salem Town.
3) Superstitions fueled by the Puritan religion and accusations from young girls that led to mass hysteria.
4) Over 150 people were accused of witchcraft and 20 were executed before the trials ended.
Imagine Life Behind Bars. . .
The anatomy of a prison cell.
Absence of usual privileges.
Going to prison is like going to an alien world.
No refrigerator, kitchen, private bathroom.
The Salem Witch Trials began in January 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts when Reverend Samuel Paris' daughter and niece began having unexplained illnesses. They accused Tituba, Sarah Osborne, and Sarah Good of witchcraft. Tituba confessed while the others denied it. Over 100 people were accused of witchcraft, with 19 being hanged and one pressed to death. Ergot poisoning from contaminated bread or disputes over land and property are believed to have actually caused the strange behavior leading to the accusations. The trials ended in 1692 when ministers began doubting witchcraft and convictions were overturned.
The Salem Witch Trials occurred in colonial Massachusetts between 1692-1693. Over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft, 19 of which were hanged. The trials began after Betty Parris and others began having unexplained fits, and accusations spiraled out of control. A combination of religious and political tensions, fears of satanic influence, and rivalry in the community contributed to the outbreak. The trials ended as doubts grew about the convictions and accusations began targeting the elite.
The Salem Witch Trials occurred in Massachusetts between 1692-1693. Over 150 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 19 were hanged. The accusations started when several young girls began having fits that were believed to be caused by witchcraft. This led to a widespread witch hunt where many innocent people, mostly women, were accused and executed by hanging or pressing to death. The trials caused widespread panic and conflict in the community before eventually ending.
The village of Salem, Massachusetts was founded in 1626. In 1692, rumors of witchcraft spread through the Puritan village, causing a hysteria. Three young girls began exhibiting strange behavior such as crawling under furniture and twisting themselves, which doctors could find no physical cause for. This led to accusations of witchcraft against many residents of Salem, resulting in 19 people being hanged for witchcraft. The trials caused widespread panic before eventually losing credibility as prominent town members were accused.
The document summarizes the Salem Witch Trials that took place in 1692 in Massachusetts. Accused witches were often tortured into false confessions and those making accusations had motives to do so. The process involved arrests, examinations under torture, grand jury indictments, trials and punishments like hanging if found guilty. Tituba was influential in accusing others to escape her own hanging. Sarah Good was an accused witch disliked in the community. By 1693 the trials slowed as educated elites worked to end the hysteria and innocent people being killed as realization set in. In total, 19 were executed, 4 died in prison, over 100 were arrested and 2 dogs were also executed.
In 1892, Louise Julia Anna visited two doctors with an inguinal hernia. The doctors discovered that Louise had ambiguous genitals, including a small penis and testicles. Though Louise identified as a woman and was attracted to men, the doctors determined she was biologically male. They believed anatomy defined identity over gender expression or behavior. This case illustrates the complex relationship between sex, gender, and sexuality that was emerging in medical understanding in the 19th century.
The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 were caused by a combination of factors:
1) A history of witchcraft hysteria in Europe and beliefs from the Bible that witches should be killed.
2) Tensions between religious Puritan communities in Salem Village and Salem Town.
3) Superstitions fueled by the Puritan religion and accusations from young girls that led to mass hysteria.
4) Over 150 people were accused of witchcraft and 20 were executed before the trials ended.
Imagine Life Behind Bars. . .
The anatomy of a prison cell.
Absence of usual privileges.
Going to prison is like going to an alien world.
No refrigerator, kitchen, private bathroom.
One White Middle-Class Woman's Opinion of "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks"Haley Shoemaker
Rebecca Skloot's book "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" tells the story of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent and used to create the first immortal human cell line. Skloot spent over 10 years researching and getting to know Henrietta Lacks' family to tell her story in a compassionate and empathetic way. While the book is not a scholarly historical text due to a lack of citations, it shined a light on important issues of poverty, racism, and medical ethics through Henrietta Lacks' story in a way that was accessible to a wide audience.
This document provides an overview of Amelia Seman's research project on the Missing Persons Task Team in South Africa. It includes an introduction outlining forced disappearances during apartheid and the role of the MPTT. The literature review covers international cases of forced disappearances and how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission addressed disappearances in South Africa. The methodology, limitations, findings including two case studies, and conclusions are also summarized. Key points include how the MPTT helps families find closure by discovering missing loved ones' fates and how this contributes to South Africa's narrative of accountability and reconciliation.
