A description of Day 4 of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9 mile stages along minor roads and footpaths. The walk on Day 4 was from Four Lanes to Truro - and I took a wrong turning, so it became an 11 mile walk
This document provides directions for a medium-length walk starting at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire, England. The walk starts by exploring the castle grounds and proceeding across several fields and stiles, along a riverside path and through woodland. It then crosses bridges and climbs back up to the village of Middleham, passing a church before returning to the starting point at the castle.
High on the Colorado plateau, in the middle of the desert, on the Navajo Tribal land, there is a canyon, where water runs through rocks. It is located near the town of Page, at the northern boundary of Arizona. The Navajo name for this place is Tse Bighanilini and it is commonly known simply as the Upper Antelope Canyon. The canyon was formed by erosion of the Navajo Sandstone, primarily due to the occasional torrent of flash floods and aided winds. It is this process that gives the rock a characteristic ‘flowing’ shape and wave patterns. It a magical place where the sunlight gives birth to colours.
The Upper Antelope Canyon is a slot canyon. It encloses a high and narrow space, like a medieval cathedral. Inside the canyon it is filled by reflected and diffused colour lights like the stained glass windows inside a cathedral. It is the nature’s version of the medieval cathedral.
Presentation describes the effects of phosphate brine on the gas permeability of a sandstone core. The results show that phosphate brine reduced gas permeability by more than 90%
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 3 - Townshend to Four Lanes John Downs
A description of Day 3 of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9 mile stages along minor roads and footpaths. The walk on Day 3 was from Townshend to Four Lanes
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 5 - Truro to St Stephen John Downs
A description of Day 5 of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9-mile stages along minor roads and footpaths. The walk on Day 5 was from Truro to St Stephen
A Walk Through Devon - Day 6 - Morchard Bishop to Five Crosses John Downs
Day 6 of an 8-day walk through Devon. An 8-mile walk from Morchard Bishop to Five Crosses on a route that could be used by Lands End to John O'Groats long distance walkers passing through the county
A Walk through Devon - Day 4 - Stockley Hamlet (Okehampton) to Bondleigh BridgeJohn Downs
Day 4 of an 8-day walk through Devon. An 8-mile walk from Stockley Hamlet to Bondleigh Bridge on a route that could be used by Lands End to John O'Groats long distance walkers passing through the county
This document provides directions for a medium-length walk starting at Middleham Castle in Yorkshire, England. The walk starts by exploring the castle grounds and proceeding across several fields and stiles, along a riverside path and through woodland. It then crosses bridges and climbs back up to the village of Middleham, passing a church before returning to the starting point at the castle.
High on the Colorado plateau, in the middle of the desert, on the Navajo Tribal land, there is a canyon, where water runs through rocks. It is located near the town of Page, at the northern boundary of Arizona. The Navajo name for this place is Tse Bighanilini and it is commonly known simply as the Upper Antelope Canyon. The canyon was formed by erosion of the Navajo Sandstone, primarily due to the occasional torrent of flash floods and aided winds. It is this process that gives the rock a characteristic ‘flowing’ shape and wave patterns. It a magical place where the sunlight gives birth to colours.
The Upper Antelope Canyon is a slot canyon. It encloses a high and narrow space, like a medieval cathedral. Inside the canyon it is filled by reflected and diffused colour lights like the stained glass windows inside a cathedral. It is the nature’s version of the medieval cathedral.
Presentation describes the effects of phosphate brine on the gas permeability of a sandstone core. The results show that phosphate brine reduced gas permeability by more than 90%
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 3 - Townshend to Four Lanes John Downs
A description of Day 3 of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9 mile stages along minor roads and footpaths. The walk on Day 3 was from Townshend to Four Lanes
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 5 - Truro to St Stephen John Downs
A description of Day 5 of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9-mile stages along minor roads and footpaths. The walk on Day 5 was from Truro to St Stephen
A Walk Through Devon - Day 6 - Morchard Bishop to Five Crosses John Downs
Day 6 of an 8-day walk through Devon. An 8-mile walk from Morchard Bishop to Five Crosses on a route that could be used by Lands End to John O'Groats long distance walkers passing through the county
A Walk through Devon - Day 4 - Stockley Hamlet (Okehampton) to Bondleigh BridgeJohn Downs
Day 4 of an 8-day walk through Devon. An 8-mile walk from Stockley Hamlet to Bondleigh Bridge on a route that could be used by Lands End to John O'Groats long distance walkers passing through the county
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 1 - Lands End to Penzance John Downs
Describes the first day of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9-mile stages on minor roads and footpaths. This walk on Day 1 was from Lands End to Penzance.
