This document provides definitions for abbreviations and acronyms from A to F. It includes common abbreviations like AD for Anno Domini as well as organizations like FIFA for Federation Internationale de Football Association. The document is intended to serve as a reference for understanding abbreviations.
The document provides guidance on the correct use of articles (a, an, the) in English sentences. It explains:
1) A or an can only be used with singular count nouns to mean one, and can introduce a subject not previously mentioned.
2) The choice between a and an is based on sound, with an used before words starting with a vowel sound and a used before words starting with a consonant sound.
3) The is used with both singular and plural nouns when the item is specific or has already been mentioned.
1. Bengali is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with over 200 million native speakers.
2. The first works written on Bengali grammar and vocabulary were produced in the 18th century by European missionaries and colonial administrators seeking to understand the language.
3. Significant early works included the first Bengali dictionary published in 1778 and the first Bengali grammar published in English in 1826. The first grammar published in Bengali appeared in 1833.
বাংলা কৌতুকের গিগা কালেকশন(নিজে হাসুন অন্যকেও হাসান........হাসতেই থাকুন হাসতেই থাকুন )
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প্রযুক্তির ছোঁয়া জনজীবনকে দিয়েছে আকাশচুম্বি সফলতা, তারই ধারাবাহিকতার জের ধরে আজ জনজীবন হতে চলেছে যান্ত্রিক, প্রানহীন। যান্ত্রিকতার বেড়ানালে চাপা পড়ে ধীরে-ধীরে মানুষের মধ্যে মানষিক অশান্তি বাড়ছে দিনকে-দিন। আর এই মানষিক অশান্তির একমাত্র ঔষধ একচামচ হাসি :D। হাসির নামক এই ঔষদের ক্ষমতা খুব বেশি। শুধুমাত্র হাসি আপনাকে দিতে পারে দুঃখ ও হতাশা থেকে মুক্তি । আমরা একটু হাসি-খুশী, দুশ্চিন্তামুক্ত ও উচ্ছ্বসিত থাকলে অনেক রোগ থেকেই মুক্তি পাওয়া সম্ভব। হাসির রয়েছে হরেক রকমের শারীরিক, মানসিক ও সামাজিক উপকারিতা । বিনা খরচে চেহারা পরির্বতন করার ও সুস্থ থাকার একমাত্র উপায় হলো হাসি .......... তাই জীবনকে ঝরঝরে রাখতে প্রতিদিন এই ঔষধ পান করুন। কি পার্শ্বপ্রতিক্রিয়ার কথা ভাবছেন? ভয় নেই, সম্পূর্ন পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ামুক্ত এ ঔষধ বিনামূল্যে সর্বত্রই পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। বিনা পয়সার জিনিস বলে ভাবছেন? ভয় করবেন না, শুধু একবার মনে করতে চেষ্টা করূন- আমরা বাঙ্গালি জাতী, আর এ জাতীর গৌরব আছে এ ব্যাপারে। বাঙ্গালি বিনাপয়সায় পেলে আলকাতরাও খেতে রাজী।
কিন্তু চাইলেই তো আর হাসা যায় না এর জন্য দরকার হাসির উপকরণ। আর সেই উপকরণ আমি আজ আপনাদের জন্য নিয়ে এসেছি।
This document provides examples of phrasal verbs in English organized by their meaning. Some examples of phrasal verbs given are:
1. Bear out, bear with, bear up - relate to sustaining or supporting something.
2. Break away, break down, break in - relate to forcing entry or separation.
3. Call at, call for, call in - relate to visiting or demanding someone or something.
4. Fall in with, fall off, fall on - relate to encountering, reducing, or attacking something.
বাংলা কৌতুকের গিগা কালেকশন(নিজে হাসুন অন্যকেও হাসান........হাসতেই থাকুন হাসতেই থাকুন )
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প্রযুক্তির ছোঁয়া জনজীবনকে দিয়েছে আকাশচুম্বি সফলতা, তারই ধারাবাহিকতার জের ধরে আজ জনজীবন হতে চলেছে যান্ত্রিক, প্রানহীন। যান্ত্রিকতার বেড়ানালে চাপা পড়ে ধীরে-ধীরে মানুষের মধ্যে মানষিক অশান্তি বাড়ছে দিনকে-দিন। আর এই মানষিক অশান্তির একমাত্র ঔষধ একচামচ হাসি :D। হাসির নামক এই ঔষদের ক্ষমতা খুব বেশি। শুধুমাত্র হাসি আপনাকে দিতে পারে দুঃখ ও হতাশা থেকে মুক্তি । আমরা একটু হাসি-খুশী, দুশ্চিন্তামুক্ত ও উচ্ছ্বসিত থাকলে অনেক রোগ থেকেই মুক্তি পাওয়া সম্ভব। হাসির রয়েছে হরেক রকমের শারীরিক, মানসিক ও সামাজিক উপকারিতা । বিনা খরচে চেহারা পরির্বতন করার ও সুস্থ থাকার একমাত্র উপায় হলো হাসি .......... তাই জীবনকে ঝরঝরে রাখতে প্রতিদিন এই ঔষধ পান করুন। কি পার্শ্বপ্রতিক্রিয়ার কথা ভাবছেন? ভয় নেই, সম্পূর্ন পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ামুক্ত এ ঔষধ বিনামূল্যে সর্বত্রই পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। বিনা পয়সার জিনিস বলে ভাবছেন? ভয় করবেন না, শুধু একবার মনে করতে চেষ্টা করূন- আমরা বাঙ্গালি জাতী, আর এ জাতীর গৌরব আছে এ ব্যাপারে। বাঙ্গালি বিনাপয়সায় পেলে আলকাতরাও খেতে রাজী।
কিন্তু চাইলেই তো আর হাসা যায় না এর জন্য দরকার হাসির উপকরণ। আর সেই উপকরণ আমি আজ আপনাদের জন্য নিয়ে এসেছি।
The document provides guidance on the correct use of articles (a, an, the) in English sentences. It explains:
1) A or an can only be used with singular count nouns to mean one, and can introduce a subject not previously mentioned.
2) The choice between a and an is based on sound, with an used before words starting with a vowel sound and a used before words starting with a consonant sound.
3) The is used with both singular and plural nouns when the item is specific or has already been mentioned.
1. Bengali is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, with over 200 million native speakers.
2. The first works written on Bengali grammar and vocabulary were produced in the 18th century by European missionaries and colonial administrators seeking to understand the language.
3. Significant early works included the first Bengali dictionary published in 1778 and the first Bengali grammar published in English in 1826. The first grammar published in Bengali appeared in 1833.
বাংলা কৌতুকের গিগা কালেকশন(নিজে হাসুন অন্যকেও হাসান........হাসতেই থাকুন হাসতেই থাকুন )
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প্রযুক্তির ছোঁয়া জনজীবনকে দিয়েছে আকাশচুম্বি সফলতা, তারই ধারাবাহিকতার জের ধরে আজ জনজীবন হতে চলেছে যান্ত্রিক, প্রানহীন। যান্ত্রিকতার বেড়ানালে চাপা পড়ে ধীরে-ধীরে মানুষের মধ্যে মানষিক অশান্তি বাড়ছে দিনকে-দিন। আর এই মানষিক অশান্তির একমাত্র ঔষধ একচামচ হাসি :D। হাসির নামক এই ঔষদের ক্ষমতা খুব বেশি। শুধুমাত্র হাসি আপনাকে দিতে পারে দুঃখ ও হতাশা থেকে মুক্তি । আমরা একটু হাসি-খুশী, দুশ্চিন্তামুক্ত ও উচ্ছ্বসিত থাকলে অনেক রোগ থেকেই মুক্তি পাওয়া সম্ভব। হাসির রয়েছে হরেক রকমের শারীরিক, মানসিক ও সামাজিক উপকারিতা । বিনা খরচে চেহারা পরির্বতন করার ও সুস্থ থাকার একমাত্র উপায় হলো হাসি .......... তাই জীবনকে ঝরঝরে রাখতে প্রতিদিন এই ঔষধ পান করুন। কি পার্শ্বপ্রতিক্রিয়ার কথা ভাবছেন? ভয় নেই, সম্পূর্ন পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ামুক্ত এ ঔষধ বিনামূল্যে সর্বত্রই পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। বিনা পয়সার জিনিস বলে ভাবছেন? ভয় করবেন না, শুধু একবার মনে করতে চেষ্টা করূন- আমরা বাঙ্গালি জাতী, আর এ জাতীর গৌরব আছে এ ব্যাপারে। বাঙ্গালি বিনাপয়সায় পেলে আলকাতরাও খেতে রাজী।
কিন্তু চাইলেই তো আর হাসা যায় না এর জন্য দরকার হাসির উপকরণ। আর সেই উপকরণ আমি আজ আপনাদের জন্য নিয়ে এসেছি।
This document provides examples of phrasal verbs in English organized by their meaning. Some examples of phrasal verbs given are:
