This document discusses challenges in implementing an ERP system at a newly established private university. It provides background on ERP systems and their history. The university's ERP implementation involved integrating administrative and academic functions like admissions, student records, and other services. Literature on ERP implementations in education suggests planning, change management, and requirements gathering are important success factors. Key differences in ERPs for education versus other industries include more efficient handling of admissions/exams and timetable preparation in education, versus reducing costs/inventory for other industries. Challenges of the university's ERP implementation and conclusions are also discussed.
A Study and Analysis of Various Existing Implementation Framework Related to ...EECJOURNAL
Despite the difficulties, risk and failures, higher education institutions are continuously implementing the ERP Systems to meet the demands of increased competition and customer expectation. So, it is important to understand and follow an implementation frameworks to reduce/avoid the implementation failures. This study focuses on the overview of different frameworks/models used in ERP implementation and raise an alarm to indicate that there is only limited research available in this area of higher education hence it should be given more focus.
This article discusses introducing integer modeling concepts to MBA students using a case study about a small organic farm. The case involves determining the optimal distribution channels and allocation of produce among channels to maximize profits. Students first analyze costs and revenues for different channels through an accounting exercise. They then create a linear optimization model to allocate produce, using binary variables to represent channel selection. However, Excel Solver cannot directly handle integer constraints. The article proposes introducing integer programming by having students solve the linear model for different channel combinations, then automating the process using binary integer variables. This allows teaching classical integer modeling concepts in a business context accessible to students. Key discussion points include optimization software limitations and validating model assumptions.
Enterprise resource planning (erp) system in higherprjpublications
This document provides a literature review on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education. It discusses key topics such as the benefits of ERP systems, factors that contribute to ERP implementation success or failure, and the need to minimize customization of ERP systems. The review finds that specific groups within an organization and third-party vendors/consultants play an important role in ERP implementation success. Checklists are also important to develop before and after procuring an ERP system to ensure requirements are met.
Critical Analysis of ERP Concept in Educational SectorSheikhRizwan8
This document discusses research on the impacts of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in educational institutions. It notes that while ERP implementations are costly, many fail to meet expectations or improve performance. Previous research has focused on implementation factors but not user impacts. The proposed research aims to evaluate how ERP systems impact user performance in universities using an established theoretical framework. Understanding user performance is important as users drive ERP value. The research seeks to explain actual ERP benefits and address a gap in comprehensively evaluating ERP impacts on users and performance.
This document provides a literature review on ERP users and ERP training. It discusses four categories of ERP technology adoption among users: satisfaction, usefulness, ease of use, and acceptance. Training is recognized as key to successful ERP implementations but is often neglected and poorly executed. The literature identifies several elements that can contribute to successful ERP training programs, including the content covering both how to use the system and why certain processes are used, effective training materials, and the delivery method and qualifications of the facilitator.
Erp implementation issues in higher educational institutes with specificIAEME Publication
This document discusses issues related to implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education institutions in Pune, India. It identifies key challenges in ERP implementation including transitioning to new systems, data conversion, user acceptance, and bugs in new systems. The document also outlines strategies for a successful implementation like selecting a vendor based on meeting requirements and support, using a phased implementation approach, providing sufficient training to users, and thoroughly testing the system. The findings are intended to help educational institutions planning ERP implementations.
ERP Implementation Success Factors in Saudi ArabiaCSCJournals
A review of the literature on successful implementation of ERP reveals that there are many case studies undertaken by researches, but very few have empirically examined the success factors of ERP implementation. While most of those empirical studies were undertaken in Western countries, very few had examined the implementations in Middle Eastern countries and none in Saudi Arabia. Factors and challenges of ERP implementation in developing countries differ from those of Western countries. Hence a gap in the literature that examines Middle Eastern countries exists. This study is motivated to fill such gap by going beyond case study and boundaries of Western counties to empirically examine the determinants of successful ERP implementation in Saudi Arabia. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of some critical factors on successful implementation of ERP.
A Study and Analysis of Various Existing Implementation Framework Related to ...EECJOURNAL
Despite the difficulties, risk and failures, higher education institutions are continuously implementing the ERP Systems to meet the demands of increased competition and customer expectation. So, it is important to understand and follow an implementation frameworks to reduce/avoid the implementation failures. This study focuses on the overview of different frameworks/models used in ERP implementation and raise an alarm to indicate that there is only limited research available in this area of higher education hence it should be given more focus.
This article discusses introducing integer modeling concepts to MBA students using a case study about a small organic farm. The case involves determining the optimal distribution channels and allocation of produce among channels to maximize profits. Students first analyze costs and revenues for different channels through an accounting exercise. They then create a linear optimization model to allocate produce, using binary variables to represent channel selection. However, Excel Solver cannot directly handle integer constraints. The article proposes introducing integer programming by having students solve the linear model for different channel combinations, then automating the process using binary integer variables. This allows teaching classical integer modeling concepts in a business context accessible to students. Key discussion points include optimization software limitations and validating model assumptions.
Enterprise resource planning (erp) system in higherprjpublications
This document provides a literature review on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education. It discusses key topics such as the benefits of ERP systems, factors that contribute to ERP implementation success or failure, and the need to minimize customization of ERP systems. The review finds that specific groups within an organization and third-party vendors/consultants play an important role in ERP implementation success. Checklists are also important to develop before and after procuring an ERP system to ensure requirements are met.
Critical Analysis of ERP Concept in Educational SectorSheikhRizwan8
This document discusses research on the impacts of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in educational institutions. It notes that while ERP implementations are costly, many fail to meet expectations or improve performance. Previous research has focused on implementation factors but not user impacts. The proposed research aims to evaluate how ERP systems impact user performance in universities using an established theoretical framework. Understanding user performance is important as users drive ERP value. The research seeks to explain actual ERP benefits and address a gap in comprehensively evaluating ERP impacts on users and performance.
This document provides a literature review on ERP users and ERP training. It discusses four categories of ERP technology adoption among users: satisfaction, usefulness, ease of use, and acceptance. Training is recognized as key to successful ERP implementations but is often neglected and poorly executed. The literature identifies several elements that can contribute to successful ERP training programs, including the content covering both how to use the system and why certain processes are used, effective training materials, and the delivery method and qualifications of the facilitator.
Erp implementation issues in higher educational institutes with specificIAEME Publication
This document discusses issues related to implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education institutions in Pune, India. It identifies key challenges in ERP implementation including transitioning to new systems, data conversion, user acceptance, and bugs in new systems. The document also outlines strategies for a successful implementation like selecting a vendor based on meeting requirements and support, using a phased implementation approach, providing sufficient training to users, and thoroughly testing the system. The findings are intended to help educational institutions planning ERP implementations.
ERP Implementation Success Factors in Saudi ArabiaCSCJournals
A review of the literature on successful implementation of ERP reveals that there are many case studies undertaken by researches, but very few have empirically examined the success factors of ERP implementation. While most of those empirical studies were undertaken in Western countries, very few had examined the implementations in Middle Eastern countries and none in Saudi Arabia. Factors and challenges of ERP implementation in developing countries differ from those of Western countries. Hence a gap in the literature that examines Middle Eastern countries exists. This study is motivated to fill such gap by going beyond case study and boundaries of Western counties to empirically examine the determinants of successful ERP implementation in Saudi Arabia. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of some critical factors on successful implementation of ERP.