Day 1 of a walk through Devon - From Launceston on the Cornwall /Devon border to Lewdown in Devon. The entire set of " A Walk through ..." walks currently covering the south-west of England from Lands End up into the Cotswolds could be used as a guide by Lands End-John O'Groats (LEJOG) walkers
A Ramble Through Cornwall - Day 6 - St Stephen to Victoria (Bodmin) John Downs
Describes the 6th of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9-mile stages on minor roads and footpaths. This walk on Day 6 was from St Stephen to Victoria near Bodmin.
SPE 24973 35 mm slides in Powerpoint .pptxJohn Downs
Scanned copies of the original 35 mm slides used in the presentation of SPE paper 24973 by John Downs of Shell at the European Petroleum Conference held in Cannes, France, 16-18 November 1992
Single cell protein (SCP) from methane and methanol - publications from Shell...John Downs
The Fermentation and Microbiology (FMB) department of Shell Research Centre in Sittingbourne was a leader in the development of single cell protein (SCP) production from methane and methanol in the 1970's. This updated presentation lists virtually all of the publications from the Shell scientists engaged at that time in the development of a single cell protein production process using methane and methanol as the carbon feedstocks. Their main focus was growing Methylococcus capsulatus in continuous culture on methane.
A Walk through Devon - Day 5 - Bondleigh Bridge to Morchard Bishop John Downs
Day 5 of an 8-day walk through Devon. An 8-mile walk from Bondleigh Bridge to Morchard Bishop on a route that could be used by Lands End to John O'Groats long distance walkers passing through the county
Day 2 of a walk through Devon - From Lewdown to Bridestowe. The entire set of " A Walk through ..." walks currently covering the south-west of England from Lands End up into the Cotswolds could be used as a route guide by Lands End-John O'Groats (LEJOG) walkers
SPE 199286 - Profiling the Production Performance of Five HPHT Gas Condensate...John Downs
1. The document discusses production performance from five high-pressure, high-temperature gas condensate wells in the Kvitebjorn Field in the Norwegian North Sea that were drilled and completed using cesium formate drilling fluids.
2. Logging data obtained using cesium formate brine showed improved reservoir quality, leading to a 33% increase in estimated hydrocarbon reserves. Actual cumulative production from the field has matched or exceeded revised reserve estimates.
3. Cumulative production from the initial five wells after 14 years is now higher than the original reserves projection for the entire field, demonstrating the benefits of using cesium formate fluids for drilling and completion.
SPE 145562 - Life Without Barite: Ten Years of Drilling Deep HPHT Gas Wells ...John Downs
The tradition of using barite to increase the weight of drilling fluids dates back to the early-1920’s and, while it has been of great benefit to the oil industry over the past 90 years, it has also caused some chronic and persistent well construction problems along the way. These problems, which are very familiar to drillers, include well control difficulties, stuck pipe incidents and formation damage.
The oil industry has known since the 1970’s that replacing barite with suitable non-damaging solutes in reservoir drill-in fluids is an effective way of reducing formation damage, simplifying operations and eliminating the need for expensive formation damage by-pass operations. The development of brine-based drill-in fluids opened up the opportunity to connect more effectively with hydrocarbon reserves by allowing the construction of long high-angle reservoir sections completed in open hole. Despite the advantages on offer, the industry was unable to exploit this novel technology in deep HPHT gas field developments until the mid- to late-1990’s when drill-in fluids based on potassium and cesium formate brine became available in commercial volumes.
Cesium formate brine was first used as a reservoir drilling fluid in the Huldra gas/condensate field in the North Sea in January 2001, and has now been used to drill a total of 29 deep HPHT gas wells. The information presented and reviewed in this paper confirms that the use of potassium and cesium formates as the sole weighting agents in reservoir drill-in fluids has enabled operators to enjoy the full economic benefits of creating low-skin open-hole completions in deep high-angle HPHT gas wells. The review also concludes that the use of these heavy formate brines as drill-in fluids over the past 10 years has facilitated the safe and efficient development of deep HPHT gas reserves by:
• Virtually eliminating well control and stuck pipe incidents
• Enabling the drilling of long high-angle HPHT wells with narrow drilling windows
• Typically reducing offshore HPHT well completion times by 30 days or more
• Improving the definition and visualization of the reservoirs
• Eliminating the need for clean-ups, stimulation treatments or any other form of post-drilling well intervention to remove formation damage caused by the drilling fluid
This has all been made possible by the operators’ acceptance and adoption of the award-winning Chemical Leasing (ChL) and fluid management programmes that form the basis of their contracts with the sole producer of cesium formate brine. The use of the ChL model has played an important role in reducing the unnecessary consumption of what is a very rare and valuable chemical resource
SPE 165151 - The Long-term Production Performance of Deep HPHT Gas Condensat...John Downs
Formate brines have been in use since 1995 as non-damaging drill-in and completion fluids for deep HPHT gas condensate field developments. The number of HPHT fields developed using formate brines now totals more than 40, and includes some of the deepest, hottest and highly-pressured reservoirs in the North Sea. The well completions have been both open-hole and cased-hole.
