Four commercial airliners were hijacked on September 11, 2001 by al-Qaeda terrorists. Two planes crashed into the World Trade Center towers in New York City, one crashed into the Pentagon building near Washington D.C., and the fourth crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 people were killed and billions in property was damaged, making it the deadliest terrorist attack in modern history. The attacks had major economic impacts and led the U.S. to launch the War on Terror against al-Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan.
Case Analysis
SEC460 Case Analysis
Name
Class
Date
Professor
September 11, 2001
Every adult in America can tell you where they were when airplanes began to crash into important American landmarks on September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent Americans. The international terrorist attack forever changed America and woke the country up to the potential threats facing the nation. This day will never be forgotten and any illusions of safety have forever been shattered. Never before have there been an international terrorist attack on American soil this devastating. Nineteen Islamic extremists hijack four American airplanes murdering thousands of innocent Americans. The events on 9/11 resulted in the death of over 3,000 Americans with 400 being first responders that went into the Twin Towers in order to rescue the injured.
Participants, Planning, Objectives, and Execution
The attacks on 9/11 were committed by 19 Islamic terrorists that made up different terrorists cells in the country. The 19 men entered the country legally, obtained legitimate jobs, and quietly planned the devastating attacks. The success of the September 11 plot depended on the ability of the hijackers to obtain visas and pass an immigration and customs inspection in order to enter the United States (). The 19 terrorist were also able to go undetected in the country for several years while along making contact with members of the Al Qaeda terrorist group and planning the devastating attacks. At no time were the terrorists detected or the devastating attacks would have failed.
The planning for the attacks began with the twenty three visas that were applied for by Islamic extremists bent on becoming martyrs for Islam. Out of the twenty three visas twenty two were granted. Several of the men entered the country to attend universities that would give them the necessary skills to pilot a 747 aircraft. The terrorist began entering the country in January of 2000 and many were successful in leaving the country and having no problems with reentry. The hijackers entered the country through Floridian airports and airports in New York and Washington, D.C.
The four pilots responsible for flying the planes into buildings are Mohammed Atta, Hani Hanjour, Ziad Samir Jarra, and Marwan al Shehhi but there were other hijackers being trained to fulfill the pilot positions. The four pilots were able to enter and exit the country 17 times without being detected. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was the mastermind behind the attacks while Ali Abdul Aziz Ali was the group’s financial facilitator. Only one of the hijackers entered the country on an academic visa while the others entered the country on tourist visas. Of all of the hijackers that entered the country only two were interviewed by customs agents.
The hijackers entered the country on six month visa and many obtained legitimate identification. It was important to retain the appearance of leg ...
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Case Analysis
SEC460 Case Analysis
Name
Class
Date
Professor
September 11, 2001
Every adult in America can tell you where they were when airplanes began to crash into important American landmarks on September 11, 2001 killing thousands of innocent Americans. The international terrorist attack forever changed America and woke the country up to the potential threats facing the nation. This day will never be forgotten and any illusions of safety have forever been shattered. Never before have there been an international terrorist attack on American soil this devastating. Nineteen Islamic extremists hijack four American airplanes murdering thousands of innocent Americans. The events on 9/11 resulted in the death of over 3,000 Americans with 400 being first responders that went into the Twin Towers in order to rescue the injured.
Participants, Planning, Objectives, and Execution
The attacks on 9/11 were committed by 19 Islamic terrorists that made up different terrorists cells in the country. The 19 men entered the country legally, obtained legitimate jobs, and quietly planned the devastating attacks. The success of the September 11 plot depended on the ability of the hijackers to obtain visas and pass an immigration and customs inspection in order to enter the United States (). The 19 terrorist were also able to go undetected in the country for several years while along making contact with members of the Al Qaeda terrorist group and planning the devastating attacks. At no time were the terrorists detected or the devastating attacks would have failed.
The planning for the attacks began with the twenty three visas that were applied for by Islamic extremists bent on becoming martyrs for Islam. Out of the twenty three visas twenty two were granted. Several of the men entered the country to attend universities that would give them the necessary skills to pilot a 747 aircraft. The terrorist began entering the country in January of 2000 and many were successful in leaving the country and having no problems with reentry. The hijackers entered the country through Floridian airports and airports in New York and Washington, D.C.