This document discusses the author's doctoral research into the prevalence and factors influencing the use of spreadsheets in ERP environments. The research aims to measure the extent spreadsheet usage in ERP systems and determine what facilitates this. The author hypothesizes that there are specific company and personal factors that influence users' preferences for external reporting tools like spreadsheets over internal ERP reporting tools. The research methodology involves distributing questionnaires to companies and users at Israeli SMEs to identify these influencing factors.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRACTING PROCESS FOR AN ERP SYSTEMcsandit
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate information across an entire
organization that automate core activities such as finance/accounting, human resources,
manufacturing, production and supply chain management… etc. to facilitate an integrated
centralized system and rapid decision making– resulting in cost reduction, greater planning,
and increased control. Many organizations are updating their current management information
systems with ERP systems. This is not a trivial task. They have to identify the organization’s
objectives and satisfy a myriad of stakeholders. They have to understand what business
processes they have, how they can be improved, and what particular systems would best suit
their needs. They have to understand how an ERP system is built; it involves the modification of
an existing system with its own set of business rules. Deciding what to ask for and how to select
the best option is a very complex operation and there is limited experience with this type of
contracting in organizations. In this paper we discuss a particular experience with contracting
out an ERP system, provide some lessons learned, and offer suggestions in how the RFP and bid
selection processes could have been improved.
There are three stages of Enterprise Resource planning System (ERP) Implementation; which are preimplementation,
mid- implementation and post-implementation. In pre-implementation stage the pervious
researchers found that it fail in Organizational and Technological factors. Therefore, this research studies
the Technological Factors availability and the Organizational Factor readiness at Greater Amman
Municipality (GAM) Case study. The statistical results showed that there are availability of the
Organizational factor (Organizational Objectives and Services, Organization culture, and Business
process) for success of ERP system, and indicate the technological infrastructure is available og GAM.
Relationship Between Organizational Factors, Technological Factors and Enterp...IJMIT JOURNAL
There are three stages of Enterprise Resource planning System (ERP) Implementation; which are preimplementation, mid- implementation and post-implementation. In pre-implementation stage the pervious
researchers found that it fail in Organizational and Technological factors. Therefore, this research studies
the Technological Factors availability and the Organizational Factor readiness at Greater Amman
Municipality (GAM) Case study. The statistical results showed that there are availability of the
Organizational factor (Organizational Objectives and Services, Organization culture, and Business
process) for success of ERP system, and indicate the technological infrastructure is available og GAM.
Determining the core part of software development curriculum applying associa...csandit
The document analyzes software job advertisements in Turkey to determine the core curriculum for software development programs. It applies association rule mining to 653 job ads and identifies 54 rules among programming languages, frameworks, databases, front-end technologies, and other software skills. The results show that jobs requiring Java, Oracle, and SQL Server experience often require a B.Sc. degree, while C# experience is more likely to position candidates as software specialists. The rules also indicate that C# and SQL Server skills are often required together, while Oracle and Java skills are more specialized.
Successful Staff Assimilation in Mergers & Acquisitions Jade Global
Companies acquire other entities for a variety of reasons: to gain market share, acquire a new technology, or gain an edge on the competition. Not all acquisitions lead to assimilation of the two entities, but it is more common than not.
IRJET- ERP Syetem Software for Higher EducationIRJET Journal
The document proposes an ERP system for higher education to easily manage student, department, faculty, and library data in a centralized system. Currently, managing these processes manually is difficult and inefficient. The proposed ERP system would integrate all modules, including student information, courses, timetables, events, and more. It would provide authenticated access to students, faculty, and administrators. The system aims to automate the university's processes, reduce errors, and make information easily accessible online to the university community. It could help students view notices, class schedules, and educational resources, while allowing administrators to efficiently upload materials and manage operations.
Manufacturing is a key infrastructure element needed for smooth operations of any
countries economy. Indian manufacturing sector is currently in the development stage
that changes quickly and change the way they operate in the past. Enterprise Resource
Planning provides one of the most significant factors or contributing factors to the
integrated environment utility. The success of ERP implementation depends on some key
convention factors, often referred to as CSF (Critical Success Factors). Some of these
factors do not matter what the business area or domain is, it is common, but some of this
factors are definitely the industry related specific factor in nature. The current research
study is based on the search for such kind of industries, namely (manufacturing industry
and distribution operations) specifically for the accomplishment of ERP implementation.
This document summarizes research on failure factors of ERP (enterprise resource planning) projects in Iranian manufacturing industries. Through interviews with ERP experts and a questionnaire sent to IT, operations, and production employees, the researchers identified the most significant failure factors. The top four factors were lack of sufficient training, lack of management support, lack of financial support, and employee resistance to change. Less than 40% saw lack of experience as a major factor. Most respondents felt that training could help overcome inexperience. The researchers concluded these human and organizational factors were more important causes of ERP project failures in Iran than technical complications.
Competency model of_software_developer_iYana Arsyadi
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the competency model for software developers in Thailand. The study found:
1) There are two career paths for software developers as entrepreneurs or employees, with potential to become executives or experts.
2) There are four competency clusters for software developers: core competency, technical competency, business competency, and teamwork competency.
3) Workplaces assess software developers based on their performance, teamwork, and self-development.
4) Software developers primarily develop competencies through self-learning using hands-on practice, supported by training, knowledge management and mentoring.
This document proposes a community cloud service called Campus Cloud that would provide both academic and non-academic institutions with services like a centralized platform for publicity, a customized website and mobile app, and a cloud-based institute management system. Currently available management systems are expensive and difficult to maintain. Campus Cloud aims to reduce costs and improve remote access. It would allow institutions and students to interact more easily. The proposed system describes modules for public interaction, an admin panel for management tasks, a personalized website, and a mobile app to improve communication. Campus Cloud could help institutions adopt new technologies with minimal disruption compared to traditional enterprise software.
ERP-Related Issues and Challenges in Turkey: An Overview from ERP ExpertsGülay Ekren
The aim of this paper is to explore existing issues and challenges related to the implementation of ERP systems in Turkey in the way to Industry 4.0 from the point of view of ERP experts.
This document summarizes the training effectiveness evaluation process at Telcon, an Indian construction equipment manufacturer. It first provides background on Telcon and the construction equipment industry. It then introduces the Kirkpatrick model for evaluating training effectiveness across four levels: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. The document outlines how Telcon assesses training needs and describes their training process. It provides an example evaluation of a TPM training session, showing positive results at each Kirkpatrick level, demonstrating the training was effective.
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_dba_thesis_example_strategic_business_modelMELJUN CORTES
This document outlines a study that will evaluate the employability determinants of Information Technology graduates in Metro Manila. The study will survey IT managers and personnel from 15 software companies to understand how well the skills and competencies acquired by IT graduates match the requirements of industry. The responses will be analyzed to identify any gaps and inform the design of an academic-industry program to better prepare IT students for careers. The research methodology is described, including the sample, instruments, data collection process, and statistical analysis that will be used.
