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Speed is the king. 10x productive developers change business. So does 10x faster code. Python is 100x slower than C++ but it only matters when you really use Python to implement number-crunching algorithms. We should not do that, and instead go directly with C++ for speed. It calls for strict disciplines of software engineering and code quality, but it should be noted that here the quality is defined by the runtime and the time to market.
The presentation focuses on the Python side of the development workflow. It is made possible by confining C++ in architecture defined by the Python code, which realizes most of the software engineering. The room for writing fast C++ code is provided by pybind11 and careful design of typed data objects. The data objects hold memory buffers exposed to Python as numpy ndarrays for direct access for speed.
While porting 32-bit software to 64-bit systems there may appear some errors in the code of applications which were written in C++ language. The cause for these hides in the alteration of the base data types (to be more exact, in the relations between them) with the new hardware platform.
This is my attempt at a look at some of the features of C++11, and more importantly, describing some of the style changes in C++11 that will make programmers more productive and programs more efficient.
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Feel free to contact for the online/offline batches.
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1. A scrupulous code review – 15 bugs in
C++ code
Phillip Khandeliants
khandeliants@viva64.com
2. About Me
Over 5 years with the PVS-Studio
team
Team lead at the C++ analyzer
development team
Microsoft Certified Professional, C#
Talk on modern C++
Live by the C++ ISO standard
2
3. Intro: the code review
3
We all do code reviews
Who doesn't admit this – does it
twice as often
5. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (auto i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i)
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
5
6. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (int i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) // 64-bit problems :)
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
6
7. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) // ok
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
7
8. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (std::vector<....>::size_type i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i)
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
8
9. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (auto i = 0uLL; i < vec.size(); ++i) // don't do that on
// 128-bit processors
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
9
10. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (auto i = 0uLLL; i < vec.size(); ++i) // ok since C++7d
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
10
11. void foo(const std::vector<....> &vec)
{
....
for (auto i = 0uLLL; i < vec.size(); ++i) // ok since C++7d
{
// do some magic with vec[i]
....
}
....
}
11
24. void vector8_inc(std::vector<uint8_t> &v)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
{
v[i]++;
}
}
void vector8_inc(std::vector<uint8_t> &v)
{
auto it = v.begin();
const auto end = v.end();
for (; it != end; ++it)
{
++(*it);
}
}
24
25. 25
vector8_inc(std::vector<uint8_t> &):
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rdi] ; it = begin()
mov rdx, QWORD PTR [rdi+8] ; end = end()
cmp rax, rdx ; if (it == end)
je .L1 ; return
.L3: ; do {
add BYTE PTR [rax], 1 ; ++(*it)
add rax, 1 ; ++it
cmp rax, rdx ; } while (it != end)
.L1:
ret
26. 26
vector8_inc(std::vector<uint8_t> &):
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rdi] ; it = begin()
mov rdx, QWORD PTR [rdi+8] ; end = end()
cmp rax, rdx ; if (it == end)
je .L1 ; return
.L3: ; do {
add BYTE PTR [rax], 1 ; ++(*it)
add rax, 1 ; ++it
cmp rax, rdx ; } while (it != end)
.L1:
ret
102. static void G584_CollectExprInfo(const Ptree *p,
vector<G584_Info> &infs)
{
....
auto what = p->What();
if (what == ntParenExpr)
{
// Remember the expression in parentheses and continue
infs.emplace_back(p, true, true, false, false); // ok since C++20
p = SafeSkipParentesis(p);
}
....
}
102
105. void AddFunctionDangerousInfo(const vstring &strFunctionInfo,
const FunctionDangerousInfo &info)
{
FunctionDangerousInfoMap &infoMap = GetFunctionDangerousInfoMap();
DangerousInfoIterator it = infoMap.find(strFunctionInfo);
if (it == infoMap.end())
{
infoMap.insert(make_pair(strFunctionInfo, dangerousInfo));
}
else
{
FunctionDangerousInfo &a = it->second;
// some works with 'a'
}
}
105
106. void AddFunctionDangerousInfo(const vstring &strFunctionInfo,
const FunctionDangerousInfo &info)
{
FunctionDangerousInfoMap &infoMap = GetFunctionDangerousInfoMap();
DangerousInfoIterator it = infoMap.find(strFunctionInfo);
if (it == infoMap.end())
{
infoMap.insert(make_pair(strFunctionInfo, dangerousInfo));
}
else
{
FunctionDangerousInfo &a = it->second;
// some works with 'a'
}
}
106
107. void AddFunctionDangerousInfo(....)
{
auto &infoMap = GetFunctionDangerousInfoMap();
if (auto it = infoMap.find(strFunctionInfo); it == infoMap.end())
{
infoMap.emplace(strFunctionInfo, dangerousInfo);
}
else
{
FunctionDangerousInfo &a = it->second;
// some works with 'a'
}
}
107
108. void AddFunctionDangerousInfo(....)
{
auto &infoMap = GetFunctionDangerousInfoMap();
if (auto it = infoMap.find(strFunctionInfo); it == infoMap.end())
{
infoMap.emplace(strFunctionInfo, dangerousInfo);
}
else
{
FunctionDangerousInfo &a = it->second;
// some works with 'a'
}
}
108
109. void AddFunctionDangerousInfo(....)
{
auto &infoMap = GetFunctionDangerousInfoMap();
if (auto it = infoMap.lower_bound(strFunctionInfo);
it != infoMap.end())
{
auto &a = it->second;
// some works with 'a'
}
else
{
infoMap.emplace_hint(it,
strFunctionInfo,
dangerousInfo);
}
}
109
110. void AddFunctionDangerousInfo(....)
{
auto &infoMap = GetFunctionDangerousInfoMap();
if (auto it = infoMap.lower_bound(strFunctionInfo);
it != infoMap.end() && it->first == strFunctionInfo)
{
auto &a = it->second;
// some works with 'a'
}
else
{
infoMap.emplace_hint(it,
strFunctionInfo,
dangerousInfo);
}
}
110
113. struct Foo
{
int i;
double d;
};
Foo* bar()
{
Foo *ptr = (Foo *) malloc(sizeof(Foo));
if (ptr == NULL)
return NULL;
ptr->i = 0; // ok in C, UB in C++
ptr->d = 0.0; // ok in C, UB in C++
return ptr;
}
113
114. struct Foo
{
int i;
double d;
};
Foo* bar()
{
Foo *ptr = (Foo *) malloc(sizeof(Foo));
if (ptr == NULL)
return NULL;
new (ptr) Foo;
ptr->i = 0; // ok in C++
ptr->d = 0.0; // ok in C++
return ptr;
}
114
115. struct Foo
{
int i;
double d;
};
Foo* bar()
{
Foo *ptr = (Foo *) malloc(sizeof(Foo));
if (ptr == NULL)
return NULL;
ptr->i = 0; // ok in C, UB in C++ until C++20
ptr->d = 0.0; // ok in C, UB in C++ until C++20
return ptr;
}
115
131. Thou shalt not auto, unless thy faith is strong and pure
Thou shalt not write indexed loops for they are abominations before the Code
Thou shalt wash thy data thoroughly before releasing it
Thou shalt not accept data from strangers for they might be sinful
Thou shalt not copy-paste thy code blocks
131
132. Thy comparison routines shall be correct or else the Wrath of Code will get thee
Thou shalt check thy nullables for they are sinful
Thou shalt not push that which can be emplaced
Thou shalt not cook signed values with overflow semantics
He who is without noexcept shall throw, and none other
132