1. Bear out, bear with, bear up - relate to sustaining or supporting something.
2. Break away, break down, break in - relate to forcing entry or separation.
3. Call at, call for, call in - relate to visiting or demanding someone or something.
4. Fall in with, fall off, fall on - relate to encountering, reducing, or attacking something.
বাংলা কৌতুকের গিগা কালেকশন(নিজে হাসুন অন্যকেও হাসান........হাসতেই থাকুন হাসতেই থাকুন )
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প্রযুক্তির ছোঁয়া জনজীবনকে দিয়েছে আকাশচুম্বি সফলতা, তারই ধারাবাহিকতার জের ধরে আজ জনজীবন হতে চলেছে যান্ত্রিক, প্রানহীন। যান্ত্রিকতার বেড়ানালে চাপা পড়ে ধীরে-ধীরে মানুষের মধ্যে মানষিক অশান্তি বাড়ছে দিনকে-দিন। আর এই মানষিক অশান্তির একমাত্র ঔষধ একচামচ হাসি :D। হাসির নামক এই ঔষদের ক্ষমতা খুব বেশি। শুধুমাত্র হাসি আপনাকে দিতে পারে দুঃখ ও হতাশা থেকে মুক্তি । আমরা একটু হাসি-খুশী, দুশ্চিন্তামুক্ত ও উচ্ছ্বসিত থাকলে অনেক রোগ থেকেই মুক্তি পাওয়া সম্ভব। হাসির রয়েছে হরেক রকমের শারীরিক, মানসিক ও সামাজিক উপকারিতা । বিনা খরচে চেহারা পরির্বতন করার ও সুস্থ থাকার একমাত্র উপায় হলো হাসি .......... তাই জীবনকে ঝরঝরে রাখতে প্রতিদিন এই ঔষধ পান করুন। কি পার্শ্বপ্রতিক্রিয়ার কথা ভাবছেন? ভয় নেই, সম্পূর্ন পার্শ্ব-প্রতিক্রিয়ামুক্ত এ ঔষধ বিনামূল্যে সর্বত্রই পাওয়া যাচ্ছে। বিনা পয়সার জিনিস বলে ভাবছেন? ভয় করবেন না, শুধু একবার মনে করতে চেষ্টা করূন- আমরা বাঙ্গালি জাতী, আর এ জাতীর গৌরব আছে এ ব্যাপারে। বাঙ্গালি বিনাপয়সায় পেলে আলকাতরাও খেতে রাজী।
কিন্তু চাইলেই তো আর হাসা যায় না এর জন্য দরকার হাসির উপকরণ। আর সেই উপকরণ আমি আজ আপনাদের জন্য নিয়ে এসেছি।
এই ই-বুকে সাম্প্রতিক সময়ের ১০০ ব্যাংক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষার ইংরেজি অংশের ২০০০+ ভোকাবুলারির বাংলা অর্থ ও এর ৪ টি সমার্থক শব্দ দেওয়া আছে ……এখানে ওয়ার্ড সমূহ ইংরেজি বর্ণ ক্রম অনুযায়ী দেওয়া আছে … ফলে কিছু ওয়ার্ড একাধিক বার করে রিপিট আছে, যে ওয়ার্ড যত বেশি রিপিট হয়েছে বুঝতে হবে সেটা ততবার ব্যাংক পরীক্ষায় এসেছে … তার মানে সেটা তত বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ …
This document provides Bengali meanings and English equivalents for several common idioms and phrases. Some key idioms translated include: "cry over spilt milk" meaning to lament something that cannot be changed; "dead language" referring to a language no longer spoken; and "carry coal to Newcastle" denoting doing something where it is already abundant.
1) The document provides instructions on proper punctuation usage in Bangla, including periods, commas, question marks, quotation marks, apostrophes, and capitalization rules.
2) Examples are given for how to punctuate different types of sentences such as questions, quotations, requests, and sentences joined by conjunctions.
3) Proper noun capitalization, possessive forms, and addressing are also covered.
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar including the present indefinite tense, present continuous tense, and present perfect tense. It provides examples and explanations of when each tense is used. The key points covered are:
1. The present indefinite tense is used to describe present habitual or general truths, while the present continuous tense describes ongoing actions.
2. The present perfect tense is used for actions that began in the past and continue in the present, or actions that happened before now.
3. Examples and structures are given for each tense along with notes on their usage.
Most motivational bangla quotes of all time
বাণী পৃথিবী সৃষ্টির পর থেকেই উচ্চারিত হয়ে আসছে। প্রত্যেক বিখ্যাত বা সফল ব্যক্তি নিজের অতিবাহিত জীবনের ব্যক্তিগত অভিজ্ঞতা থেকে কিছু না কিছু শিক্ষা গ্রহণ করে ... সেই শিক্ষার সারমর্ম তথা এককথায় প্রকাশ হল বাণী যা উপদেশ রূপে অন্যকে শেয়ার করে। যাতে সে ভুল না করে তার কাঙ্খিত লক্ষ্যে পৌঁছাতে পারে ...