This document discusses myths about male sexual assault victims and provides statistics about the prevalence of male sexual assault. It notes that one in six men experience sexual abuse before age 18. However, male victims disclose abuse far less than females due to stigma and myths. Resources for male victims are underdeveloped and the criminal justice system often fails them. Studies have found that people view male victims, especially homosexual males, as more responsible for their assaults than female victims. The document concludes that while sexual assault occurs more to females, male victimization is more common than recognized and resources need improvement to help all victims.
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1) The three cases discussed involved repeated incidents of sexual abuse. In the first case, rape occurred across multiple generations in the same family. In the second case, the adolescent acted out sexually after being adopted abroad. In the third case, the foster child was raped again by her foster father.
2) False memory syndrome was observed, as the subjects reported details of their abuse differently depending on who they spoke to. This suggests the memories may have been contaminated over time.
3) The repeated nature of the abuse and evidence of false memory syndrome indicate the psychological impact of early life trauma was not adequately addressed, leaving the subjects vulnerable to revictimization. Proper treatment is needed to prevent abuse incidents from being unconsciously
The Salem Witch Trials began in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts when two young girls, Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Parris, began having fits and convulsions after being entertained by stories from Barbados by Tituba, the Parris family slave. Their strange behavior led the community to accuse Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne of witchcraft. When brought to trial, Tituba confessed and accused others of witchcraft, sparking hysteria in Salem. By the end of the trials in 1692, 150 people had been imprisoned and 24 had been killed as a result of being convicted as witches.
This document discusses gender, sexuality, and their relationship to domestic violence and rape. It argues that these acts are often used to assert dominance and control over women and minority groups. Societal constructions of masculinity teach men to maintain power, and some believe they have a right to sex or violence. However, the document suggests gender and sexuality are social constructs that could potentially be abolished. This may decrease violence by creating a more equal society where people are not divided or treated as property based on these attributes. The document advocates rethinking social order to establish full equality and end the roots of violence.
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In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Rebecca Skloot's book "The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks" tells the story of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman whose cancer cells were taken without her consent and used to create the first immortal human cell line. Skloot spent over 10 years researching and getting to know Henrietta Lacks' family to tell her story in a compassionate and empathetic way. While the book is not a scholarly historical text due to a lack of citations, it shined a light on important issues of poverty, racism, and medical ethics through Henrietta Lacks' story in a way that was accessible to a wide audience.
This document provides an overview of Amelia Seman's research project on the Missing Persons Task Team in South Africa. It includes an introduction outlining forced disappearances during apartheid and the role of the MPTT. The literature review covers international cases of forced disappearances and how the Truth and Reconciliation Commission addressed disappearances in South Africa. The methodology, limitations, findings including two case studies, and conclusions are also summarized. Key points include how the MPTT helps families find closure by discovering missing loved ones' fates and how this contributes to South Africa's narrative of accountability and reconciliation.
This document discusses myths about male sexual assault victims and provides statistics about the prevalence of male sexual assault. It notes that one in six men experience sexual abuse before age 18. However, male victims disclose abuse far less than females due to stigma and myths. Resources for male victims are underdeveloped and the criminal justice system often fails them. Studies have found that people view male victims, especially homosexual males, as more responsible for their assaults than female victims. The document concludes that while sexual assault occurs more to females, male victimization is more common than recognized and resources need improvement to help all victims.
Sexual abuse in Female Adolescents Filipino experience finalMilen Ramos
1) The three cases discussed involved repeated incidents of sexual abuse. In the first case, rape occurred across multiple generations in the same family. In the second case, the adolescent acted out sexually after being adopted abroad. In the third case, the foster child was raped again by her foster father.
2) False memory syndrome was observed, as the subjects reported details of their abuse differently depending on who they spoke to. This suggests the memories may have been contaminated over time.
3) The repeated nature of the abuse and evidence of false memory syndrome indicate the psychological impact of early life trauma was not adequately addressed, leaving the subjects vulnerable to revictimization. Proper treatment is needed to prevent abuse incidents from being unconsciously
The Salem Witch Trials began in 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts when two young girls, Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Parris, began having fits and convulsions after being entertained by stories from Barbados by Tituba, the Parris family slave. Their strange behavior led the community to accuse Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne of witchcraft. When brought to trial, Tituba confessed and accused others of witchcraft, sparking hysteria in Salem. By the end of the trials in 1692, 150 people had been imprisoned and 24 had been killed as a result of being convicted as witches.
This document discusses gender, sexuality, and their relationship to domestic violence and rape. It argues that these acts are often used to assert dominance and control over women and minority groups. Societal constructions of masculinity teach men to maintain power, and some believe they have a right to sex or violence. However, the document suggests gender and sexuality are social constructs that could potentially be abolished. This may decrease violence by creating a more equal society where people are not divided or treated as property based on these attributes. The document advocates rethinking social order to establish full equality and end the roots of violence.