The four pilots responsible for flying the planes into buildings are Mohammed Atta, Hani Hanjour, Ziad Samir Jarra, and Marwan al Shehhi but there were other hijackers being trained to fulfill the pilot positions. The four pilots were able to enter and exit the country 17 times without being detected. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was the mastermind behind the attacks while Ali Abdul Aziz Ali was the group’s financial facilitator. Only one of the hijackers entered the country on an academic visa while the others entered the country on tourist visas. Of all of the hijackers that entered the country only two were interviewed by customs agents.
The hijackers entered the country on six month visa and many obtained legitimate identification. It was important to retain the appearance of leg ...
Case Analysis: Calling 911 Essay examples
9/11 Evidence Analysis
9/11 Thesis
The Change in Airport Security from 9/11 Essay
911 Case Study
Fahrenheit 9/11 Essay
911 Attacks Research Paper
911 Operator Research Paper
Descriptive Essay On 9/11 Attacks
Personal Narrative Essay On 9/11 Attacks
Research Paper On 9/11
Impact Of 911
9/11 Short Paragraph
How 9/11 Changed the World
9/11 Research Paper
Essay About 9/11
Narrative Essay On 9/11 Terrorist Attacks
9/11 Inside Job Research Paper
9/11 Conspiracy Essay
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
1. INTRODUCTION
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four
coordinated suicide terrorist attacks carried out by the militant
Islamic extremist network al-Qaeda against the United States on
Tuesday, September 11, 2001. That morning, nineteen terrorists
hijacked four commercial airliners scheduled to travel from the
North-eastern United States to California. The hijackers crashed the
first two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in
New York City, and the third plane into the Pentagon (the
headquarters of the United States military) in Arlington County,
Virginia. The fourth plane was intended to hit a federal government
building[e] in Washington, D.C., but crashed in a field following a
passenger revolt. The attacks killed nearly 3,000 people and
instigated the global war on terror. The first impact was that of
American Airlines Flight 11. It was crashed into the North Tower of
the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan at 8:46 a.m.
Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03, the World Trade Center’s South
Tower was hit by United Airlines Flight 175. Both 110-story
skyscrapers collapsed within an hour and forty-two minutes,
precipitating the collapse of other World Trade Center structures
including 7 World Trade Center, and damaging nearby buildings. A
third flight, American Airlines Flight 77, crashed into the west side of
the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, at 9:37 a.m., causing a
partial collapse. The fourth and final flight, United Airlines Flight 93,
flew in the direction of Washington, D.C. Alerted of the previous
attacks, the plane's passengers fought back in an attempt to gaing
control of the aircraft, but the hijackers ultimately crashed the plane
in a field in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, near Shanksville at
10:03 a.m. Investigators determined that Flight 93 was targeting
either the U.S. Capitol or the White House. Within hours of the
2. attacks, suspicion quickly fell onto al-Qaeda. The United States
formally responded by launching the war on terror and invading
Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had not complied with U.S.
demands to expel al-Qaeda from Afghanistan and extradite its
leader, Osama bin Laden. The U.S.'s invocation of Article 5 of NATO—
its only usage to date—called upon allies to fight al-Qaeda. As U.S.
and NATO ground forces swept through Afghanistan, bin Laden fled
to the White Mountains, where he narrowly avoided capture by U.S.-
led forces. Although bin Laden initially denied any involvement, in
2004 he formally claimed responsibility for the attacks. Al-Qaeda's
cited motivations included U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S.
troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq. After evading
capture for almost a decade, bin Laden was killed by the U.S. military
on May 2, 2011. The attacks resulted in 2,977 non-hijacker fatalities,
an indeterminate number of injuries, and substantial long-term
health consequences, in addition to at least $10 billion in
infrastructure and property damage. It remains the deadliest
terrorist attack in human history and the single deadliest incident for
firefighters and law enforcement officers in U.S. history, with 343
and 72 killed, respectively. The destruction of the World Trade
Center and its environs seriously harmed the New York City economy
and induced global market shocks. Many other countries
strengthened anti-terrorism legislation and expanded their powers
of law enforcement and intelligence agencies. Cleanup of the World
Trade Center site (colloquially "Ground Zero") took eight months and
was completed in May 2002, while the Pentagon was repaired within
a year. After delays in the design of a replacement complex, the One
World Trade Center began construction in November 2006 and
opened in November 2014. Memorials to the attacks include the
National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York City, the
3. Pentagon Memorial in Arlington County, Virginia, and the Flight 93
National Memorial at the Pennsylvania crash site.