This document discusses national differences and their impact on implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems across multiple countries. It reviews issues critical to the success of international ERP implementations based on case studies of multinational companies. The findings suggest that factors like language, culture, politics, regulations, management styles, and labor skills affect ERP implementation practices in different countries. Understanding how national differences influence various implementation aspects can help companies better plan budgets and schedules for multinational ERP projects.
Correlation Between Proper Training / Involvement and ERP Acceptance and the ...Dr. Kerem Koseoglu
This document discusses how training, involvement, ability, and willingness affect user acceptance and utilization of new ERP systems. It hypothesizes that:
1) Perceived ease of use of an ERP system will positively affect utilization.
2) Higher quality training will positively affect perceived ease of use.
3) Higher levels of involvement will positively affect perceived ease of use.
4) Ability and willingness moderate the relationships between training/involvement and perceived ease of use. The study will test these hypotheses through questionnaires and statistical analysis of ERP users.
A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING USABILITY PRACTICES INTO SMALL-SIZED SOFTWARE DEV...ijseajournal
Usability now appears to be a highly important attribute for software quality; it is a critical factor that
needs to be considered by every software-development organization when developing software to improve
customer satisfaction and increase competition in the market. There exists a lack of a reference model or
framework for small-sized software-development organizations to indicate which usability practices should
be implemented, and where in the system-development life cycle they need to be considered. We offer
developers who have the objective of integrating usability practices into their development life cycle a
framework that characterizes 10 selected user-centered design (UCD) methods in relation to five relevant
criteria based on some ISO factors that have an effect on the selection of methods (ISO/TR16982). The
selection of the methods for inclusion in the framework responds to these organizations’ needs; and we
selected basic methods that are recommended, cost-effective, simple to plan and apply, and easy to learn by
developers; and which can be applied when time, resources, skills, and expertise are limited. We favor
methods that are generally applicable across a wide range of development environments. The selected
methods are organized in the framework according to the stages in the development process where they
might be applied. The only requirement for the existing development life cycle is that it to be based on an
iterative approach.
Boo young chung, university of maryland, college park. civil engineering an a...yonghsun
This dissertation analyzes success and failure factors for ERP systems implementations in engineering and construction firms. It aims to identify critical factors that need to be considered to ensure ERP success. The research developed a conceptual ERP success model based on technology acceptance, IS success, and project management theories. A survey was designed and administered, with responses from the U.S., Korea, and other countries. Data analysis identified relationships between success factors and indicators. The research found key factors that impact perceived usefulness, use, benefits, and project success. It also identified some differences between the U.S. and Korean samples. The findings can help firms understand critical factors for successful ERP implementations.
This document reviews literature on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education. It discusses how ERP systems aim to improve efficiency, accessibility and user performance in universities. While ERP implementations are expensive and complex, they provide benefits like improved access to information, streamlined processes, and knowledge sharing. The success of ERP projects depends on both the organization's internal groups like top management and academic administrators, as well as the vendor's groups like project executors and domain experts. Customization of ERP systems should be minimized to avoid increased costs and integration issues later on.
An Empirical Investigation Of Factors Affecting ERP ImpactLisa Muthukumar
This document discusses factors affecting the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on business processes. It reviews literature identifying nine critical success factors for ERP implementations, including team composition, top management support, and communication. The document also discusses how ERP systems often require companies to modify their business processes to fit the ERP, but this may not always be the most optimal approach.
This document discusses the author's doctoral research into the prevalence and factors influencing the use of spreadsheets in ERP environments. The research aims to measure the extent spreadsheet usage in ERP systems and determine what facilitates this. The author hypothesizes that there are specific company and personal factors that influence users' preferences for external reporting tools like spreadsheets over internal ERP reporting tools. The research methodology involves distributing questionnaires to companies and users at Israeli SMEs to identify these influencing factors.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRACTING PROCESS FOR AN ERP SYSTEMcsandit
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate information across an entire
organization that automate core activities such as finance/accounting, human resources,
manufacturing, production and supply chain management… etc. to facilitate an integrated
centralized system and rapid decision making– resulting in cost reduction, greater planning,
and increased control. Many organizations are updating their current management information
systems with ERP systems. This is not a trivial task. They have to identify the organization’s
objectives and satisfy a myriad of stakeholders. They have to understand what business
processes they have, how they can be improved, and what particular systems would best suit
their needs. They have to understand how an ERP system is built; it involves the modification of
an existing system with its own set of business rules. Deciding what to ask for and how to select
the best option is a very complex operation and there is limited experience with this type of
contracting in organizations. In this paper we discuss a particular experience with contracting
out an ERP system, provide some lessons learned, and offer suggestions in how the RFP and bid
selection processes could have been improved.
There are three stages of Enterprise Resource planning System (ERP) Implementation; which are preimplementation,
mid- implementation and post-implementation. In pre-implementation stage the pervious
researchers found that it fail in Organizational and Technological factors. Therefore, this research studies
the Technological Factors availability and the Organizational Factor readiness at Greater Amman
Municipality (GAM) Case study. The statistical results showed that there are availability of the
Organizational factor (Organizational Objectives and Services, Organization culture, and Business
process) for success of ERP system, and indicate the technological infrastructure is available og GAM.
Relationship Between Organizational Factors, Technological Factors and Enterp...IJMIT JOURNAL
There are three stages of Enterprise Resource planning System (ERP) Implementation; which are preimplementation, mid- implementation and post-implementation. In pre-implementation stage the pervious
researchers found that it fail in Organizational and Technological factors. Therefore, this research studies
the Technological Factors availability and the Organizational Factor readiness at Greater Amman
Municipality (GAM) Case study. The statistical results showed that there are availability of the
Organizational factor (Organizational Objectives and Services, Organization culture, and Business
process) for success of ERP system, and indicate the technological infrastructure is available og GAM.
Determining the core part of software development curriculum applying associa...csandit
The document analyzes software job advertisements in Turkey to determine the core curriculum for software development programs. It applies association rule mining to 653 job ads and identifies 54 rules among programming languages, frameworks, databases, front-end technologies, and other software skills. The results show that jobs requiring Java, Oracle, and SQL Server experience often require a B.Sc. degree, while C# experience is more likely to position candidates as software specialists. The rules also indicate that C# and SQL Server skills are often required together, while Oracle and Java skills are more specialized.
Successful Staff Assimilation in Mergers & Acquisitions Jade Global
Companies acquire other entities for a variety of reasons: to gain market share, acquire a new technology, or gain an edge on the competition. Not all acquisitions lead to assimilation of the two entities, but it is more common than not.
IRJET- ERP Syetem Software for Higher EducationIRJET Journal
The document proposes an ERP system for higher education to easily manage student, department, faculty, and library data in a centralized system. Currently, managing these processes manually is difficult and inefficient. The proposed ERP system would integrate all modules, including student information, courses, timetables, events, and more. It would provide authenticated access to students, faculty, and administrators. The system aims to automate the university's processes, reduce errors, and make information easily accessible online to the university community. It could help students view notices, class schedules, and educational resources, while allowing administrators to efficiently upload materials and manage operations.