আমাদের জীবন একটাই ও এই জীবনের সময় খুব সংক্ষিপ্ত তাই সফল হবার জন্য কোন পথ ভালো ও কোন পথ খারপ তা বুঝার জন্য লাইফে এক্সপিরিমেন্ট করার সময় আমদের হাতে নেই কাজেই সফল হবার জন্য আমাদের ইতিহাসের সফল ও বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিদের দিকনির্দেশনা ও উপদেশ (উক্তি বা বাণী ) ফলো করতে হবে
বিশিষ্ট লেখকদের গ্রন্থ পড়লে জ্ঞানের পরিধি বৃদ্ধি করা যায়। শিক্ষার কোন শেষ নেই। কিন্তু আমাদের জ্ঞানের গভীরতা এতই কম যে, আমরা বেশি বই পড়তে পারি না। হয়তো সময়ও সকলের হয়ে উঠে না।জীবনী, কবিতা, গল্প কিংবা উপন্যাসে কবি সাহিত্যিকেরা বিভিন্ন কাহিনী বা চরিত্রের মাধ্যমে প্রত্যক্ষ বা পরোক্ষভাবে তাঁদের নিজস্ব কিছু মতামত বা অভিব্যক্তি প্রকাশ করে থাকেন। সমস্ত জীবনের সঞ্চিত অভিজ্ঞতার আলোকে সৃষ্ট সেইসব অভিব্যক্তি থেকে আমরা কিছু না কিছু শিখতে পারি। কিন্তু বাণী চিরন্তনী বইটি পড়লে একাধিক বইয়ের মূল বক্তব্য পেয়ে যাবেন। স্মরণীয় বাণীগুলো মনের মধ্যে গেঁথে রাখলে অনেক সহজ হবে আপনাদের চলার পথ। মানুষেকে বোঝানোর জন্যেই বিশ্বের বড় বড় মনীষীরা নানাভঅবে বক্তব্য উপস্থাপন করেছেন। সেই সব গুরুত্বপূর্ন বক্তব্য গুলোকে সংক্ষিপ্ত করে বাণী বা উক্তি আকারে সংকলিত হয়েছে। আর এই বিশ্বের শ্রেষ্ঠ মনীষীদের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বানী বা উক্তি গুলোকে সংগ্রহীত করে আপনাদের জন্য ই-বুক আকারে শেয়ার করলাম আশা করি এই ই-বুক আপনাদের জীবনকে অনেক সহজ করে দিবে ফলে আপনি খুব দ্রুত সাফল্যের চূড়ায় পৌ
গুণীজন অর্থাৎ বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিগণ অনেক অনেক মজার লেখা লিখে গেছেন অথবা এমন মজার কান্ড করে গেছেন যা সত্যি হাস্যরসাত্মক এবং একই সাথে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ আমাদের জন্য ।
বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিরা তাদের জীবনের সময়গুলো ব্যবহার করেছেন মানব জাতির কল্যানে। সৃষ্টির জন্য ক্লান্তহীন পরিশ্রম করে। এই পরিসরে তাদের আছে অনেক মজার ঘটনা। আমরা তাদের সফলতাগুলো জানলেও মজার ঘটনা খুবই কম জানি। তাই বাছাই করে চমৎকার সব মজার ঘটনার সংগ্রহশালা তৈরী করেছি আপনাদের জন্য। আশা করি ভালো লাগবে।
There ✛ is /are ➟ আছে, থাকে ✐ There is no water in the jug. জগে কোন পানি নেই।
There ✛ was /were ➟ ছিল ✐ There was no mistake in this letter. এই চিঠিতে কোন ভুল ছিল না।
There ✛ will be ➟ হবে/ থাকবে ✐ There will be a meeting here. এখানে একটি সভা হবে।
There ✛ have been/has been ➟ হয়েছে ✐ There has been a mosque beside the school campus. বিদ্যালয়ে একটি মসজিদ হয়েছে।
There ✛ had been ➟ হয়েছিল ✐ There had been no problem in that planning. সে পরিকল্পনা কোন ভুল হয়নি।
1. The document discusses the different parts of speech and provides rules for identifying nouns, pronouns, and their usage.
2. Nouns are identified based on their use as subjects or objects of verbs, after prepositions, and with articles. Pronouns are used instead of nouns and have different forms based on their function in a sentence.
3. Various suffixes can be added to verbs, adjectives, and other parts of speech to form nouns. Following the given rules helps to correctly identify and use nouns and pronouns.
1. The document discusses comparisons in grammar and the different forms of comparisons - positive, comparative, and superlative degrees.
2. It provides examples of adjectives and adverbs in the three degrees of comparison and rules for forming comparisons.
3. The rest of the document provides more detailed rules and exceptions for using comparative and superlative forms with different words, phrases, and in different contexts.
This document contains a series of English grammar questions and answers. It provides instructions on how to automatically scroll text on an e-book or PDF reader. It then lists 76 multiple choice questions testing various aspects of English grammar, such as parts of speech, pronoun usage, verb tenses and more. The questions are in Bengali with English answer options.
THE GREAT GREEN WALL initiative of Ethiopia.pdfAbrahamLALEMU
This document presents Ethiopia's national strategy and action plan for implementing the Great Green Wall Initiative in Ethiopia. The strategy was developed with support from FAO and the African Union Commission. It outlines six strategic pillars for the initiative: 1) sustainable management of natural resources, 2) development of basic socio-economic infrastructure, 3) development of income generating activities, 4) promotion of good local governance, 5) capacity building of stakeholders, and 6) research and knowledge management. These pillars will be implemented through four programs over five years with a total budget of $66.78 million. The strategy establishes a coordination mechanism led by a proposed National Agency for the Great Green Wall Initiative in Ethiopia. It aims to address desertification,
THE PUBLIC ACTION BETWEEN STATES AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION O...Techago Gabby
This thesis is an eagle's eye view on the actions that Central African States like Cameroon, Gabon, Congo as well as non-State entities like COMIFAC and WWF are taking to mitigate the effects of human anthropogenic activities on the lifelihood of the African forest Elephant Loxodonta cyclotis. It reviews the evolution of the population of this species from the year 2000-till present date, and projects their regression by 2026 should appropriate action not be taken to address deleterous actions such as poaching, deforestation, the flourishing of ivory black markets due to increasing demand in Asia, etc. It also brings to lime light the illegal grabbing of farm lands from indigenous people's whom left without other sources of livelihood, turn to elephant poaching, in and out of season hunting for food and commercialization, guides accompanying armed groups, bandits and more in order to earn a living. This works dives into, and analysis the instruments and legal frameworks enabling the three concerned countries to come together surfing on the lines of the theory of transnationalism and global governance theories to edify and deepen their actions towards biodiversity conservation, the elephant being the flag bearing specie. The work proposes an amelioration of the cooperation instruments in the sub-regions and proposes solution for amelioration of conservation action both from a policy standpoint and through engagement of CSO's , local communities, decentralized collectivities as well as foreign and local partners who can all take engaging and deliberate action each from their point of strength to significantly mitigate the consequences of man's actions on biodiversity as a working strategy to ensure sustainability in the management of natural forest resources in the Central African sub-region.
এই ই-বুকে সাম্প্রতিক সময়ের ১০০ ব্যাংক নিয়োগ পরীক্ষার ইংরেজি অংশের ২০০০+ ভোকাবুলারির বাংলা অর্থ ও এর ৪ টি সমার্থক শব্দ দেওয়া আছে ……এখানে ওয়ার্ড সমূহ ইংরেজি বর্ণ ক্রম অনুযায়ী দেওয়া আছে … ফলে কিছু ওয়ার্ড একাধিক বার করে রিপিট আছে, যে ওয়ার্ড যত বেশি রিপিট হয়েছে বুঝতে হবে সেটা ততবার ব্যাংক পরীক্ষায় এসেছে … তার মানে সেটা তত বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ …
This document provides Bengali meanings and English equivalents for several common idioms and phrases. Some key idioms translated include: "cry over spilt milk" meaning to lament something that cannot be changed; "dead language" referring to a language no longer spoken; and "carry coal to Newcastle" denoting doing something where it is already abundant.
1) The document provides instructions on proper punctuation usage in Bangla, including periods, commas, question marks, quotation marks, apostrophes, and capitalization rules.
2) Examples are given for how to punctuate different types of sentences such as questions, quotations, requests, and sentences joined by conjunctions.
3) Proper noun capitalization, possessive forms, and addressing are also covered.
The document discusses various tenses in English grammar including the present indefinite tense, present continuous tense, and present perfect tense. It provides examples and explanations of when each tense is used. The key points covered are:
1. The present indefinite tense is used to describe present habitual or general truths, while the present continuous tense describes ongoing actions.
2. The present perfect tense is used for actions that began in the past and continue in the present, or actions that happened before now.
3. Examples and structures are given for each tense along with notes on their usage.
Most motivational bangla quotes of all time
বাণী পৃথিবী সৃষ্টির পর থেকেই উচ্চারিত হয়ে আসছে। প্রত্যেক বিখ্যাত বা সফল ব্যক্তি নিজের অতিবাহিত জীবনের ব্যক্তিগত অভিজ্ঞতা থেকে কিছু না কিছু শিক্ষা গ্রহণ করে ... সেই শিক্ষার সারমর্ম তথা এককথায় প্রকাশ হল বাণী যা উপদেশ রূপে অন্যকে শেয়ার করে। যাতে সে ভুল না করে তার কাঙ্খিত লক্ষ্যে পৌঁছাতে পারে ...