NEED OF STUDY
The need of study about 9/11 attack is important. In that attack On
September 11, 2001, nineteen terrorists associated with al-Qaeda,
an Islamist extremist group hijacked four commercial airplanes
scheduled to fly from the East Coast to California. In a coordinated
attack that turned the planes into weapons, the terrorists
intentionally flew two of the planes into the Twin Towers of the
World Trade Center, a global business complex in New York City,
causing the towers to collapse. They also flew a third plane into the
Pentagon, the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense, in
Arlington, Virginia. Passengers and crew members on the fourth
plane launched a counterattack, forcing the hijacker pilot—who was
flying the airplane toward Washington, D.C.—to crash the plane into
a field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, near the town of
Shanksville. The 9/11 attacks killed 2,977 people. This was the single
largest loss of life resulting from a foreign attack on American soil.
The attacks caused the deaths of 441 first responders, the greatest
loss of emergency responders on a single day in American history.
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The main objectives of study are:
Understand the history and impact of the 9/11 attacks
Construct critical questions around the anniversary of 9/11 and its
present-day context
Evaluate & reflect on personal understanding of 9/11 through
critical questions
4. ATTACK ON THE PENTAGON ON 9/11
In the immediate aftermath of the attacks on 11 September, the
Department of Defense and all of the branches of the Armed Forces
began efforts to document the attacks. The Naval Historical Center
(the predecessor of NHHC) activated its reserve unit, Navy Combat
Documentation Detachment 206 (DET 206) to assist in the
documentation efforts. Over the next ten months, DET 206 reservists
and NHC Historians interviewed hundreds of individuals who were in
the Pentagon on the day of the attack or were directly involved in
the Navy’s response and the work that followed. The Navy Archives
has received permission to release a portion of the oral histories to
the public for the first time since they were recorded. The oral
histories that have been authorized for release can be found at the
link above.
WHAT CAUSED 9/11?
9/11 resulted from the confluence of multiple factors.
Islamic extremism was stirred by the Iranian Revolution, the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan and the assassination of the Egyptian
president. That extremism turned anti-American because of U.S.
support for Israel and repressive and secular Arab regimes.
Soaring birthrates and limited economic opportunities generated
social pressures. Extremist thinking embraced violence because local
regimes left no other options for peaceful, democratic reform.
The proliferation of weapons gave activists the means to inflict harm,
and innovation in communications facilitated worldwide publicity
about their deeds — which served the psychological warfare
objective of unsettling western populations.
5. VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS AND EFFECT
When America was attacked by terrorists on September 11, 2001,
the entire business community felt the blow. Stock markets
immediately nosedived, and almost every sector of the economy was
damaged economically. The U.S. economy was already suffering
through a moderate recession following the dotcom bubble, and the
terrorist attacks added further injury to the struggling business
community. Miraculously, however, the markets and business in
general bounced back in a relatively short time. By the end of the
year, the U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the total value of all
goods and services, had increased over the previous year about 1%,
to more than $10 trillion, demonstrating that the economy had not
been critically hurt by the 9/11 attacks. In fact, according to the
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), GDP increased 2.7% in the fourth
quarter of 2001.
Market Reaction
Anticipating market chaos, panic selling and a disastrous loss of value
in the wake of the attacks, the NYSE and the Nasdaq remained closed
until September 17, the longest shutdown since 1933. Moreover,
many trading, brokerage, and other financial firms had offices in the
World Trade Center and were unable to function in the wake of the
tragic loss of life and collapse of both towers. On the first day of
NYSE trading after 9/11, the market fell 684 points, a 7.1% decline,
setting a record at the time for the biggest loss in exchange history
for one trading day (this has since been eclipsed by the market
reaction during the global coronavirus pandemic). At the close of
trading that Friday, ending a week that saw the biggest losses in
NYSE history, the Dow Jones was down almost 1,370 points,
representing a loss of over 14%. The Standard and Poor's (S&P) index
6. lost 11.6%. An estimated $1.4 trillion in value was lost in those five
days of trading.