An expectation from using formate brines as reservoir drill-in and completion fluids is that they will cause minimal damage to the reservoir and help wells to deliver their full productive potential over the life-time of the field. The validity of this expectation has been tested by examining the long-term hydrocarbon production profiles of eight HPHT gas condensate fields in the North Sea where only formate brines have been used as the well completion fluids. In five of these fields the wells were drilled with oil-based muds and completed by perforating in cased hole with high-density formate brines. In another two of the fields the wells were drilled with formate brines and completed with screens entirely in open hole using the same brines. The last of the eight fields was drilled with formate brine and the wells were then completed with same fluid in either open hole or cased hole.
The results of the production analysis provide a unique insight into the impact of a single type of specialist drill-in and completion fluid on the rate of recovery of hydrocarbon reserves from deeply-buried reservoirs in the North Sea
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 8 - Bodmin to St Neot John Downs
A short (7 mile) walk from the outskirts of Bodmin east to St Neot, skirting the southern border of Bodmin Moor. Mostly walking in fog on this particular day
This document summarizes the key findings of a study on the effects of different well construction fluids on rig time savings. The study analyzed 89 North Sea wells and found that switching from oil-based muds to cesium or potassium formate fluids can save up to 26 days of rig time. Specifically, using formate fluids for open-hole standalone sand screen completions can save over 3.5 weeks compared to cased and perforated completions using oil-based muds. Formate fluids also significantly reduce completion times for both well construction techniques and increase drilling rates of penetration compared to oil-based muds.
DMK chose potassium formate brines over invert oil-based muds for drilling long horizontal wells in the abrasive Montney shales. They experienced significant cost and time savings from increased drilling rates of penetration (ROP), longer bit life, improved wellbore cleaning, and lower equivalent circulating densities (ECDs). Operators saw ROP improvements of 30-50% and bit runs twice as long as with oil-based muds. Using solids-free potassium formate brine allowed excellent horizontal wellbore cleaning without cuttings beds forming and reduced circulating pressures.
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Describes the first day of a 10-day walk through Cornwall from Lands End to Launceston in easy 9-mile stages on minor roads and footpaths. This walk on Day 1 was from Lands End to Penzance.
Day 1 of a walk through Devon - From Launceston on the Cornwall /Devon border to Lewdown in Devon. The entire set of " A Walk through ..." walks currently covering the south-west of England from Lands End up into the Cotswolds could be used as a guide by Lands End-John O'Groats (LEJOG) walkers
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SPE 24973 35 mm slides in Powerpoint .pptxJohn Downs
Scanned copies of the original 35 mm slides used in the presentation of SPE paper 24973 by John Downs of Shell at the European Petroleum Conference held in Cannes, France, 16-18 November 1992
Single cell protein (SCP) from methane and methanol - publications from Shell...John Downs
The Fermentation and Microbiology (FMB) department of Shell Research Centre in Sittingbourne was a leader in the development of single cell protein (SCP) production from methane and methanol in the 1970's. This updated presentation lists virtually all of the publications from the Shell scientists engaged at that time in the development of a single cell protein production process using methane and methanol as the carbon feedstocks. Their main focus was growing Methylococcus capsulatus in continuous culture on methane.
A Walk through Devon - Day 5 - Bondleigh Bridge to Morchard Bishop John Downs
Day 5 of an 8-day walk through Devon. An 8-mile walk from Bondleigh Bridge to Morchard Bishop on a route that could be used by Lands End to John O'Groats long distance walkers passing through the county
Day 2 of a walk through Devon - From Lewdown to Bridestowe. The entire set of " A Walk through ..." walks currently covering the south-west of England from Lands End up into the Cotswolds could be used as a route guide by Lands End-John O'Groats (LEJOG) walkers
SPE 199286 - Profiling the Production Performance of Five HPHT Gas Condensate...John Downs
1. The document discusses production performance from five high-pressure, high-temperature gas condensate wells in the Kvitebjorn Field in the Norwegian North Sea that were drilled and completed using cesium formate drilling fluids.