আমাদের জীবন একটাই ও এই জীবনের সময় খুব সংক্ষিপ্ত তাই সফল হবার জন্য কোন পথ ভালো ও কোন পথ খারপ তা বুঝার জন্য লাইফে এক্সপিরিমেন্ট করার সময় আমদের হাতে নেই কাজেই সফল হবার জন্য আমাদের ইতিহাসের সফল ও বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিদের দিকনির্দেশনা ও উপদেশ (উক্তি বা বাণী ) ফলো করতে হবে
বিশিষ্ট লেখকদের গ্রন্থ পড়লে জ্ঞানের পরিধি বৃদ্ধি করা যায়। শিক্ষার কোন শেষ নেই। কিন্তু আমাদের জ্ঞানের গভীরতা এতই কম যে, আমরা বেশি বই পড়তে পারি না। হয়তো সময়ও সকলের হয়ে উঠে না।জীবনী, কবিতা, গল্প কিংবা উপন্যাসে কবি সাহিত্যিকেরা বিভিন্ন কাহিনী বা চরিত্রের মাধ্যমে প্রত্যক্ষ বা পরোক্ষভাবে তাঁদের নিজস্ব কিছু মতামত বা অভিব্যক্তি প্রকাশ করে থাকেন। সমস্ত জীবনের সঞ্চিত অভিজ্ঞতার আলোকে সৃষ্ট সেইসব অভিব্যক্তি থেকে আমরা কিছু না কিছু শিখতে পারি। কিন্তু বাণী চিরন্তনী বইটি পড়লে একাধিক বইয়ের মূল বক্তব্য পেয়ে যাবেন। স্মরণীয় বাণীগুলো মনের মধ্যে গেঁথে রাখলে অনেক সহজ হবে আপনাদের চলার পথ। মানুষেকে বোঝানোর জন্যেই বিশ্বের বড় বড় মনীষীরা নানাভঅবে বক্তব্য উপস্থাপন করেছেন। সেই সব গুরুত্বপূর্ন বক্তব্য গুলোকে সংক্ষিপ্ত করে বাণী বা উক্তি আকারে সংকলিত হয়েছে। আর এই বিশ্বের শ্রেষ্ঠ মনীষীদের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বানী বা উক্তি গুলোকে সংগ্রহীত করে আপনাদের জন্য ই-বুক আকারে শেয়ার করলাম আশা করি এই ই-বুক আপনাদের জীবনকে অনেক সহজ করে দিবে ফলে আপনি খুব দ্রুত সাফল্যের চূড়ায় পৌ
গুণীজন অর্থাৎ বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিগণ অনেক অনেক মজার লেখা লিখে গেছেন অথবা এমন মজার কান্ড করে গেছেন যা সত্যি হাস্যরসাত্মক এবং একই সাথে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ আমাদের জন্য ।
বিখ্যাত ব্যক্তিরা তাদের জীবনের সময়গুলো ব্যবহার করেছেন মানব জাতির কল্যানে। সৃষ্টির জন্য ক্লান্তহীন পরিশ্রম করে। এই পরিসরে তাদের আছে অনেক মজার ঘটনা। আমরা তাদের সফলতাগুলো জানলেও মজার ঘটনা খুবই কম জানি। তাই বাছাই করে চমৎকার সব মজার ঘটনার সংগ্রহশালা তৈরী করেছি আপনাদের জন্য। আশা করি ভালো লাগবে।
There ✛ is /are ➟ আছে, থাকে ✐ There is no water in the jug. জগে কোন পানি নেই।
There ✛ was /were ➟ ছিল ✐ There was no mistake in this letter. এই চিঠিতে কোন ভুল ছিল না।
There ✛ will be ➟ হবে/ থাকবে ✐ There will be a meeting here. এখানে একটি সভা হবে।
There ✛ have been/has been ➟ হয়েছে ✐ There has been a mosque beside the school campus. বিদ্যালয়ে একটি মসজিদ হয়েছে।
There ✛ had been ➟ হয়েছিল ✐ There had been no problem in that planning. সে পরিকল্পনা কোন ভুল হয়নি।
1. The document discusses the different parts of speech and provides rules for identifying nouns, pronouns, and their usage.
2. Nouns are identified based on their use as subjects or objects of verbs, after prepositions, and with articles. Pronouns are used instead of nouns and have different forms based on their function in a sentence.
3. Various suffixes can be added to verbs, adjectives, and other parts of speech to form nouns. Following the given rules helps to correctly identify and use nouns and pronouns.
1. The document discusses comparisons in grammar and the different forms of comparisons - positive, comparative, and superlative degrees.
2. It provides examples of adjectives and adverbs in the three degrees of comparison and rules for forming comparisons.
3. The rest of the document provides more detailed rules and exceptions for using comparative and superlative forms with different words, phrases, and in different contexts.
This document contains a series of English grammar questions and answers. It provides instructions on how to automatically scroll text on an e-book or PDF reader. It then lists 76 multiple choice questions testing various aspects of English grammar, such as parts of speech, pronoun usage, verb tenses and more. The questions are in Bengali with English answer options.
THE GREAT GREEN WALL initiative of Ethiopia.pdfAbrahamLALEMU
This document presents Ethiopia's national strategy and action plan for implementing the Great Green Wall Initiative in Ethiopia. The strategy was developed with support from FAO and the African Union Commission. It outlines six strategic pillars for the initiative: 1) sustainable management of natural resources, 2) development of basic socio-economic infrastructure, 3) development of income generating activities, 4) promotion of good local governance, 5) capacity building of stakeholders, and 6) research and knowledge management. These pillars will be implemented through four programs over five years with a total budget of $66.78 million. The strategy establishes a coordination mechanism led by a proposed National Agency for the Great Green Wall Initiative in Ethiopia. It aims to address desertification,
THE PUBLIC ACTION BETWEEN STATES AND NON-STATE ACTORS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION O...Techago Gabby
This thesis is an eagle's eye view on the actions that Central African States like Cameroon, Gabon, Congo as well as non-State entities like COMIFAC and WWF are taking to mitigate the effects of human anthropogenic activities on the lifelihood of the African forest Elephant Loxodonta cyclotis. It reviews the evolution of the population of this species from the year 2000-till present date, and projects their regression by 2026 should appropriate action not be taken to address deleterous actions such as poaching, deforestation, the flourishing of ivory black markets due to increasing demand in Asia, etc. It also brings to lime light the illegal grabbing of farm lands from indigenous people's whom left without other sources of livelihood, turn to elephant poaching, in and out of season hunting for food and commercialization, guides accompanying armed groups, bandits and more in order to earn a living. This works dives into, and analysis the instruments and legal frameworks enabling the three concerned countries to come together surfing on the lines of the theory of transnationalism and global governance theories to edify and deepen their actions towards biodiversity conservation, the elephant being the flag bearing specie. The work proposes an amelioration of the cooperation instruments in the sub-regions and proposes solution for amelioration of conservation action both from a policy standpoint and through engagement of CSO's , local communities, decentralized collectivities as well as foreign and local partners who can all take engaging and deliberate action each from their point of strength to significantly mitigate the consequences of man's actions on biodiversity as a working strategy to ensure sustainability in the management of natural forest resources in the Central African sub-region.
El viernes 20 de abril organizamos una Jornada sobre la ciencia en el corazón de Europa, en colaboración con Científicos Españoles en Bélgica (CEBE) y realizada en la Fundación Ramón Areces.
