This document discusses PHP and Ruby extensions that allow running Ruby scripts within PHP and PHP scripts within Ruby. It introduces php-extension ruby, which enables running Ruby code from PHP, and php_embed gem, which enables running PHP code from Ruby. It provides sample code for using these extensions and discusses challenges in implementing web applications that utilize both languages.

1. PHP と
Ruby の
架け橋
2013/01/13
Tokyo Ruby Kaigi 10
do_aki

2. ＠do_aki
http://do-aki.net/

3. About 2 extensions
php-extension ruby
Runnable ruby script in PHP (>=5.4)
php_embed gem library
Runnable php script in Ruby(>= 1.9)

4. https://github.com/do-aki/php-ext-ruby

6. php-ext-ruby sample code
<?php
// php.ini : extension=ruby.so
ruby_eval(<<<'EOS'
def hello
“Ruby #{RUBY_VERSION} in PHP! "
end
EOS
);
echo ruby_eval('hello()'); # Ruby 1.9.3 in PHP!

7. Web Application?

8. <?php
sinatra on ext-ruby
// php.ini : extension=ruby.so
ruby_require(‘sinatra’);
ruby_eval(<<<EOS
get ‘/’
‘Hello sinatra in PHP!’
end
EOS
);

9. sinatra on ext-ruby
<?php (not
work)
// php.ini : extension=ruby.so
ruby_require(‘sinatra’);
ruby_eval(<<<EOS
get ‘/’
‘Hello sinatra in PHP!’
end
EOS
);

10. ruby_require calls
rb_require but…
• rb_require is ‘require’ in Ruby script
• require is not rb_require in Ruby 1.9
• rb_require(“rubygems”) already called
• rubygems override original require!
• also not work (another reason)
rb_funcall(rb_mKernel, rb_intern(“require”)) ?

11. sinatra on ext-ruby again
<?php
ruby_eval(<<<EOS
require 'sinatra/base‘
class App < Sinatra::Base
get '/' do
'Hello Sinatra in PHP!'
end
end
EOS
);

12. 突然の死
(Segmentation fault)

13. 次回作にご期待ください
• Runnable standard library
• ruby-mysql library runs too
• Web application works in PHP and Ruby if you
make F/W which runnable on this extension!
o...rz

14. <?php
ruby_eval(<<<'EOC'
require 'mysql'
client = Mysql.connect('127.0.0.1', ‘usr', ‘pas’, 'test')
client.query("SELECT id,name FROM
hoge").each do |id, name|
p [id, name]
end
EOC
);

15. php_embed (rubygems.org)
https://rubygems.org/gems/php_embed

16. require ‘php_embed’
php_embed sample code
PhpEmbed.eval <<EOS
function hello($rv) {
$pv = phpversion();
return “PHP {$pv} in Ruby {$rv}!”;
}
EOS
retval = PhpEmbed.call(:hello, RUBY_VERSION)
p retval # PHP 5.4.10 in Ruby 1.9.3!

17. PhpEmbed::Value Class
• This class holds a PHP variable
• Convert Ruby variables into PHP variables
(new)
• Convert PHP variables into Ruby variables
(to_X)
• PHPnized comparison rule

18. p_ary = PhpEmbed::Value.new([1, 2, 3])
PhpEmbed::Value sample code
p p_ary # Array
p p_ary.to_a # [1, 2, 3]
p p_ary.to_a[0].class # PhpEmbed::Value
---------------------------------------------------------
p_zero = PhpEmbed::Value.new(0)
p_false = PhpEmbed::Value.new(false)
p pzero == p_false # true

19. func = PhpEmbed::Value.evalsample
PhpEmbed::Value << EOS code
function ($ary) {
return count($ary);
}
EOS
p func.class # PhpEmbed::Value
p func.callable? # true
p func.call(1..100); # 100

20. Web Application?

21. sorry……

22. PHP Architecture
PHP Script
Extensions
Web
Server
or
Zend
SAPI
OS Engine

23. PHP SAPIs
aolserver / apache / apache2filter /
apache2handler / apache_hooks /
caudium / cgi / cli / continuity / embed
/ fpm / isapi / litespeed / milter / nsapi
/ phttpd / pi3web / roxen / thttpd / tux
/ webjames
under sapi directory in php-5.4.10 source code

24. PHP SAPIs
aolserver / apache / apache2filter /
php_embed uses embed SAPI .
But embed SAPI has not
apache2handler /web server
interface to apache_hooks /
caudium / cgi / cli / continuity / embed
/ fpm / isapi / litespeed / milter / nsapi
/ phttpd / pi3web / roxen / thttpd / tux
/ webjames
under sapi directory in php-5.4.10 source code

25. PHP Installer
• gem install php_embed
– require “libphp5”
– yum install php-embedded php-devel
– Or compile php yourself
• gem install php_embed -- --compile-php
– compile minimal php (in gem directory)
– require gcc / tar / make

27. php-extension ruby
Runnable ruby script in PHP (>=5.4)
php_embed gem library
Runnable php script in Ruby(>= 1.9)

28. Just for Fun

29. Difference between
PHP and Ruby
in extensions

30. Overview of PHP/Ruby extension
Extension
(C Function)
PHP PHP
retrun
args
value
Ruby Ruby
• Written by C language mostly
• Method(Function) in Ruby/PHP calls C Function

31. Overview of PHP/Ruby extension
Extension
(C Function)
PHP PHP
zval zval
VALUE VALUE
Ruby Ruby
zval VALUE
internal representation of internal representation of
variable in PHP variable in Ruby

32. zval zval VSVALUE
VALUE
type info pointer (*RVALUE)
+ reference count RBasic / RObject / RClass /
+ value RFloat / RString / RArray /
RRegexp / RHash … and others
lval (integer)
dval (floating point) or value
str (string) – false / true / nil / symbol
ht (hash table) – same integer
– some float (>= 2.0?)
obj (object)
Simple Complex

33. Garbage Collection
zval VALUE
reference counting mark and sweep
+ circular reference (conservative)
collector
difficulty handling easy handling

34. zend_eval_string (PHP)
define:
ZEND_API int zend_eval_string(
char *str, zval *retval_ptr, char *string_name
TSRMLS_DC);
example:
char *code = “$value=1”, *name=“value”;
zval ret;
zend_eval_string(code, &ret, name TSRMLS_CC);

35. rb_eval_string (Ruby)
define:
VALUE rb_eval_string(const char *str);
example:
char *code = “value=1”;
VALUE ret;
ret = rb_eval_string(code);

36. Build extensions
PHP Ruby
$ phpize $ ruby extconf.rb
$ configure $ make
$ make $ make install
$ make install
m4 macros Ruby script
autoconf mkmf library

37. Code Reading

38. GNU Global (htags)
http://www.gnu.org/software/global/

39. cgdb
http://cgdb.github.com/

40. References
Ruby:
RHG (Rubyソースコード完全解説)
http://i.loveruby.net/ja/rhg/
PHP :
php.net
PHP Extension Writing (PHP Quebec 2009)
http://talks.somabo.de/200903_montreal_php_extension_writing.pdf
Notice: they are old a little

41. Commit log

42. Conclusion
処理系/拡張
いじるの
めっさ楽しい！

43. Thank you!
2013/01/13 Tokyo Ruby Kaigi 10
A Bridge Between PHP and Ruby
@do_aki
英語間違えてたらこっそり教えて＞＜