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In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
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In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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3. Thesis Statement
Although the Salem Witch Trials took
place in 1692, it is still a testament to
how scapegoating and groupthink are
used to perpetuate oppression in our
society.
4. Setting the Scene of Salem 1692
• The changing of attitudes towards magic,
witchcraft in particular, results after the
rapid religious transformation
• The middle ages was plagued with diseases
(the Black Death), and many Christians
believed this was due to magic or poisoning
(Zabel).
• Driven by fear, witches were taken to “trial”
and eventually killed. It is estimated that
40,000 to 50,000 people were killed in the
trials.
• It is also estimated that, “prior to the mid-
1970s, when detailed research into trial
records began, “were almost 100% pure
speculation” (Zabel).
5. • In the Spring of 1692, “a group of young
girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts,
claimed to be possessed by the devil and
accused several local women of
witchcraft”(History.com).
• People claimed to be overtaken by
hysterical episodes
• The hysterical episodes increased, and
people started pointing the finger at
different women in town
• This drawing is titled “The Afflicted Girls
of Salem”. It is depicting one of the
hysterical episodesà
What started the Salem
Witch Trials?
6. What started the Salem Witch Trials?
• The young girls (Abigail and Betty) were
seen by a local doctor by the name of
William Griggs who couldn’t find
anything physically wrong with the girls.
• He then diagnosed the girls with
“bewitchment” (history.com)
• There were many more misdiagnoses of
“bewitchment”, as women experienced
the same symptoms around the
community.
• It is important to understand that
doctors at this time didn’t have the same
medical training as doctors today.
7. What started the Salem Witch Trials?
• Other girls started to have hysterical episodes, as news of Abigail
and Betty spread. The community members needed an answer for
why this was happening.
• The other afflicted girls pointed the finger at three women: Sarah
Good, Sarah Osbourne, and Tituba
• It was the outsiders of the community who were first accused of
witchcraft
8. Who Were These Outsiders?
• Sarah Good: a “poor” young pregnant mother of a young daughter.
She would later die in prison, maintaining her innocence.
• Sarah Osbourne: a young woman who had been absent from the
church and was suing one of the girl’s family that accused her. She
would later be hanged after the husband turned on her in court,
accusing her of witchcraft.
• Tituba: an enslaved woman who lived in Betty Parris’s home.
Tituba denied practicing any kind of magic; but then admitted to
practicing witchcraft blaming Good and Osbourne for forcing her.
10. Why Did Tituba Lie?
• It is important to note that Tituba not only lied and
confessed to something she didn’t do; but she also
made a false confession to save herself.
• The justice system valued repentance over truth.
• This idea is very similar to Christian beliefs, wanting
Christ followers to repent for their sins.
• One authority reported to a woman, “she would be
hanged if she did not confess, and freed if she did”
(Pavlac).
11. Why Did People Believe Magic was real?
• Unlike in today’s culture, citizens had no access
to information to check the credibility of the
authorities, doctors and accusers.
• People didn’t understand science and wanted a
deeper explanation for the plagues that were
taking over.
• There are many different hypotheses as to why
people were so quick to believe that the reason
why they acted hysteric was because of being
possessed.
12. Possible Reasons for Belief in Bewitchment
Possible reasons for Belief (history.com):
1. Lack of scientific understanding
2. Paranoia because of epidemic, and neighboring Native American Tribes.
3. Physical illness that would lead to what seemed like “possession”
13. Paranoia
1. Epidemic: This is something that we are familiar with in our world today with
COVID-19; however, at the time medicine hadn’t been credited or reliable to
cure most illnesses. A smallpox epidemic created panic for settlers because
they didn’t understand the scientific knowledge. Increasing overall paranoia
for those who remained untouched by the disease.
2. Neighboring Native American Tribes: The relationship between the colonies
and the Native American Tribes was strained to say the least. The Native
American’s had different beliefs and practices that made the colonist
uncomfortable. This lack of understanding of cultural differences created a lot
of tension.
14. Physical Illness- Not only were young girls showing physical symptoms of
this “bewitchment”, but the doctors who are supposed to
be trusted fed into this idea.
- How can you argue with someone who claims they felt
specific symptoms?
- These are also young girls who could be influenced into
saying anything by trusted adults and doctors
- The convictions were based on the circumstantial biased
evidence given by young girls.