This document is an edited volume that emerged from a two-day dialogue on the Australia-India Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative Partnership held in April 2022. It contains 11 research articles organized into three sections. The first section analyzes perspectives on the Indo-Pacific from ASEAN, Australia, and India and finds convergence in promoting peace and stability in the region. The second examines issues of marine plastic pollution and debris in the Bay of Bengal. The third explores topics related to smart ports and supply chains in the Indian Ocean. Overall, the document aims to support an open, inclusive, and rules-based maritime order in the Indo-Pacific region through cooperation under the Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative Partnership
This value chain analysis examines the honey and beeswax sector in Tanzania. It finds that while the country has significant potential to produce honey and beeswax, it is currently only realizing 3.5% of this potential annual production. Small scale rural beekeepers dominate the sector but remain poor despite various support initiatives. Key challenges include a lack of enforcement of supportive policies and regulations, insufficient impact of studies and programs on the ground, and a loss of focus in the research agenda. However, Tanzanian honey has high demand internationally due to its organic nature. Upgrading strategies are needed to better organize smallholders, improve quality, strengthen market linkages and governance to help the sector realize its potential.
This report summarizes the mission of the African Commission's Working Group on Indigenous Populations to the Republic of Congo from March 15-24, 2010. The delegation met with government officials, UN agencies, NGOs, and visited indigenous communities. It observed a lack of data on indigenous peoples' rights and challenges to citizenship, justice, non-discrimination, and access to education, health, land, and employment. It noted ongoing efforts to pass a bill on the promotion and protection of indigenous peoples' rights, which would address many of these issues in line with international standards.
This document is a report from the African Commission's Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities that details their research visit to the Central African Republic from January 15-28, 2007. The report provides an overview of the socio-political context in CAR, the existing legal framework regarding indigenous peoples' rights, and meetings held with various government ministries, NGOs, indigenous communities, and others to discuss indigenous human rights issues. It finds that indigenous peoples in CAR face issues like practices similar to slavery, armed conflicts, lack of access to healthcare, education and land/natural resources, and unequal participation in public life. The report concludes with recommendations to address these issues.
This document summarizes a report by the African Commission's Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities about their research visit to the Central African Republic from January 15-28, 2007. The objectives of the visit were to provide information about indigenous peoples' rights, gather information on the human rights situation of indigenous peoples in CAR, and distribute the African Commission's report on indigenous peoples. The mission met with government officials, NGOs, indigenous communities, and others. While CAR's laws prohibit discrimination and ratified international treaties protecting indigenous rights, the report found indigenous peoples face issues regarding slavery-like practices, armed conflicts, access to healthcare, education, land and political participation. It concludes with recommendations.
The document summarizes a conference held to launch the Oxfam Africa-China Dialogue Platform. It provides an overview of the opening remarks, themes discussed, and key presentations. The opening session framed the objectives of the platform in encouraging constructive engagement on the Africa-China partnership. Three broad thematic areas were examined in the conference: 1) the scope, trends, opportunities and challenges of Africa-China engagement for development; 2) the role of Chinese foreign direct investment in sustainable African agriculture; and 3) making the engagement work for Africa's sustainable development and assessing regional impacts. A highlight was a presentation on technology transfer between China and Africa from the TAZARA railway project example.
Democracy building in_the_regional_context_24-04-2014Dr Lendy Spires
This document analyzes the democratic capacities of international parliamentary institutions (IPIs) and their role in promoting democracy across regions. It examines the European Parliament (EP), Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), East African Legislative Assembly (EALA), MERCOSUR Parliament (PARLASUR), and ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly (AIPA) based on representativeness, legislative capacity, oversight, transparency, and democracy support. The EP is relatively more advanced but all IPIs exhibit weaknesses in these areas. Nonetheless, IPIs are growing in importance and can instill greater legitimacy in regional cooperation and integration processes while promoting democracy in member states. The study provides policy recommendations to strengthen IPI
Civic Space Legal framework in the Horn of AfricaDésiré Assogbavi
This report, published by the Al Khatim Adlan Centre for Enlightenment and Human Development (KACE) and the Horn of Africa Civil Society Forum (HoACS), gives an overview of the legal frameworks pertaining to the regulation of civil society organizations in the greater Horn of Africa, on-going political and economic transformation, as well as the increasing tension and dynamism between governments and CSOs. It focuses deliberately on the shortcomings affecting the growth and contributions of the NGO sector to the general population. It further presents an array of opportunities and threats, as well as successes and challenges that the NGO sector is now facing.
The Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights conducted a research and information visit to the Democratic Republic of Congo from August 9-25, 2009. The objectives of the visit were to inform relevant stakeholders about the situation of indigenous populations, collect information on human rights issues, and distribute reports on indigenous rights. The visit involved meetings with government officials, UN agencies, NGOs, universities, media, and indigenous communities in North and South Kivu provinces. The report provides background on DRC's demographics, history, and legal framework. It then summarizes the various meetings and identifies key human rights concerns faced by indigenous populations, including access to land, slavery, security
This document lists and summarizes several public interest communication campaigns from over the last 25 years in Serbia related to health, legislation, agriculture, environment, governance, and democracy. Many of the campaigns were awarded and focused on issues like blood donation, tobacco smoke, rabies vaccination, drug abuse prevention, and election transparency. Videos and links are provided for some of the campaigns.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
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করুন (অথবা িরািরর তেরে Ctrl + Shift + H )। এবার ↑ up Arrow বা ↓ down Arrow তে রিক করর আনার ড়ার িুরবধা
অনুিারর স্ক্রে স্পীড রিক করর রনন।
AD : Anno Domini.
AAA : Amatuer Athletic Association.
AAPSO : Afro-Asi[n P_opl_s ‘Soli^[rity Ora[nis[tion.
AAP : Australian Associated Press.
ABM : Anti-Ballastic Missile.
ACA : African Cricket Association.
ACA : Americas Cricket Association.
ACC : Asian Cricket Council.
ACD : ASia Cooperation Dialogue.
ACS : Association of Caribbean States.
ADB : Asian Development Bank.
ADB : AFrican Development Bank.
ADF : Asian Development Fund.
ABC : Atomic Energy Commission.
AECL : Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.
AER : Assembly of European Regions.
AFC : Asian Football Confederation.
AFESD : Agrab Fund for Economic and Social Development.
AFP : Agence France-Presse (Agency France Press).
AFRE : Armed Force Revolutionary Council.
AFTA : ASEAN Free Trade Area.
AGSOC : Asian Games special Organizing Committee.
AI : Amnestly International.
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AIBA : American Internaitonal Boxing Association.
AIBD : Asian Institute of Broadcasting Development.
AID (US) : Agency for International Development.
AIDAB : Australian International Development Assistance Bureau.
AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
AIP : Afganistan Islamic Press.
AIR : All India Radio.
AISSF : All India Shik Students Federation.
AIT : Asian Institute of Technology.
AITIC : Agency for International Trade Information and Cooperation.
AJKMC : All Jammu Kashmir Muslim Conference.
ANZUS : Australia, New zeland and United States Defence Pact.
APB : All Points Bulletin.
APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
API : AIDS Programme Effort Index.
APP : Associated Press of Pakistan.
AP : Associated Press.
ARF : ASEAN Regional Forum.
ARP : Air Raid Protection.
ART : Anti-REtroviral Therapy.
ARV : Anti-Retroviral Vaccine.
ASAT : Anti-Satellite.
ASC : African Socialist Council.
ALICO : American Life Insurance Company.
AM : Ante Meridiem.
AM : Amplitude Modulation.
AMF : Arab Monetary Fund.
AMIE : Associate Member of the Institute of Engineers.
AMU : Arab Maghreb Union.
ANC : African National Congress.
ANN : Asian News Network.
ASEAN : Association of South East Asian Nations.
ASEM : Asia Europe Summit Meeting.
ASPAC : Asian and Pacific Council.
ATS : Anti Tetanus Serum.
AU : African Union.
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AUCCTU : All Union Central Council for Trade Union.
BGB : Border Gard Bangladesh.
BBC : British Broadcasting Corporation.