2. Logging data obtained using cesium formate brine showed improved reservoir quality, leading to a 33% increase in estimated hydrocarbon reserves. Actual cumulative production from the field has matched or exceeded revised reserve estimates.
3. Cumulative production from the initial five wells after 14 years is now higher than the original reserves projection for the entire field, demonstrating the benefits of using cesium formate fluids for drilling and completion.
SPE 145562 - Life Without Barite: Ten Years of Drilling Deep HPHT Gas Wells ...John Downs
The tradition of using barite to increase the weight of drilling fluids dates back to the early-1920’s and, while it has been of great benefit to the oil industry over the past 90 years, it has also caused some chronic and persistent well construction problems along the way. These problems, which are very familiar to drillers, include well control difficulties, stuck pipe incidents and formation damage.
The oil industry has known since the 1970’s that replacing barite with suitable non-damaging solutes in reservoir drill-in fluids is an effective way of reducing formation damage, simplifying operations and eliminating the need for expensive formation damage by-pass operations. The development of brine-based drill-in fluids opened up the opportunity to connect more effectively with hydrocarbon reserves by allowing the construction of long high-angle reservoir sections completed in open hole. Despite the advantages on offer, the industry was unable to exploit this novel technology in deep HPHT gas field developments until the mid- to late-1990’s when drill-in fluids based on potassium and cesium formate brine became available in commercial volumes.
Cesium formate brine was first used as a reservoir drilling fluid in the Huldra gas/condensate field in the North Sea in January 2001, and has now been used to drill a total of 29 deep HPHT gas wells. The information presented and reviewed in this paper confirms that the use of potassium and cesium formates as the sole weighting agents in reservoir drill-in fluids has enabled operators to enjoy the full economic benefits of creating low-skin open-hole completions in deep high-angle HPHT gas wells. The review also concludes that the use of these heavy formate brines as drill-in fluids over the past 10 years has facilitated the safe and efficient development of deep HPHT gas reserves by:
• Virtually eliminating well control and stuck pipe incidents
• Enabling the drilling of long high-angle HPHT wells with narrow drilling windows
• Typically reducing offshore HPHT well completion times by 30 days or more
• Improving the definition and visualization of the reservoirs
• Eliminating the need for clean-ups, stimulation treatments or any other form of post-drilling well intervention to remove formation damage caused by the drilling fluid
This has all been made possible by the operators’ acceptance and adoption of the award-winning Chemical Leasing (ChL) and fluid management programmes that form the basis of their contracts with the sole producer of cesium formate brine. The use of the ChL model has played an important role in reducing the unnecessary consumption of what is a very rare and valuable chemical resource
SPE 165151 - The Long-term Production Performance of Deep HPHT Gas Condensat...John Downs
Formate brines have been in use since 1995 as non-damaging drill-in and completion fluids for deep HPHT gas condensate field developments. The number of HPHT fields developed using formate brines now totals more than 40, and includes some of the deepest, hottest and highly-pressured reservoirs in the North Sea. The well completions have been both open-hole and cased-hole.
An expectation from using formate brines as reservoir drill-in and completion fluids is that they will cause minimal damage to the reservoir and help wells to deliver their full productive potential over the life-time of the field. The validity of this expectation has been tested by examining the long-term hydrocarbon production profiles of eight HPHT gas condensate fields in the North Sea where only formate brines have been used as the well completion fluids. In five of these fields the wells were drilled with oil-based muds and completed by perforating in cased hole with high-density formate brines. In another two of the fields the wells were drilled with formate brines and completed with screens entirely in open hole using the same brines. The last of the eight fields was drilled with formate brine and the wells were then completed with same fluid in either open hole or cased hole.
The results of the production analysis provide a unique insight into the impact of a single type of specialist drill-in and completion fluid on the rate of recovery of hydrocarbon reserves from deeply-buried reservoirs in the North Sea
A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 8 - Bodmin to St Neot John Downs
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This document summarizes the key findings of a study on the effects of different well construction fluids on rig time savings. The study analyzed 89 North Sea wells and found that switching from oil-based muds to cesium or potassium formate fluids can save up to 26 days of rig time. Specifically, using formate fluids for open-hole standalone sand screen completions can save over 3.5 weeks compared to cased and perforated completions using oil-based muds. Formate fluids also significantly reduce completion times for both well construction techniques and increase drilling rates of penetration compared to oil-based muds.
DMK chose potassium formate brines over invert oil-based muds for drilling long horizontal wells in the abrasive Montney shales. They experienced significant cost and time savings from increased drilling rates of penetration (ROP), longer bit life, improved wellbore cleaning, and lower equivalent circulating densities (ECDs). Operators saw ROP improvements of 30-50% and bit runs twice as long as with oil-based muds. Using solids-free potassium formate brine allowed excellent horizontal wellbore cleaning without cuttings beds forming and reduced circulating pressures.