15. Lack of Scientific Understanding
• Most people at this time were illiterate, especially
women
• This placed a lot of power into the leader's hands to
decide what is true
• Science was so underdeveloped that magic stood in
its place in many cases.
• The lack of accessibility to information allowed for
so many people to get on board with the witch
trials.
• Why would the people doubt what the government
is saying if it isn’t against them?
16. How did your topic fit into the daily life of
America in the era that you are covering?
This topic fits into the daily lives of
Americans because it controlled many of the
actions of the people of this time. Americans
were acting out of fear of being bewitched
or being accused of being a witch. This
didn’t just affect women, but men were also
accused of using dark magic.
Citizens constantly had to be on guard for
bewitchment happening to them, or for
accusations.
17. So What Happened to the “Witches”?
• In the previous slides, three women were mentioned as being
accused of witchcraft. This was only the beginning of the
accusations.
• More than 200 people were accused of witchcraft either by young
girls or other convicted witches that wanted to save themselves.
• Following the teachings of the church, the authorities wanted
accused witches to simply confess and ask for forgiveness.
• The authorities didn’t want to dive deep into investigating each
“witch”.
18. What Options did the “Witches” Have?
1. The accused could confess and ask for forgiveness
This was the best option because the authorities proved they
weren’t looking for justice, just repentance. They would walk free,
even if they had to ruin their reputation, which really wouldn’t
matter if they were dead.
The accused witches would also be asked to place the blame on
other people within the community. Most of the original people
accused were considered outsiders, and they didn’t fit into the
community anyways. This made it easier to out other community
members
19. What Options did the “Witches” Have?
2. The witch could maintain their innocence
The evidence that was being considered in the case didn’t have any
facts behind it. At first the court would simply take the word of the
young girls. Later they began implementing many different tests
that don’t relate to witchcraft. To make the cases even more
biased, the jury members would be compiled of family members of
the accused.
If a jury member spoke out, they would then come under suspension
like Judge Nathanial Saltonstall. Saltonstall “hunted for the truth,
not witches”, which brought attention to himself and his family.
20. Examples of the Tests Administered
Similar to the majority of this time period, these tests were without
fact, and carried little meaning; however, they were considered
law. If the accused passed the test, there was no way they could
have been a witch. If they didn’t, they would be condemned to
death.
There were many different tests; here are three tests that were the
most interesting:
1. Swimming Test
2. Prayer Test
3. Witches Cake Test
21. Swimming Test
• It was believed that Witches rejected
water and would float or come
completely out of the water
• The accused would be stripped of their
clothing and a weight would be tied to
their waste.
• So if a person sank in the water, they
weren’t considered a witch
• They weren’t a witch, but often
accidental drownings would take place
22. Prayer Test
• Medieval wisdom believed that witches wouldn’t
be able to speak or memorize scriptures
• Usually the accused would be asked to recite the
Lord’s Prayer
• This seems like a simple task, but if the accused
messed up one word or paused, this would be
seen as an error
• Also most people at this time were illiterate
making this task impossible for anyone
23. Witch Cake Test
• This test included the making of a supernatural
dessert that would identify the “witches”
• When someone was being possessed/bewitched,
they would take a urine sample from the victim,
and mix it with rye-meal and ashes and bake it
into a cake (Andrews)
• This cake was then given to a dog (supposed to
be animal helpers of the witches) who would
then fall under its spell and reveal the name of
the guilty witch
24. What was it about your topic that was unique to
America and to our study of American history prior
to 1865?
The Salem Witch Trials are unique to our study of American history
because they represent what can happen when there are no political
institutions in place to protect the rights of individuals in a court of law.
Early Americans, especially the founders, knew that these rights would
have to be protected if there was to be justice in the nation they would
create.
Unfortunately, these rights were not extended to all Americans (blacks
and women) until much later in American History. The Salem Witch Trials
represent how desperately we need order and justice for all people.
25. How would you have felt about your topic if you
had been living during the era you are covering?
• If I were a woman in this society, I want to say that I would have recognized
the insanity in the injustices that were taking place; but truthfully, I may
not have been equipped to recognize this, especially if I wasn’t accused of
witchcraft.
• There are many factors that play into why this happened, and many are due
to the lack of informed citizens. Most people had zero education, and no
ability to think for themselves.
• These factors created a perfect environment for scapegoating and group
thinking/mob mentality orchestrated by people with power.
26. Cultural Connections to Today
I have talked a lot about how the Salem
Witch Trials have affected people in the
past, but we haven’t talked about how
this manipulation and scapegoating is
like today’s society:
1. Scapegoating allows people to shift
blame towards others with less
power creating injustices
2. Manipulation of power creates a
groupthink environment where
citizens can’t think individually.