BCCI : Board of Control for Cricket in India.
BCG : Bacillus Calmette Guerin [Tuberculosis Vaccine].
BD : Bachelor of Divinity.
BDS : Bachelor of Dental Surgery.
B.Mus : Bachelor of Music.
B.Pharm : Bachelor of Pharmacy.
BIC : British-Irish Council.
BIMSTEC : Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.
BIS : Bank for International Settlements.
BL : Bachelor of Law.
BLEU : Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union.
BMEPC : Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission.
BP : British Petrolieum.
BSEC : Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation.
BSF : Border Security Force.
BSS : Behavioural Surveillance Survey.
BSTDB : Black Sea Trade and Development Bank.
BVM : Blessed Virgin Mary.
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‘
CNN : Cable News Network.
CIRDAP : Centre of Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific.
CISCO : Council for Islamic Socio-Cultural Organisation.
CIS : Commonwealth of Independent States.
CMAG : Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group.
CMEA : Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.
CMN : Common Market Nations.
CNA : Central News Agency.
CO : Commanding Officer.
CA : Chartered Accountant.
CABEI : Central American Bank for Economic Integration.
CABI : Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International.
CACO : Central Asian Cooperation Organization.
CAF : Confederation of African Football.
CAIS : Central American Integration System.
CAP : Central American Parliament.
CARE : Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere.
CARICOM : Ceribbean Commuity.
CARP : Comprehensive Agraian Reform Programme.
CBD : Convention of Biological Diversity.
CBI : Central Bureau of Investigation.
CBO : Community Based Organisation.
CCNR : Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine.
CDB : Christian Development Bank.
CDU : Christian Democratic Union.
CE : Civil Engineer.
C-in-C : Commander-in-Chief.
CEB : Central Electoral Bureau.
CEC : Committee for Economic Co-operation.
CECRI : Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute.
CENTO : Central Treaty Organisation.
CETC : Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation.
CFC : Common Fund for Commodities.
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CFE : Conventional Force in Europe.
CGFRA : Commission of Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
CGIAR : Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
CH : Companion of Honour.
CHEC : Commonwealth Human Economic Council.
CIAT : International Center for Tropical Agriculture.
CIA : Central Intelligence Agency.
CID : Criminal Investigation Department.
CIDA : Canadian International Development Agency.
CIDD : Central of Inodine Deficiency Disorders.
CIFOR : Center for International Forestry Research.
CIP : International Potato Center. (Centro Internacional de la Papa)
COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language.
COE : Council of Europe.
CP : Colombo Plan.
CRIS : Country Response Information System.
CRI : China Radio International.
CRPF : Central Reserve Police Force.
CSCE : Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe.
CSE : Certificate of Secondary Education.
CSIR : Council of Scientific and Industrial rEsearch.
CSIRO : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation.
CSO : Central Statistical Organisation.
CSS : Central Statistical Service.
CSTO : Collective Security Treaty Organisation.
CSUP : Communist Socialist Unity Party.
CTBT : Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty.
CV : Curriculum Vitae.
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DNA : De-oxyribonucleic Acid.
DNC : Department at Narcotics Control.
DNCC : Development and Media Consultancy Centre.
DOC : Declaration of Commitment.
D.Lit : Doctor of Literature.
D.Sc. : Doctor of Science.
DAC : Development Assistance Committee.
DANIDA : Danish International Development Agency.
DCL : Doctor of Divinity.
DFID : Department for International Development.
DG : Director General.
DHA : Department Humanitarian Affairs.
DLO : Dead Letter Office.
DOHE : D_`_n]_ O``i]_r’s Housina Est[t_.
DPI : Doctor of Public Instruction.
DRDO : Defence Research and Development Organisation.
DV : Diversity Visa.
EACC : East Asia-Pacific Cricket Council.
EACSO : East-African Common Services Organisation.
EAC : East Asian Community.
ECA : European Cricket Council.
ECC : Economic Commission for Europe.
ECG : Electro Cardio Gram.
ECLA : Economic Commission for Latin America.
ECLAC : Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
ECM : European Common Market.
ECO : Economic Co-operation Organisation.
ECOSOC : Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS : Economic Community of West African States.
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ECO : Economic Cooperation Organisation.
ECSC : European Coal and Steal Community.
EADB : East African Development Bank.
EAEC : European Atomic Energy Community.
EAEG : East Asian Economic Group.
EAS : East Asian Summit.
EBRD : European Bank for REconstruction and Development.
EC : European Community.
EC : European Commission.
ECA : Economic Commission for Africa.
ECAFE : Economic Commission for ASia and Far-East.
ECT : Electro Compulsive Therapy.
ECUs : European Crrency Units.
EDP : Electronic Data Processing.
EEC : Eurasian Economic Community.
EFTA : European Free Trade Association.
EIB : European Investment Bank.
ESAF : Extended Structural Adjustment Facility.
ESA : European Space Agency.
ESCAP : Economic and Social Commission for Western Aisa.
ESF : European Science Foundation.
ESO : European Southern Observatory.
ESP : Extra Sensory Perception.
ESRO : European Space Research Organisation.
EU : European Union.
EMCC : Energy Monitoring and Conservation Center.
EMS : Enhanced Messaging Service.
EP : European Parliament.
EPLF : Erithrian People Liberation Front.
EPO : European Patent Organisation.
EPRDF : Ethopian People Revolutionary Development Front.
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FIFA : Federation de Internaitonal Football Association.
FRCS : Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.
FA : Football Association.
FADNAP : Fertilizer Advisory Development and Information Natwork for Asia and the Pacific.
FAOUN : Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
FAO : Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations.
FAPE : Fund for Association to Private Education.
FBA : Fellow of British Academy.
FBI : Federal Bureau of Investigation.
FCBS : Fellow of the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
FHI : Family Health International.
FM : Frequency Modulation.
FRC : Fatah Revolutionary Council.
FRS : Fellow of the Royal Society.
GMT : Greenwich Mean Time.
GNLF : Gurkha National Liberation Front.
GOC : General Officer Commanding.
GA : General Assembly.
GATT : General Agreement of Traiffs and Trade.
GB : Great Britain.
GCC : Gulf Cooperation Council.
GCE : General Certificate of Education.
GDI : Gross Domestic Income. GEC : General Electric Company.
3GPP : 3rd
Generation Partnership Project.
GEMS : Global Environment Monitoring System.
GFATM : Global Fund to fught AIDS, TB and Malaria. GPO : General Post Office.
GPRS : General Packet Radio Service.
GRID : Global Resources Information Database. GSM : Global System for Mobile Communications.
GSTP : Global System of Trade Practice.
GUPS : General Union of Palestine Students.
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HIV : Human Imunodeficiency Virus.
HMV : His M[st_r’s Voi]_.
HSC : Higher Secondary Certificate.
HYV : High Yielding Varities.
HCF : Highest Common Factor.
HDC : Human Development Center.
HDI : Human Development Index.
HDL : High Density Lipoprotein.
HE : His Excellency.
HES : Health Expenditures Survey.
HR : House of Representatives.
HRH : His/Her Royal Highness.
IAAF : International Amatuer Atheletics Federation.
IADB : Inter-American Development Bank.
IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency.
ICC : International Cricket Committee.
: International Conference Centre.
: International Commission on Civil Status.
: International Chamber of Commerce.
: International Coputing Centre.
: International Control Commission.
: International Cricket Council.
: International Criminal Court.
IMO : International Maritime Organization.
: International Mathematical Olympiad.
: International Meteorological Organization.
INSTRAW : International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women.
IAAF : International Association of Athletics Federations.
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INTERPOL : International Police Organization.
IOC : Indian Ocean Commission.
: International Olympic Committee.
IAF : Indian Air Force.
IASTT : Institute for Advancement Science and Technology Teaching.
IATA : International Air Trasport Association.
