The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) was set up in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government as an advisory body and a watchdog for the informal sector. Its mandate was to increase the productivity of enterprises in the unorganised sector and create large-scale employment, particularly in rural areas. This report highlights, through surveys and data analysis, the problems faced by marginal and small farmers and their households. It also mentions the agrarian policies of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government (1998-2004) and provides a brief history of government initiatives for the development of marginal and small farming in India. The report discusses programmes that can improve the condition of small and marginal farmers and focuses on possible solutions.