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Open-hole sand-control completions using expandable sand screens (ESS) offer advantages over traditional cased-hole completions including improved production rates and lower installation costs. The documents discusses several case studies where formate brines and ESS were used together, setting world records for longest, hottest, and deepest ESS installations. This included projects by Shell in the Brigantine field in the UK North Sea and by Saudi Aramco in the K-field in Saudi Arabia, improving well economics in both cases.
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A Ramble through Cornwall - Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
1. A RAMBLE THROUGH CORNWALL
Land’s End to Launceston, in easy 9-mile stages, on
minor roads and footpaths
Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro – 11.40 miles (18.34 km)
OS Explorer Map 104
johndowns50@hotmail.com 1
John Downs
2. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
General directions : Exit Four Lanes (altitude 819 ft) towards Redruth and immediately head east to Ivy Farm
on minor road. Then carry on downhill on minor roads past Chapel Hill, Badger Hill and Govorrow to Burncoose
Farm and A393. Cross the A393 and take minor road eastwards to Pulla Cross, Frogpool and on to Perranwell
Station. Cross the Carnon River and climb footpath to Carnon Crease and Carnon Downs village. Then take the
Quenchwell Road north and after passing fields containing ancient burial mounds (tumuli) turn right onto minor
road which follows the railway line past Penwethers and up to the A390 at County Hall, Truro.
johndowns50@hotmail.com 2
3. Set off from Four Lanes towards Redruth at around 11.00. Fine and dry day with a cool wind. Altitude at start (according to
Garmin): 819 ft . Turned right onto minor road after leaving Four Lanes. Turn right at T-junction (although I took a detour left for
around half a mile to see the view west to Carn Brae) near Ivy House and then left down to Middle Tretharron. Kept on downhill
past Badger Hill and Govorro, with views across Lanner and Lanner Moor on the left. Reached the A393 at Burncoose Farm (321
ft) after 1 hour and 52 minutes of walking.
Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
johndowns50@hotmail.com 3
4. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
Took a small detour west after Four Lanes to see view over to
Carn Brae
johndowns50@hotmail.com 4
5. DAY 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
View left over Lanner and Lanner Moor on the road down from Four
Lanes to Burncoose
johndowns50@hotmail.com 5
6. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
johndowns50@hotmail.com 6
View on the left further down the road from Four Lanes to Burncoose
7. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
johndowns50@hotmail.com 7
Typical view of the quiet minor road descending from Four Lanes to
Burncoose and the A393 crossing.
8. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
Crossed A393 and walked down through Pulla Cross and Frogpool (246 ft). At the cross roads just before Greensplat I
made a mistake, turning right to Peranwell Station instead of going straight ahead to cross the River Carnon at Treliever.
Reached Peranwell Station (178 ft) 3 hours after setting off from Four Lanes. The wrong turning near Greensplat added a
couple of extra miles to my walk.
johndowns50@hotmail.com 8
9. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
Crossed the Carnon River after Perranwell, then took an interesting sunken footpath called Carnon Crease up to top of hill.
Took a right past a farmhouse onto a track running into Carnon Downs village. Note that my intended (shorter) route for the
day would have taken me across the river on the road shown at the top of the map (see below) avoiding Perranwell and
Carnon Downs. Turned left onto main road running through Carnon Downs, then took another left up Quenchwell Road.
Walking time now 3 hours 53 minutes and back up at 291ft altitude.
johndowns50@hotmail.com 9
10. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
johndowns50@hotmail.com 10
Sunken footpath up the hill from Carnon River to Carnon Downs, with stream
running down the middle
11. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
After passing fields dotted with ancient burial mounds (tumuli) I turned right off the Quenchwell road onto another minor road
(altitude now 291 ft) heading north towards Truro. Followed the road, now running alongside railway line and got within about
1 mile of County Hall and A390, on the outskirts of Truro, where I stopped after walking for 4 hours and 49 minutes. Distance
walked was longer than usual (11.4 miles) because of my wrong turning back near Greensplat.
johndowns50@hotmail.com 11
12. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
johndowns50@hotmail.com 12
The turning right off the Quenchwell Road onto a minor road
going to Truro and the A390
13. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
johndowns50@hotmail.com 13
Woodland on right of road after turning off Quenchwell Road
14. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
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Then drive back to the beach at Maenporth for a swim….
15. Day 4 – Four Lanes to Truro
Walk statistics (Garmin)
johndowns50@hotmail.com 15