IATA : International Air Trasport Authority.
IBA : Institute of Business Administration.
IBEC : International Bank for Economic Co-operation.
IBRF : Indo-Burma Revolutionary Front.
ICAO : International Civil Aviation Organization.
ICARDA : International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas.
ICBM : Inter-Continental Ballastic Missile.
ICDDR,B : International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh.
ICDL : International Campaign to Ban Landmines.
ICD : International Classification of Diseases.
ICFM : Islamic Conference of Foreign Minister.
ICI : Imperial Chemical Industries.
ICJ : International Court of Justice.
ICMR : Indian Council of Medical Research.
ICRC : International Committee of Red cross.
ICRTV : International Confederation of Free Trade Union.
ICSID : International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes.
ICTR : Internaitonal Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
ICTY : International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
IDA : International Development Association.
IDA : International Development Authority.
IDB : Islamic Development Bank.
IDU : Injecting Drug Users.
IFAD : International Fund for Agricultural Development.
IFC : International Finance Corporation.
IFPRI : International Food Policy Research Institute.
IFTU : International Federation of Trade Unions.
IGAD : Intergovernmental Authority on Development.
IGEG : Inter Government Export Group.
ITT : Islamic Institute of Technology.
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ISI : Inter-Services Intelligence.
ISPSP : International States Parliment for Safety and Peace.
ISS : International Space Station.
ITA : Information & Technology Agreement.
ITCB : International Textile and Clothing Bureau.
ITC : International Trade Centre.
ITDG : International Technology Development Group.
ITO : International Tele-communication Organization.
ITU : International Telecommunication Union.
IWMI : International Water Management Institute.
IITA : Internaitonal Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
IJC : International Jute Corporation.
ILO : International Labour Organization.
ILRI : International Livestock Research Institute.
IMCO : Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation.
IMED : Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division.
IMF : International Monetary Fund.
IOJ : International Organisation of Journalists.
IOM : International Organization for Migration.
IOR-ARC : Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation.
IORRC : Indian Ocean Regional Corporation.
IPCC : Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change.
IPUC : International Parliamentary Union Conference.
IRA : Irish Republican Army.
IRBM : International Range Ballistic Missile.
IRDB : Integrated Rural Development Board.
IRDP : Integrated Rural Development Programme.
IRRI : International Rice Research Institute.
ISBA : International Sea-Bed Authority.
ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network.
ISEEE : Institute of Soviet and East European Economics.
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JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency.
JKLF : Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front.
JC : Jesus Christ.
JCO : Junior Commissioned Officer.
JETRO : Japanese External Trade Organization.
JP : Justice of the Peace.
KANU : Kenya African National Union.
KWP : Kur^ist[n Work_r’s P[rty.
KDP : Kurdistan Democratic Party.
KEMRI : Kenya Medical Reserch Institute.
KGB : Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezpoasnosti.
LA : Legislative Assembly.
LDP : Liberal Democratic Party.
LEGCO : Legislative Council.
LFO : Legal Frame Work Order.
LGEB : Local Government Engineering Bureau.
LLB : Bachelor of Law.
LASER : Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
LCM : Least Common Multiple.
LDCs : Least Development Countries.
LDL : Low Density Lipoprotein.
LMF : Licenciate of the Medical Faculty.
LMG : Light Machine Gun.
LMT : Local Mean Time.
LST : Local Standard Time.
LTTE : Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
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MMS : Multimedia Messaging Service.
MNLF : Middle National Liberation Front.
MO : Mail Order.
MP : Member of Parliament.
MPhar : Master of Pharmacy.
ME : Monitoring and Evaluation.
MA : Master of Arts.
MAPA : Manila Action Plan.
MASER : Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emmisson of Radiation.
MBBS : Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.
MCA : Malaysian Chinese Association.
MCDU : Member of the Christian Democrate Union.
MEd : Master of Education.
MEES : Middle East Economic Survey.
MEI : Member of Engineering Institute.
MFN : Most Favoured Nation.
MIDAS : Missile Defence Alarm System.
MIGA : Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.
MISO : Maintains of Internal Security Order.
MLit : Master of Literature.
MPLA : Population Movement for the Liberation for Angola.
MQM : Mohajir Qaumi Movement.
MRAS : Member of Royal Asiatic Society.
MRBM : Medium Range Ballastic Missile.
MRCP : Member of Rayal College of Physicians.
MRCS : Member of Rayal College of Surgery.
MRD : Movement for the Restoration of Democracy.
MRTA : Tupak Amaru Revolutionary Movement.
MSc : Master of Science.
MV : Motor Vessel.
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NGO : Non-Government Organisation.
NIAS : Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
NA : National Assembly.
NAC : Non-Aligned Committee.
NAC : National AIDS Committee.
NAFTA : North American Free Trade Agreement.
NAM : Non-Aligned Movement.
NANAP : Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool.
NAP : New Aspairation Party.
NASP : National AIDS/STD Programme.
NATO : North tlantic Treaty Organization.
NAU : North American Union.
NB : Nota Bene.
NNN : Nippon News Network.
NNPT : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
NP : Notaryh Public.
NPA : New Peoples Army.
NPC : National Petro Chemical Corporation.
NPF : National Patriotic Front.
NSCN : National Socialist Council of Nagaland.
NYT : New York Time.
NCC : National Cadet Corps.
NCO : Non Commissioned Officer.
NC : Nordic Council.
NDF : Noridc Development Fund.
NDI : National Democratic Institute.
NDIIA : National Democratic Institute for International Affairs.
NEC : North Economic Council.
NEFA : North Eastern Frontier Agency.
NGFF : Natural Gas Fertilizer Factory.
NIB : Nordic Investment Bank.
NMA : Nepal Medical Association.
NNI : Net National Income.
NNN : NAM News Network.
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OAPEC : Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries.
O-Lebel : Ordinary Level.
OAP : Old Age Pensioner.
OAPNA : Organization of Asian Pacific News Agency.
OAS : Organization of American States.
OAU : Organization of African Untiy.
OCR : Ordinary Capital Resources.
OPEC : Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries.
OSCE : Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
OECD : Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.
OECF : Oversease Economic Co-operation.
OECS : Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States.
OEEC : Organization of European Economic Co-operation.
OFC : Oceania Football Confederation.
OIC : Organization of Islamic Conference.
OPA : Official Development Assistance.
OPCW : Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.
PPP : Pakistan Peoples Party.
: Public Private Partnership
PIF : Pacific Islands Forum.
PA : Personal Assiatant Press Association.
PABX : Private Automatic Branch Exchange [for Telephone].
PAEC : Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission.
PC : Personal Computer.
PCB : Pakistan Cricket Board.
PDF : Pakistan Defence Force.
PEN : Poets, Essayists, Novelists (International Association of Writers).
PFLPGC : Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine General Command.
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PFLT : P_opl_’s Front o` tb_ Li_r[tion Tia_r’s.
PG : Post Graduate.
PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network.
PTA : Pre-paid Travel Arrangement.
PTO : Please Turn Over.
PUCL : People Union for Civil Liberties.
PUK : Patriotic Union of Kurdistan.
PWD : Public Works Department.
PGM : Post Master General.
PhD : Doctor of Philosophy.
PHED : Public Health Engineering Department.
PIA : Pakistan International Airlines.
PINSTECH : Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology.
PLHIV : People Living with HIV and AIDS.
PLO : Palestine Liberation Organization.
PLOTE : Peoples Liberation Organization for Tamil Eelam.
PM : Prime Minister.
PNA : Pakistan National Assembly.
PNC : Palestine National Council.
PNCB : Pakistan Narkotics Control Board.
PODO : Public Office Discoalification Ordinance.
POW : Prisoners of War.
PP : Public Prosecutor.
PR : Public Relations.
PRO : Public Relation Officer.
PST : Pacific Standard Time.
QMG : Quarter Master General.
