The document discusses trends in 21st century learning including personal learning environments (PLEs), the semantic web, and augmented reality. It defines PLEs as collections of applications and resources assembled by individuals to support new learning modalities enabled by technology. PLEs go beyond traditional learning management systems by being more personal. The semantic web aims to make web content machine-readable through standards like URIs, RDF, and OWL. Augmented reality supplements reality by overlaying virtual objects to enhance education. Future learning environments may integrate PLEs, semantic web technologies, and augmented reality to provide personalized, authentic learning experiences.