Manufacturing is a key infrastructure element needed for smooth operations of any
countries economy. Indian manufacturing sector is currently in the development stage
that changes quickly and change the way they operate in the past. Enterprise Resource
Planning provides one of the most significant factors or contributing factors to the
integrated environment utility. The success of ERP implementation depends on some key
convention factors, often referred to as CSF (Critical Success Factors). Some of these
factors do not matter what the business area or domain is, it is common, but some of this
factors are definitely the industry related specific factor in nature. The current research
study is based on the search for such kind of industries, namely (manufacturing industry
and distribution operations) specifically for the accomplishment of ERP implementation.
This document summarizes research on failure factors of ERP (enterprise resource planning) projects in Iranian manufacturing industries. Through interviews with ERP experts and a questionnaire sent to IT, operations, and production employees, the researchers identified the most significant failure factors. The top four factors were lack of sufficient training, lack of management support, lack of financial support, and employee resistance to change. Less than 40% saw lack of experience as a major factor. Most respondents felt that training could help overcome inexperience. The researchers concluded these human and organizational factors were more important causes of ERP project failures in Iran than technical complications.
Competency model of_software_developer_iYana Arsyadi
This document summarizes a research study that investigated the competency model for software developers in Thailand. The study found:
1) There are two career paths for software developers as entrepreneurs or employees, with potential to become executives or experts.
2) There are four competency clusters for software developers: core competency, technical competency, business competency, and teamwork competency.
3) Workplaces assess software developers based on their performance, teamwork, and self-development.
4) Software developers primarily develop competencies through self-learning using hands-on practice, supported by training, knowledge management and mentoring.
This document proposes a community cloud service called Campus Cloud that would provide both academic and non-academic institutions with services like a centralized platform for publicity, a customized website and mobile app, and a cloud-based institute management system. Currently available management systems are expensive and difficult to maintain. Campus Cloud aims to reduce costs and improve remote access. It would allow institutions and students to interact more easily. The proposed system describes modules for public interaction, an admin panel for management tasks, a personalized website, and a mobile app to improve communication. Campus Cloud could help institutions adopt new technologies with minimal disruption compared to traditional enterprise software.
ERP-Related Issues and Challenges in Turkey: An Overview from ERP ExpertsGülay Ekren
The aim of this paper is to explore existing issues and challenges related to the implementation of ERP systems in Turkey in the way to Industry 4.0 from the point of view of ERP experts.
This document summarizes the training effectiveness evaluation process at Telcon, an Indian construction equipment manufacturer. It first provides background on Telcon and the construction equipment industry. It then introduces the Kirkpatrick model for evaluating training effectiveness across four levels: reaction, learning, behavior, and results. The document outlines how Telcon assesses training needs and describes their training process. It provides an example evaluation of a TPM training session, showing positive results at each Kirkpatrick level, demonstrating the training was effective.
MELJUN CORTES research lectures_dba_thesis_example_strategic_business_modelMELJUN CORTES
This document outlines a study that will evaluate the employability determinants of Information Technology graduates in Metro Manila. The study will survey IT managers and personnel from 15 software companies to understand how well the skills and competencies acquired by IT graduates match the requirements of industry. The responses will be analyzed to identify any gaps and inform the design of an academic-industry program to better prepare IT students for careers. The research methodology is described, including the sample, instruments, data collection process, and statistical analysis that will be used.
This document discusses national differences and their impact on implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems across multiple countries. It reviews issues critical to the success of international ERP implementations based on case studies of multinational companies. The findings suggest that factors like language, culture, politics, regulations, management styles, and labor skills affect ERP implementation practices in different countries. Understanding how national differences influence various implementation aspects can help companies better plan budgets and schedules for multinational ERP projects.
Correlation Between Proper Training / Involvement and ERP Acceptance and the ...Dr. Kerem Koseoglu
This document discusses how training, involvement, ability, and willingness affect user acceptance and utilization of new ERP systems. It hypothesizes that:
1) Perceived ease of use of an ERP system will positively affect utilization.
2) Higher quality training will positively affect perceived ease of use.
3) Higher levels of involvement will positively affect perceived ease of use.
4) Ability and willingness moderate the relationships between training/involvement and perceived ease of use. The study will test these hypotheses through questionnaires and statistical analysis of ERP users.
A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING USABILITY PRACTICES INTO SMALL-SIZED SOFTWARE DEV...ijseajournal
Usability now appears to be a highly important attribute for software quality; it is a critical factor that
needs to be considered by every software-development organization when developing software to improve
customer satisfaction and increase competition in the market. There exists a lack of a reference model or
framework for small-sized software-development organizations to indicate which usability practices should
be implemented, and where in the system-development life cycle they need to be considered. We offer
developers who have the objective of integrating usability practices into their development life cycle a
framework that characterizes 10 selected user-centered design (UCD) methods in relation to five relevant
criteria based on some ISO factors that have an effect on the selection of methods (ISO/TR16982). The
selection of the methods for inclusion in the framework responds to these organizations’ needs; and we
selected basic methods that are recommended, cost-effective, simple to plan and apply, and easy to learn by
developers; and which can be applied when time, resources, skills, and expertise are limited. We favor
methods that are generally applicable across a wide range of development environments. The selected
methods are organized in the framework according to the stages in the development process where they
might be applied. The only requirement for the existing development life cycle is that it to be based on an
iterative approach.
Boo young chung, university of maryland, college park. civil engineering an a...yonghsun
This dissertation analyzes success and failure factors for ERP systems implementations in engineering and construction firms. It aims to identify critical factors that need to be considered to ensure ERP success. The research developed a conceptual ERP success model based on technology acceptance, IS success, and project management theories. A survey was designed and administered, with responses from the U.S., Korea, and other countries. Data analysis identified relationships between success factors and indicators. The research found key factors that impact perceived usefulness, use, benefits, and project success. It also identified some differences between the U.S. and Korean samples. The findings can help firms understand critical factors for successful ERP implementations.
This document reviews literature on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education. It discusses how ERP systems aim to improve efficiency, accessibility and user performance in universities. While ERP implementations are expensive and complex, they provide benefits like improved access to information, streamlined processes, and knowledge sharing. The success of ERP projects depends on both the organization's internal groups like top management and academic administrators, as well as the vendor's groups like project executors and domain experts. Customization of ERP systems should be minimized to avoid increased costs and integration issues later on.
An Empirical Investigation Of Factors Affecting ERP ImpactLisa Muthukumar
This document discusses factors affecting the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on business processes. It reviews literature identifying nine critical success factors for ERP implementations, including team composition, top management support, and communication. The document also discusses how ERP systems often require companies to modify their business processes to fit the ERP, but this may not always be the most optimal approach.
Dimensions of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Success in Public and Priv...paperpublications3
Abstract: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been adopted and implemented in the Kenyan higher education sector, with their success being described in many ways that one. Empirical studies have identified Quality, use, and benefits dimensions as suitable descriptors of success of ERP systems. This study used the results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in selected public and private universities in Kenya, coupled with theories and literature from existing Information System (IS) success models, to examine the effect of these dimensions on success of ERP systems. An understanding of ERP systems success dimensions will help to appreciate how each dimension fit in the higher education sector and provide a basis from which mitigation mechanisms can be employed to ensure success. There is need for universities to match their expectations on ERP systems with efficiency, assurance, accuracy, coupled with good support service by experienced professionals that will ensure the desired level quality is guaranteed. Engaging end-users during implementation and providing adequate training to employees have a direct impact on productive use of the ERP system. In addition, universities also need to define the strategic goals clearly before embarking on implementation, such that the process can always be steered towards the realization of benefits associated with the ERP system.