27. Evidence of Scapegoating
Recent Examples
- One example is how our President is
blaming the country of China for COVID-
19
- Although the virus originated in China,
there is some blame to take as well
- “Trump has repeatedly claimed that the
deaths of more than 100,000 Americans
to COVID-19 were somebody else’s fault”
(Garrett).
Salem Witch Trials
- The doctors didn’t have an actual
physical diagnoses for the girls, so
they were “bewitched”
- The authorities took this diagnosis
and needed to hold someone
responsible
- They didn’t care who was guilty,
they only wanted repentance
- They gained popular support by
turning people against one another
to save themselves
28. Evidence of Groupthink
Recent Examples
- During the cold war, America created a
common enemy: communism.
- Accusations of being a communist were
damaging and required little or no
evidence
- People were swept up in the hysteria
fueled by fear from the anti-communist
propaganda developed by our
government
Salem Witch Trials
- In the actual trials that took place,
there were family members
testifying against their own wives,
or daughters.
- Based on what the community was
saying about the woman, the
family member would adapt their
opinions on their loved one
- This wasn’t just a small fine they
would pay, their loved ones
condemned them to death
30. Examples of Group Think: Red Nightmare
This is an example of group
think opinions put together
by our government to scare
Americans away from
Communism. The whole
video is 30 minutes long
but here is a short clip
31. How has your topic changed over the years
(describe its’ role in society today).
• As citizens became more educated, they were able to realize how
horrible the Salem Witch Trials treated people and violated their
rights.
• There was also a need to establish rights that couldn’t be taken
away under the law. Law and order must be established to prevent
situations like the Salem Witch Trials.
• Today an individual's rights must be protected in a court of law.
We still haven’t always perfected the protection of every
individual’s rights; but it is a massive improvement from 1962 to
now.
32. Are Witches Still Relevant Today?
• Looking back at the thesis: this presentation is arguing that the Salem
Witch Trials is one example of how scapegoating and groupthink exists
in our nation's history.
• The idea of witches may not be as relevant today; however, the
attitudes that surrounded the term “witch” has taken on many
different roles.
• For example: Our president believes that the COVID-19 is caused my
people from China, they have taken on the role of the “witch”
33. What new information did you learn about
your topic that you didn’t already know?
Prior to this project, I really didn’t know anything about the Salem
Witch trials. I had previously watched the movie Hocus Pocus, that
has Witches being hanged in the opening scene; however, I really
didn’t understand the relevance to U.S history. I didn’t understand
the ridiculousness of the accusations that were being made, and
how they still were justified. This project opened my eyes to the
reality of how the Salem Witch Trials stemmed from ignored
injustices.
34. Conclusion
This topic shines a light on how important individualized freedom is
under the law. Many of these people wouldn’t have been tried or
hanged if they had proper rights upheld by the government. It is
also showing how strong government power can be if not checked
and balanced by the citizens. The different factors at play here are
Scapegoating, and Groupthink organized by those who are in power.
It is important to recognize the extreme situation from hundreds of
years ago, and also consider how this still exists today.
35. Works Cited
Garrett, Laurie. “Trump Scapegoats China and WHO-and Americans Will Suffer.” Foreign Policy, 30 May 2020, foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/30/trump-
scapegoats-china-and-who-and-americans-will-suffer/.
History.com Editors. “Salem Witch Trials.” History.com, A&E Television
Networks, 4 Nov. 2011, www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials.
History.com Editors. “Red Scare.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 1 June 2010, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/red-scare.
“Medieval European Magic.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Sept. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_European_magic.
Pavlac, Brian A., director. What Really Happened during the Salem Witch Trials. Youtube, TedEd, 4 May 2020,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVd8kuufBhM&t=205s.
Vennochi, Joan. “A Judge Who Hunted for Truth, Not Witches - The Boston Globe.” BostonGlobe.com, The Boston Globe, 2 Oct. 2019,
www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2019/10/02/judge-who-hunted-for-truth-not-witches/fKKTbUa7DULdWgbxBzl88K/story.html.
Wallenfeldt, Jeff. “The Trials.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 24 Apr. 2020, www.britannica.com/event/Salem-witch-
trials/The-trials.
Zabel, Gary. “Case Study: The European Witch-Hunts, c. 1450-1750 and Witch-Hunts Today.” Gendercide.com,
www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Phil%20281b/Philosophy%20of%20Magic/Arcana/Witchcraft%20and%20Grimoires/case_witchhunts.html.