QC : Qu__n’s Coun]il.
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RA : Royal Academy.
RADA : Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.
RADAR : Radio Detection and Ranging.
RAF : Royal Air Force.
RMS : Railway Mail Service.
RN : Royal Navy.
R&D : Research and Development.
RSPCA : Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
RUF : Revolutionary United Front.
RAM : Royal Academy of Music.
RAW : Research and Analysis Wing.
RBA : REproductive Biology Associates.
RCC : Revolutionary Command Council.
RCD : Regional Co-operation for Development.
RCM : Royal College of Music.
RDC : Research and Development Centre.
RDRA : Regional Director of the Railway Administration.
RFSA : Russian Federal Space Agency.
RG : Rio Group.
RM : Royal Marines.
SAARC : South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.
SADC : Southern African Development Community.
SAF : Structural Adjustment Facility.
SAFTA : South Asian Free Trade Area.
SAIC : SAARC Agricultural Information Centre.
SALT : Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
SAM : Social Accounting Group.
SPCA : Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
SPCC : Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.
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SPO : Special Police Officer.
SPREP : Pacific Regional Environment Programme.
SRG : Study and Research Group.
SRO : Standing Revenue Order.
START : Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.
STC : SAARC Tuberculosis Centre.
SANA : South Asian News Agency.
SAPO : South African Peoples Organization.
SAPTA : SAARC Preferontial Trading Arrangement.
SAYE : Save as You Earn.
SCC : SAARC Cultural Centre.
SCITI : Small and Cottage Industries Training Institute.
SCO : Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
SCZMC : SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre.
SDC : SAARC Documentation Centre.
SDI : Strategic Defence Initiative.
SDMC : SAARC disaster Management Centre.
SDR : Special Drawing Right.
SEAC : South East Asia Command.
SEADO : South East Asian Defence Organization.
SEATO : South East Asian Treaty Organization.
SEC : SAARC Energy Centre.
SF : Science Fiction.
SFOR : Sustainment Force.
SHAEF : Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditionary Force.
SHAPE : Supreme Headquarters of Allied Powers in Europe.
SHRDC : SAARC Human Resources Development Centre.
SICC : Singapore Internaitonal Chamber of Commerce.
SICOFAA : Cooperation System of the American Air Forces.
SIC : SAARC Information Centre.
SID : Society for International Development.
SIDA : Swedish International Development Agency.
SIGG : SAARC’s Int_r-Government Group.
SIM : Subscriber Identity Module.
SIS : Secret Intelligence Service.
SLORC : State Law and Order Restoration Council.
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SMPP : Short Message Peero-to-peer protocol.
SMRC : SAARC Meteorological Research Centre.
SMS : Short Message Service.
SNPA : Specialised New Programme of Action.
SODAC : Society for Development and Co-operation.
SOE : State Owned Enterprises.
SOFO : State of the Worlds Forest.
SOS : Save Our Souls.
TA : Travelling Allowance.
TI : Transparency International.
TNA : Tamil National Army.
TNT : Tri-Nitro Toluene.
TOMS : Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometre.
TPCN : Trade Promotion Centre of Nepal.
TPLF : Tigarian Peoples Liberation Front.
TWA : Trans World Airlines.
UNICEF : Unit_^ N[tions Cbil^r_n’s Fun^.
UCEP : Unprivil_a_^ Cbil^r_n’s E^u][tion[l Proar[mm_. UDHR : Univ_rs[l D_]l[r[tion o` Fum[n Riabts.
UDI : Unilateral Declaration of Independence.
UEFA : Union of European Football Associations.
UEMOA : West African Economic and Monetary Union.
UFO : Unidentified Flying Object.
UHF : Ultra High Frequency.
UIE : UNESCO’s I*nstitut_ `or E^u][tion.
UK : United Kingdom.
ULFA : United Liberation Revolutionary Union.
UN : United Nations.
UN-HABITAT : United Nations Human Settlements Programme.
UN-INSTRAW : United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women.
USA : United States of America.
USAID : United State of America International Development.
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: United States Agency for International Development.
USAN : Union of South American Nations.
USIS : United States Information Service.
USSR : Union of Soviet Socialist Republic.
UNAB : United Nations Association of Bangladesh.
UNAIDS : Joint United Nations Program of HIV/ AIDS.
UNAMIC : United Nations Advance Mission in Combodia.
UNAT : United Nations Administrative Tribunal.
UNCCD : United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification.
UNCDF : United Nations Capital Development Fund.
UNCED : United Nations Conference on Environment and Development.
UNCHS : United Nations Centre for Human Settlements.
UNCIP : United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan.
UNCTIRAL : United Nations Commission on International Trade Law.
UNCLOS : United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.
UNCNRSE : United Nations Conference for New and Renewable Source of Energy.
UNCOD : United Nations Conference on Desertification.
UNCST : United Nations Conference on Science and Technology.
UNCTAD : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
UNDCP : United Nations Drug Control Programme.
UNDEF : United Nations Democracy Fund.
UAE : United Arab Emirates.
UANC : United African National Council.
UAR : United Arab Republic.
UCC : United Carbide Corporation.
UNDOF : United Nations Disengagement Observer Force.
UNDP : United Nations Development Programme.
UNDRO : United Nations Disaster Relief Organization.
UNEDA : United Nations Economic and Development Admisistration.
UNEDC : United Nations Economic and Development Commission.
UNEF : United Nations Emergency Force.
UNESCAP : United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.
UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
UNFIP : United Nations Fund for International Partnerships.
UNFPA : United Nations Population Fund.
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UNGA : United Nations General Assembly.
UNGASS : United Nations General Assembly Special Session.
UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
UNIC : United Nations Information Centre.
UNICRI : United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute.
UNIDIR : United Nations Institute for Disamament Research.
UNIDO : United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
UNIFEMA : United Naitons International Development Fund for Women.
UNIFEM : United Nations Development Fund for Women.
UNIFIL : United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon.
UNIKOM : United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission.
UNIMOG : United Nations International Military Observation Group.
UNISPACE : United Nations Conference of Peaceful Uses of Space.
UNITA : National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.
UNITAR : United Nations Institute for Training and Research.
UNITC : United Nations International Trade Centre.
UNLA : Ua[n^[’s N[tion[l Li_r[tion Army.
UNMOGIP : United Nations Military Observation Group in India-Pakistan.
UNOPS : United Nations Office for Project Services.
UNRISD : United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.
UNRRA : United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration.
UNRWA : United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East.
UNSC : United Nations Security Council.
UNSSC : United Nations System Staff College.
UNTAC : United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
UNTAG : United Nations transition Assistance Group.
UNTC : United Nations Treaty Collection.
UNTSO : United Nations Trans Supervision Organization.
UNU : United Nations University.
UNV : United Nations Volunteers.
UNWCED : United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development.
UOTC : University Officers Training Corps
UPI : United Press International.
UPU : Universal Postal Union.
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VCT : Voluntary Counselling and Testing.
VD : Veneral Disease.
VAT : Value Added Tax.
VGDP : Vulnerable Group Development Programme.
VHF : Very High Frequency.
VIP : Very Important Person.
VPP : Value Payble Post.
VSO : Voluntary Service Overseas.
WASP : White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
WB : World Bank.
WTO : World Trade Organization.
: World Tourism Organization.
: World Toilet Organization.
WBG : World Bank Group.
WCC : World Council of Churches.
WDR : World Development Report.
WEU : Western European Union.
WFC : World Food Council.
WFP : World Food Programme.
WFTU : World Federation of Trade Union.
WHO : World Health Organization.
WI : Wom_n’s Institut_.
WIPO : World Intellectual Property Organization.
WMF : World Wildlife Fund.
WMO : World Meteriological Organization.
WO : Warrant Officer.
WPC : World Peace Council.
WTC : World Trade Centre.