Keywords: ERP Success; Information Quality; Net Benefits; Service Quality; System Quality; Use.
Title: Dimensions of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Success in Public and Private Universities in Kenya
Author: Anthony Njina, Dr. Mike Iravo, Dr. Michael Kimwele
ISSN 2350-1049
International Journal of Recent Research in Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS)
Paper Publications
Critical Success Factors for Implementing an ERP System within University Con...IJMIT JOURNAL
Nowadays, Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in efficiency and effectiveness of the organizational performance. As an IT application, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is considered one of the most important IT applications because it enables the organizations to connect and interact with its administrative units in order to manage data and organize internal procedures. Many institutions use ERP systems, most notably Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). However, many projects fail or exceed scheduling and budget constraints; the rate of failure in HEIs sector is higher than in other sectors. With HEIs’ recent movement to implement ERP systems and the lack of research studies examining successful implementation in HEIs, this paper provides a critical literature review with a special focus on Saudi Arabia. Further, it defines Critical Success Factors (CSFs) contributing to the success of ERP implementation in HEIs. This paper is part of a larger research effort aiming to provide guidelines and useful findings that help HEIs to manage the challenges for ERP systems and define CSFs that will help practitioners to implement them in the Saudi context.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR IMPLEMENTING AN ERP SYSTEM WITHIN UNIVERSITY CON...IJMIT JOURNAL
Nowadays, Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in efficiency and effectiveness of the
organizational performance. As an IT application, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is
considered one of the most important IT applications because it enables the organizations to connect and
interact with its administrative units in order to manage data and organize internal procedures. Many
institutions use ERP systems, most notably Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). However, many projects
fail or exceed scheduling and budget constraints; the rate of failure in HEIs sector is higher than in other
sectors. With HEIs’ recent movement to implement ERP systems and the lack of research studies examining
successful implementation in HEIs, this paper provides a critical literature review with a special focus on
Saudi Arabia. Further, it defines Critical Success Factors (CSFs) contributing to the success of ERP
implementation in HEIs. This paper is part of a larger research effort aiming to provide guidelines and
useful findings that help HEIs to manage the challenges for ERP systems and define CSFs that will help
practitioners to implement them in the Saudi context.
Analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs) with Technical aspectszillesubhan
In the past few years, the information
technology has emerged as a key driving force for
growth of business organizations. The trend of
implementing the latest tools and technologies has
reached to maximum extent. The majority of business
organizations has adopted new and innovative tools
to manage their business tasks effectively. In this
scenario, an enterprise resource planning (ERP)
system is a huge information system that
organizations implement to manage their business
tasks. This is a huge information system which links
almost all the business departments and functional
areas. This report presents a detailed analysis of an
enterprise resource planning system. The
implementation of an enterprise resource planning
system requires taking into consideration various
critical factors, which are essential to be considered
in order to make this implementation fruitful. This
report presents a detailed discussion on the
advantages provided by ERPs to business
organizations. The basic purpose of this report is to
analyze critical success factors involved in the
implementation of ERPs. This report also presents
recommendations with every factor that an
organization can follow to make best use of these
systems.
An Effective Model for Evaluating Organizational Risk and Cost in ERP Impleme...IOSR Journals
Enterprise Resource planning (ERP) implementations in the context of small medium size enterprises is discussed in this paper. It is essential for small businesses to success implementation an ERP system to maintain control of their risks. ERP implementation is costly and risky for small and medium enterprises. Paper identified from archived literature, ERP implementation risk in selecting and implementing an ERP system. Authors hypothesized a relationship between two elements of organizational risk factors, adequate system and business processes re-engineering. The study also examines the relationship between ERP implementation cost and ERP project success in order to better manage enterprises ERP projects in context of SMEs.
The document summarizes a research study that aims to develop a pre-assessment model to predict the time frame of ERP implementations. It presents a conceptual ERP success model based on key stakeholder groups including users, internal groups, and external groups. An initial survey was conducted with 8 case studies to validate the model. The study then developed a framework to estimate implementation delays and time frame based on the contribution of 7 key player behavior factors. The framework was then pilot tested and validated.
The document summarizes a research study that aims to develop a pre-assessment model to predict the time frame of ERP implementations. It presents a conceptual ERP success model based on key stakeholders, including users, internal groups, and external groups. It then describes a two-phase research method to first develop a framework to estimate implementation delays based on stakeholder behavior, and second to validate this model with case studies. The framework calculates estimated time as the standard time plus delays contributed by seven critical success factors.
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the role and impact of project management in ERP project implementation lifecycles. It first discusses how ERP systems have become widely implemented business software. It then reviews various project management methodologies and explores the role of the project manager, project team, and project management in ERP implementations. The document analyzes the impact of project management in ERP implementation pre-implementation, during implementation, post-implementation, and discusses organizational culture and risk management considerations. It concludes that applying project management lifecycle theory and methods can help ensure ERP implementation success.
This document discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It provides definitions of ERP, describes the concept and need for ERP systems. It covers the features, scope, advantages and disadvantages of ERP. It also discusses drivers for ERP implementation, ERP architecture types including monolithic and postmodern, and examples of common ERP software solutions. The document is intended to provide an overview of ERP systems for business operations, technology and implementation.
This document discusses an ERP implementation project in an oil and gas exploration company. It provides background on the company and describes the weaknesses of its previous fragmented IT systems. These included a lack of integration between siloed applications, difficult maintenance, and most business processes still being manual. The company implemented an ERP system to address these issues and integrate its business processes. The document is a case study of the ERP implementation challenges and lessons learned from implementing ERP in the oil and gas sector.
CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS (CSFS) OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP) SYSTEM ...cscpconf
This document provides a literature review on critical success factors for implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education institutions. It begins with definitions of ERP systems and discusses motivations for adopting them and their benefits. It then covers challenges to ERP implementation and defines critical success factors as areas that must go well for successful implementation. The document focuses on ERP implementation in higher education and the unique characteristics of higher education institutions that differentiate them from business organizations.
Critical Success Factors (CSFS) of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System ...csandit
Nowadays, Information Technology (IT) plays an impo
rtant role in efficiency and effectiveness of the
organizational performance. As an IT application, E
nterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is
considered one of the most important IT application
s because it enables the organizations to connect a
nd
interact with its administrative units in order to
manage data and organize internal procedures. Many
institutions use ERP systems, most notably Higher E
ducation Institutions (HEIs). However, many project
s
fail or exceed scheduling and budget constraints; t
he rate of failure in HEIs sector is higher than in
other
sectors. With HEIs’ recent movement to implement ER
P systems and the lack of research studies examinin
g
successful implementation in HEIs, this paper provi
des a critical literature review with a special foc
us on
Saudi Arabia. Further, it defines Critical Success
Factors (CSFs) contributing to the success of ERP
implementation in HEIs. This paper is part of a lar
ger research effort aiming to provide guidelines an
d
useful findings that help HEIs to manage the challe
nges for ERP systems and define CSFs that will help
practitioners to implement them in the Saudi contex
t.
