_Minerals. is very important for animals pptx

BASC102A: Minerals and Vitamins
DE LA SALLE ARANETA UNIVERSITY-DOCTORS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 1

Minerals
 The chemical excluding C, H, O, and N
(non-mineral elements) regarded as
essential for the proper nutrition of
animals are referred to as inorganic
elements.
 These elements are constituents in the
ash fraction of feed.
 They are required in greatly varying
amounts, but has nothing to do with the
essentiality of the function performed
 Animals acquire their mineral needs from
feeds, mineral supplements, drinking
water and/or soil  can be consumed
either accidentally or on purpose

DE LA SALLE ARANETA UNIVERSITY- AGRIVET SCIENCES INSTITUTE 3
Gross chemical composition of plant and animal tissue
List of essential elements
Arsenic (As) Hydrogen (H) Phosphorus (P)
Calcium (Ca) Iron (Fe) Potassium (K)
Carbon (C) Magnesium (Mg) Selenium (Se)
Chlorine (Cl) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si)
Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) Sulfur (S)
Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) Tin (Sn)
Copper (Cu) Nitrogen (N) Vanadium (Va)
Fluorine (F) Oxygen (O) Zinc (Zn)

DE LA SALLE ARANETA UNIVERSITY- AGRIVET SCIENCES INSTITUTE 4
Gross chemical composition of plant and animal tissue
Fraction Component
Moisture Water (and volatile acids and bases, if present)
Ash Essential elements:
Major: K, Mg, Na, S, Ca, P, Cl
Minor: Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, I, Zn, Mo, Se, F
Crude Protein Protein, amino acids, amines, nitrogenous glucosides, glycolipids, B-vitamins
Crude Fat Fats, oils, waxes, organic acids, pigments, sterols, vitamins A, D, E, K
Crude Fiber Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
Nitrogen-free-extract (NFE) Starch, sugars, fructosans, hemicellulose, organic acids, pigments, water-
soluble-vitamins
Components of different fractions in the proximate analysis of feeds

Functions:
A. As constituents of various tissues, tissue
growth and repair
1. As constituents of skeletal structures, giving
rigidity and strength to bones and teeth.
Bones usually contain more than 80% of
inorganic salts in the organism. Bone tissues
are highly reactive and plastic, and capable
of undergoing continuous structural
changes.
2. As constituents of organic compounds such
as proteins, lipids, etc. which make up the
muscles, vital organs, blood cells, etc.

Functions:
B. Serve as body regulators or for producing body regulators.
1. Maintenance of ionic equilibrium. Ex. Mg2, Cl, SO4
2. As components and in activation of enzymes Metalloenzymes Ex.
cytochrome oxidase (Cu) Activator of one or more enzyme systems. Ex. Na,P
3.As components and in activation of hormones and direct incorporation
into hormone structure ex. Iodine for thyroid hormones
4.As components and in activation of vitamins. Ex. Use of Co for
microorganisms to produce VitaminB12
5. Acid-base equilibrium Ex. Excretion of H ions
6. Nerve excitability

Functions:
C. Accessory functions
Ex. milk and egg production
D. Component of cell membrane
Ex. Sodium pump moves Na ions out of the
cell and moves K ions into the cell.
Minerals found in eggs

Classification of Minerals
1.Macro minerals- required in relatively large amount usually in
percentage basis.
( Ca, P
, K, Na, Cl,Mg,and S)
2.Micro minerals- required in trace or minute amounts expressed in
ppm,mg/lb or mg/kg. (Fe, Cu, Co, I, Mo, F, Mn, Zn and Se)

Calcium- closely related to Phosphorus in metabolism and consist of 70% in
the ash of the body.
Ca:P= 1-2:1 (monogastrics) 7:1 (ruminants) 10:1 for laying hens

Osteoporosis in horses Milk fever in cows
Rickets in duck, pigs, and cattle
Minerals Deficiency Symptoms
1. Calcium Osteoporosis, milk fever in cows,
and rickets

Pica in dogs and cats
and rickets
2. Phosphorus Pica, poor growth, infertility
3. Magnesium Hypomagnesemia (grass tetany)
4. Zinc Parakeratosis in swine

Hypoglycemia or grass tetany
and rickets

and rickets
Parakeratosis

5. Manganese Perosis, skeletal deficiency
6. Cobalt Emaciation in cattle and sheep
7. Iron Anemia, Thumps (labored breathing)
8. Copper Enzootic ataxia in sheep, anemia
Perosis in chicks

7. Iron Anemia, Thumps (labored breathing)
Emaciation in sheep

7. Iron Anemia, Thumps (labored
breathing)
Anemia in dogs

7. Iron Anemia, Thumps (labored
breathing)
Enzootic ataxia in sheep

9. Iodine Goiter and alopecia
10. Selenium Same in Vit. E, Nutritional and
muscular dystrophy
11. Molybdenum Poor growth in lambs
Alopecia in dogs
Goiter in cattle and sheep

9. Iodine Goiter and alopecia
10. Selenium Same in Vit. E, Nutritional and
muscular dystrophy
11. Molybdenum Poor growth in lambs
Nutritional muscular dystrophy in foals

Thank You! 

_Minerals. is very important for animals pptx

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