The document describes a proposed system for an automated Institute CRM and ERP system. It discusses the need to replace manual record keeping systems with a computerized system to reduce paperwork and make the process less time-consuming. The system would integrate customer relationship management and enterprise resource planning features to manage student, course, faculty and financial records in a centralized database. It provides an overview of how CRM and ERP systems can benefit educational institutions and a literature review of previous research on applying these types of systems in higher education.
Best ERP Software for Educational Institutes | Education ERPshwetaggarwal11
Discover the power of ERP software for seamless operations in educational institutes. Our guide covers key insights, and we are the leading educational ERP implementation company in India.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRACTING PROCESS FOR AN ERP SYSTEMcscpconf
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems integrate information across an entire organization that automate core activities such as finance/accounting, human resources,
manufacturing, production and supply chain management… etc. to facilitate an integrated centralized system and rapid decision making– resulting in cost reduction, greater planning, and increased control. Many organizations are updating their current management information systems with ERP systems. This is not a trivial task. They have to identify the organization’s
objectives and satisfy a myriad of stakeholders. They have to understand what business processes they have, how they can be improved, and what particular systems would best suit
their needs. They have to understand how an ERP system is built; it involves the modification of an existing system with its own set of business rules. Deciding what to ask for and how to select the best option is a very complex operation and there is limited experience with this type of contracting in organizations. In this paper we discuss a particular experience with contracting
out an ERP system, provide some lessons learned, and offer suggestions in how the RFP and bid selection processes could have been improved.
5. Change Management Strategies For Successful Erp ImplementationDonovan Mulder
1) The document discusses change management strategies for successful ERP implementation to overcome employee resistance. It proposes a 3-phase framework: knowledge formulation to understand employee attitudes, strategy implementation using marketing techniques to influence cognitive, affective, and conative components of attitudes, and status evaluation to assess effectiveness.
2) Key strategies discussed include communication of benefits, demonstration of system functionality, minimizing costs, differentiating the system through quality, training, gaining support of opinion leaders, and properly timing the system introduction. The strategies aim to reduce perceived risk and overcome habits to change employee attitudes toward accepting the new system.
Implementation erp universities 140515 csf revised abstractMichael Le Duc
This document summarizes a case study on implementing an ERP system in university business education curriculums. The study identified four main critical success factors: (I) having champions to support the implementation, (II) creating networking opportunities like user groups, (III) developing the curriculum around the ERP system, and (IV) fostering an environment of learning and innovation. These factors align with five of the ten typical critical success factors for ERP implementations in businesses. The case study provides insights into best practices for universities looking to adopt ERP systems in their programs.
1. Challenges in ERP implementation at a newly established Private University
Milind M Athawale
Vision Infocon Ltd.
mmathawale@visioninfocon.com
Saroj Koul
Jindal Global Business School
skoul@jgu.edu.in
Literature is abundant with articles written on challenges in ERP implementation in general and institutions of
higher learning in particular. However not much is written on challenges in ERP implementation at a newly
established private University. Even though challenges are similar in nature, they take on a different meaning in a
newly established institute of higherlearning.This article is born out of the authors own experience in implementing
an ERP system in newly established private University and focuses on these key differences. This particular
University offers multi-disciplinary courses at under graduate and post graduate level.
Keywords: ERP, Integrated Systems, Change Management, Private University, Institutions of Higher Learning
1. Background
ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning but as the word suggests, there is no resource planning involved. ERP
essentially is a business system that integrates all core and allied functions in an organization in a cohesive manner
for improved efficiency. It is pertinent to briefly touch upon the history of ERP systems and how they came into
existence. Early eighties saw emergence of desktop computers and heads of many functional areas (excluding
finance & payroll) jumped onto computerization bandwagon thereby creating a plethora of heterogeneous systems
without any interface OR shared database. These islands of information could not talk with each other (as they were
developed by different vendors at times on different technology platforms) resulting in creation of duplicate
information in different formats without any awareness of which one is up-to-date and which one is not. As network
technology developed and costs decreased, a strong need was felt for having an integrated systemworking on single
database where there would be no duplicity of data and everyone would be working on a common database with a
their own view of data.
ERP was born out of this need for having a single enterprise wide system to cover all functional areas. ERP
implementation in any industry is a challenge as it largely involves change management. Business Process Re-
engineering (BPR) is an essential part of any ERP implementation. Any change management process is challenging.
In the case of a University setup, as compared to corporates, an ERP can be used for both administrative and
academic purposes by universities. Administrative functions include: human resources, accounting, payroll, and like.
Academic functions include: admissions, registration, examinations, promotions, alumni and all aspects of student
life cycle management. Thus an ERP is an information technology solution that integrates and automates
recruitment, admissions, scholarships, student records, and most academic & administrative services.
Over the previous decades many institutes have made significant investment in ERP, while implementation is
pretty successful in most cases, a considerable number of them have failed to achieve the expected objectives. The
present study takes an in depth examination of the various facets associated with implementation of ERP in
education sector.
2. Literature Review
Experts in the field have advised, based on their own experience as Head of IS, on the precautions universities need
to take for a successful ERP implementation [Swartz and Orgill, 2001]. The ERP systems are large & expensive.
They can take 2-3 or even more years to implement. It is important to guard against scope creep and cost creep. The
future looks bright as University processes mature and they move towards common best practices, it is possible to
move towards cloud based outsourced model for better uptime & support. It is also emphasized by some writers
[Ahmad, Othman and Mukhtar, 2011] the importance of planning before implementation. According to them
planning is an important success factor in implementation of ERP as it is a kind of revolution for the organization.
The implementation process needs acceptance, compliance and commitment of the entire organization. Authors have
2. also provided a 4 phased frame work with critical success factors, deliverables and responsibilities which are kind of
unique for institutions of higher learning in Malaysia.
Research studies carried out in educational institutions thru structured questionnaire [Ghuman and Chaudhary,
2012] also perceived that the effectiveness and efficiency of operations improve significantly by implementing an
ERP solution but could not show any clear trend in nature of their experience with implementation. If certain
percentage of participants reported their experience with ERP to be excellent then an equal number also reported
their experience to be worse. The respondents did not agree that implementation of ERP can improve efficiency in
certain departments whereas there was agreement that it does improve efficiency in certain other departments. This
study also indicates that if implementation issues such as managing resistance of employees, proper requirements
gathering and timely customization are taken care of could lead to better success rate in ERP implementation.
Whitepaper on ERP implementation [Krigsman, 2010] gives 15 tips for successful implementation of ERP in higher
education. The paper covers entire gamut of activities starting from activities in pre-implementation, implementation
and post implementation phases of the project and what precautions one needs to take at each of these stages to
make ERP implementation a success. Another study based on the review of ERP literature in Australia [Rabaa’I,
2010], identifies 12 critical success factors for ERP implementation. Top management commitment and support as
well as change management are the most widely cited factors of ERP implementation success. A whitepaper on
Enterprise Systems in Universities point out that implementing ERP in the HE sector is a daunting prospect. Costs
and risks are high and the payback is medium to long term. A number of universities nevertheless feel that the
potential benefits are worth the investment and effort. Another reason cited for many failures in ERP
implementation [Štemberger and Kovačič, 2008] is companies having concentrated exclusively on the technical
aspects while ignoring the change management process. Lack of appropriate cultural and organizational readiness
was also cited by the authors as another important factor contributing to the failure of an ERP project. In case of
higher education, ERP systems develop in the direction of support for key administrative and academic services
such as student administration, human resources management and financial accounting [Zornada and Velkavrh ,
2005]. Consequently there are many reasons, authors point out, for failure of ERP implementation due to complexity
and adaptation involved inherently in ERP implementation. According to authors [Abugabah and Sanzogni, 2010],
the aim of ERP implementation in universities is also to provide colleges, schools and departments, with an
enhanced ability for research and teaching at reasonable or low cost. Unfortunately however, it has been claimed
that as many as 60 to 80 percent of all ERP systems fail to meet expected outcomes, while other implementations
did not improve performance with users explicitly expressing dissatisfaction with performance.
Based on the body of knowledge that is available on the subject, it can be said that ERP systems are expensive
and can take long time for implementation however payback is worth the cost, time & efforts if the implementation
is handled properly. It can be concluded that key success factors remain more or less the same in any ERP
implementation whether it is a manufacturing industry OR a service industry OR an institute of higher learning.
There is only a minor variation in importance of certain factors over others. The key success factors which emerge
are top management support, right selection of vendor / product, effective change management, prevention of scope
and cost creep, elaborate planning before implementation and proper requirements gathering to start with.
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In Section-3 an attempt has been made to list out the major
differences between the ERPs used for education versus the other Industry verticals. Section-4 enumerates the
benefits for the various modules of the Student Life Cycle Management. Challenges in the implementation of ERP
systems are detailed in Section-5 and finally the conclusion are presented in Section-6.
3. Differences in ERP for Education and other industry verticals
An Education Vertical ERP essentially comprise of:
Back Office Operations
Student Life Cycle Management
Learning Management System
These three components as in Figure 1 will work
together in a seamless manner and will provide the
necessary support to admin staff, faculty and students in
their respective areas of work. Table 1 enumerates
attempts to list out the major differences between the
ERPs used for education versus the other Industry Figure-1 Educational Vertical
3. verticals.
Table 1 Major differences between the ERPs used for education versus the other Industry verticals.
Sr.
No.
ERP Benefit Education Other Industries
1 Reduce costs and
improve
Efficiency
Efficient Handlingof admissions andexaminationprocess
Assistance in time-table preparation by optimizingresource
utilization
Efficient conductionof surveys andFasteranalysis
Reduce InventoryLevels and
inventorycarryingcosts
On-time andaccurate deliveryto
customers
2 Availability of
timely and
accurate
informationfor
decision making
Student Attendance
Faculty publications andresearchwork
Teachingfeedback surveyresults for Performance Appraisal
Real time viewof rawmaterial, WIP
andfinishedgoods inventory
Order Bookingstatus
Change in productionschedule andits
impact
3 Streamline
Processes
Better handlingof student records DemandforecastingandAccurate
productionplanning
4 Completeandon-
time delivery of
finishedproduct
Efficient deliveryof lectures
Assistance in research & publications
Assistance in internal assessment of students
Streamliningof paperbasedandon-line examinationprocess
Changes in delivery requirements
shouldalso translate intochanges in
Production schedules
5 Interface with
other systems and
external partners
Self Service portal bringhuge efficiencies andsave lot of
time for administrative departments andfor facultymembers
Interfacingwith industries / companies for training,
placement, admissions, etc. becomes easy
Interface with customers,
dealers/distributors andvendors
6 Mobile Integration Mobile alerts
Mobile approval process
SMS integrationforkeyevents
Availability of key information on
mobile devices
Mobile alerts
Mobile approval process
3. Student Life Cycle Management – Modules and their Key Benefits
The broad interfaces between various components of ERP at a private university are at Figure-2.
Figure-2 ERP Block Diagram (Authors View)
Table 2 lists major modules of the Student Life Cycle Management ERP system of Figure-2. Some of these
modules include the modules for Admissions, Student Attendance, Teaching Time Table, Electives Bidding,
Feedback Survey, Examination, Classroom and Venue Bookings, Events Calendar, Notice Board, Hostel
Management, Training & Placement, Gate Pass module among many others.
4. Table-2: Modules of the Student Life Cycle Management and its key benefits
Sr.
No.
Module Key Benefits
1 Admissions The online applicationsystemwith payment gateway integration saves lot of manual efforts and time. It is
easier to generate multiple cut-off lists, shortlist candidates and also generate offer letters.
2 Students Profileand
Faculty Profile
It is possible to generate student lists as per requirement almost instantaneously. You can generate list of
students in different programs, courses,sections or onmultiple filters. It is also possible togenerate student or
faculty profile in any format (PDF, Word) at any time for further distribution
3 Student Attendance Professor can mark attendance in less than 5 minutes as against 15-20 minutes it would take to mark
manually. Up todate attendance recordcan be viewedon-lineanytime by faculty member, students andeven
parents can be given access to this information based on institution’s policy and requirement.
Consolidationofattendance at the end of term (semester or trimester), which includes merging students
medical andOD (on duty) records, takes less thanan hour as against 2-3days in a manual process depending
on the student strength.
Automatic reminders can be sent tostudents who are irregular with a copy to Dean/ Asst. Deanandevento
parents.
4 TeachingTime
Table
Time Table is a complexproblembut a basic (not fully optimized) solutioncan be generatedby the software
quickly, which takes careof eachfaculty workload, theirpreferences andclass roomcapacity & availability.
The solution can be further improved manually.
5 Electives Bidding Students can bidon-line for electives andthesubject allocation can be done based on multiple parameters
such as maximum intake of students per subject, student preference and student rank (CGPA / SGPA) or
simply on first-cum-first serve basis.
6 Teaching&
LearningFeedback
Survey
This module helps students togive their feedback anonymously onquality ofteaching for a faculty member
for a particularcourse. The surveycan be conducted in a secure and controlled environment such as class
room, which makes survey findings more fair and credible. ERP system also makes it easier to analyse,
summarise and publish the results once the survey is conducted.
7 Examination It is possible to conduct normal as well as on-line examination at anytime usingdynamic questionbank. It is
possible to assign different weightages forinternal andend –termexamination. The marks obtained in each
internal test can be further assigned individual weightage as per faculty preference. The system helps in
consolidatingmarks of internal assessments andfinal examinationat the endof theterm and to calculate the
overall marks once the final examinations are over.
8 Classroom and
Venue Bookings
The on-lineportal makes it easytobooka facilitysuch as class room, conference room, auditorium, etc. by
faculty members or staff without creatingany conflict situations. The module saves lot of manpower and
time. Automaticmails can go todepartments who areresponsible to provide the facilities required. Everyone
can see the venue availability on-line and also know who has booked a facility and for what purpose.
9 Events Calendar A calendar of all events can be maintainedenablingeveryone to have a single view of all events/ functions
takingplace in the campus. It is also possible touploadphotographs andreport on the proceedings once the
event is over.
10 Notice Board Notices can be publishedfor anydepartment orschool andfora select audience with expiry date. The notices
can be made visible to a person based on whether that person is intended recipient or not.
11 Hostel Management Easy to maintain records of Hostel Room allocation including list of assets provided by the institute.
12 Training&
Placement
This module helps in postingsummer internshipandjoboffers on portal where students can view and apply
for these positions on-line. Settingup eligibility criteria can makeit possible to make these offers visible to
only eligible students. The students canuploadtheirprofiles andtheprofiles of eligible students can be seen
by or sent to prospective employers.
13 Gate Pass module Gate Pass can be appliedfor by students on-line andthe samecan be approvedthru the systemorthrue-mail.
Mail alerts can go to all concerned including parents
14 Parents Portal Parents can be given toaccess totheir ward’s progress in terms of their mark sheets, attendance records,
disciplinary actions, etc. or any other information which institute feels necessary.
4. Challenges in the implementation of ERP systems
Different Organizations face different types of challenges while implementing an ERP System. Even though
challenges are similar in nature, they take on a different meaning in a newly established institute of higher learning.
While implementing an ERP system at newly established private University the following emerged as a major
challenge.
1. Basic Processes are evolving
Any ERP implementation involves process re-engineering which means you start with As-Is process and
develop To-Be process before you start development activity. In case of a newly established university, the
basic processes are constantly evolving thereby making it difficult to have a starting point. The challenge is to
develop a working model on the basis of only brief understanding of the requirements. Many assumptions need
5. to be made at this stage regarding requirements and workflow, to make the software intuitive and generic for the
users.
2. Processes change frequently resulting in lot of re-work
This is an off-shoot of point no. 1 above. In any new setup the processes change frequently resulting in lot of re-
work. There are no established processes to start with. At least 3 iterations are required before we get a
workable solution which meets most of the requirements. It was observed that many modules take at least 3 to 6
months to stabilize. Many assumptions are necessary at the initial stages to make the software workable.
3. Waterfall Model or Iterative and Incremental (Agile) Methodology
The standard methodology OR linear development OR waterfall model is found to be in-effective in a situation
where processes are evolving. Also benefits are deferred till such time all modules are developed and delivered
at the very end of the project. The idea behind agile development is to develop small portions of the systemin
short period of time followed by implementation. The learning comes both as part of development and then by
use of the system. Agile methodology also helps in deploying a workable solution at the earliest showing quick
gains thru enhanced efficiency also leaving a window open for further improvement. A well thought thru user
feedback is essential at this stage to make it a success. Major gains come when the systemreaches its maturity
after subsequent iterations.
4. Change Management
Any ERP implementation involves a lot of change management. Most of the literature on ERP elucidates this
point. Users need to learn new ways of working and also unlearn some of the old ways. How users embrace
change is a deciding factor for success or failure of any software project. In case of newly established
University, this is not a great challenge because there is very little unlearning. People are also receptive to new
ideas. Also change management in agile development is relatively easy because the first workable model that is
implemented is easy to understand and use. This results in faster adaption by users as they know their feedback
is valuable and would be given due consideration in later versions of the software. They are also found to be
more receptive to the first cut implementation when they know that a window for change is open.
5. Process owners change frequently
In case of newly established university the changes in management structure also take place relatively
frequently as many new initiatives are started and resources are moved / shifted as per the requirement. This
results in new ideas every time there is a change in the process owner and lead to further iterations in an already
iterative process.
6. Not enough time for discussion and freezing of requirements
In any new institution which wants to grow at a fast pace tasks are enormous but resources and time are limited.
This results in a typical situation where everyone wants benefits of computerization but do not have enough
time for it. Though this is really unintentional, it is difficult to get time from users at the design stage when
requirements are gathered. In such a situation it also helps to go with iterative approach so that the first working
model can be developed with minimum inputs.
7. Module priorities change
In any upcoming institution which is growing, module priorities change frequently which are mostly incident
driven. Academic institutions reach their full strength after all batches are operational which means it can take 3
to 5 years depending on the nature of programs offered. Apart from base modules (which are setup modules)
such as Program / Sessions management, Student database, Faculty database, etc. which are pre-requisites for
other modules, priorities of other modules change based on the need of the hour. Because of this shift in
priorities it is difficult to stick to a documented project plan.
8. Vendor Selection - Small Vendor vis-à-vis a Big Vendor
In an iterative development it is easier to work with a small vendor as they are more open to changes in design
as it happens in an agile development. The scope can increase anywhere from20 to 30 % depending on how the
development goes and what kind of feedback is received from the users. A customizable or parameterized
design at initial stages definitely helps in subsequent rework.
6. It is noticed that a small vendors are open to changes in scope if the same is discussed & agreed upon at the
time of signing of contract. However there are risks associated with s mall vendors in terms of availability of
right kind of resources, business closure due to financial and /or other problems, single person or owner
dependency, etc.. All these factors will adversely impact the project deadlines. However one needs to take this
decision after properly weighing of all pros and cons.
9. Cost Benefit Analysis
This is a difficult task as is the case with any IT project since benefits are largely intangible. It is also difficult to
calculate ROI over a short period as real benefits accrue when the institution grows in size and student strength
increases. This also makes it difficult to get top management buy-in for the project investments. However if
proper implementation is done, real impact can be felt in processes such as admissions, student records, student
attendance, examinations, document management, etc. However efforts can be made to assign a notional value
to these intangible benefits to arrive at ROI.
10. Customized Software or Off-the-Shelf Product
It is very difficult to get a best fit product in the market for all your needs. It is good to rely on a vendor who has
a basic framework in place and who is willing to work with you to develop the product further. There are
known disadvantages of customization as it impacts the delivery dates since software needs to go through
repeated testing after every customization. Post implementation support for customized software is difficult and
needs long term commitment from the vendor. Overall if there is a proper commitment from the vendor to carry
out all customization and deliver a bug free product on time, it is better to go in for a customized product.
5. Conclusion
It can be concluded that challenges in ERP implementation remain more or less the same. They vary slightly from
industry to industry. The key success factors in a newly established university are proper selection of vendor,
following an iterative approach, early deployment of base version of software and developing an effective feedback
mechanism.
6. Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to the officials at the University and in the IT Dept. for discussions and data during 2011-
12. The authors are also grateful to the reviewers for their valuable suggestions that have made the paper more
systematic and instructive.
7. References
1. Dave Swartz and Ken Orgill, (2001), Higher Education ERP – Lessons Learned –EDUCAUSE QUARTERLY,
Number 2, pp 22-27.
2. Raja Mohd Tariqi Raja Lope Ahmad, Zalinda Othman and Muriati Mukhtar (2011), Campus ERP
Implementation framework for private institution of higher learning environment in Malaysia, WSEAS
TRANSACTIONS on ADVANCES in ENGINEERING EDUCATION, 1(8), pp.1-12.
3. Karminder Ghuman and Sonika Chaudhary, (2012), Incorporation of ERP in Educational Institutions: An
Empirical Study – International Conference on Technology and Business Management, pp. 318-324.
4. Micheal Krigsman (2010). 15 Tips for a Successful ERP Implementation in Higher Education – White paper
5. Ahmad A. Rabaa’I, (2010). Identifying Critical Success Factors of ERP Systems at the Higher Education Sector
- White paper.
6. Enterprise Systems in Universities Panacea or Can of Worms – Whitepaper by JISC Center for Expertise in the
Planning and Implementation of Information Systems
7. Mojca Indihar Štemberger and Andrej Kovačič, (2008) The Role of Business Process Modelling in ERP
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