Major stock sell-offs hit the airline and insurance sectors as
anticipated when trading resumed. Hardest hit were American
Airlines and United Airlines, carriers whose planes were hijacked for
the terrorist attacks. The immediate impact on business was
significant. Gold prices leaped from $215.50 an ounce to $287,
reflecting the uncertainty and flight to safety of nervous investors.
Gas and oil prices also shot upward as fears emerged that oil imports
from the Middle East would be curtailed. Within a week, however,
these prices retreated to their approximate pre-attack levels as no
new attacks occurred and deliveries of crude oil to the U.S. from its
usual sources continued unabated. Gold prices also dropped back for
the same reasons.
Business Takes a Hit
The immediate impact on some business sectors was significant.
The insurance industry was hit with 9/11-related claims estimated at
some $40 billion, although most firms held adequate cash reserves
to cover these obligations. As a result of the fallout from the 9/11
attacks on the insurance industry, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act
was passed to share losses between the federal government and the
insurance industry. This legislation became necessary as premiums
were becoming too costly or simply unavailable due to perceptions
of increased risk. No financial formula can perfectly gauge the risks
of a terrorist attack in terms of the scope of damage. Following 9/11,
many insurance companies were refusing to cover damages
stemming from terrorist activities. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act
enabled insurers to once again include. Terrorism insurance as a part
of their coverage. Without this legislation, the cost of coverage
7. against terrorism acts would be too steep for most businesses to
purchase.
9/11 Not to Blame for Subsequent Problems
The U.S. economy is legendary for its strength and resilience, and the
national character is persistently optimistic. No more than weeks had
elapsed before the Dow Jones, the Nasdaq, and the S&P had
regained their pre-9/11 price levels. Yet the size, scope, and strength
of the U.S. economy was so immense that, when all the calculations
had been concluded, the damage was relatively small. The most
severe effects were felt in a geographically limited area—Manhattan,
Washington, D.C., and Virginia—so the economic damage didn't
ripple out too far from Ground Zero. A variety of serious economic
problems hit the U.S. in the years following 9/11, many of which the
economy is struggling with currently. But the tragic 9/11 attacks,
cited by the late terrorist leader Osama Bin-Laden as an effort to
destroy the American economy, did not produce the desired effect.
HYPOTHESES
In exploring the political change of 9/11 families and neighbours
relative to comparison groups, I examined hypotheses bearing on
two dimensions: activation and directionality. The activation
hypothesis is that individuals who lost someone on 9/11 will have
become more politically engaged. Although 9/11 brought out a high
level of civic activity among the population at large, there is a general
tendency of victims of war violence and crime to engage politically,
for reasons including a desire to prevent future tragedies of the kind
that befell them, a psychological demand for solidarity with other
victims, an increased reliance on public institutions for support, and
general downstream effects of “posttraumatic growth”. The
longevity of an activation effect has not been thoroughly assessed in
8. prior research, but I tested for change in participation up to 11 years
following the attack.
The primary directional hypothesis is that close relations of 9/11
victims will have become more politically conservative following the
attack. Past research indicates increases in feelings of threat,
authoritarianism, and conservatism following 9/11. [However,
individuals who reported personally knowing victims were also found
to have high levels of anxiety, which correlated with more dovish
political preferences. An alternative hypothesis of “ideological
intensification” suggests that individuals engage more intensely with
their preexisting political dispositions following events like 9/11, with
liberals becoming more intensely liberal and conservatives becoming
more intensely conservative. Although 9/11 had no lasting
perceptible effect on the policy positions or ideological dispositions
of typical Americans, the lasting effects on victims’ families and
neighbours are heretofore unexamined.
TIMELINE
September 11, 2001
5:45 AM – Mohamed Atta and Abdul Aziz al-Omari, two of the
intended hijackers, pass through security at the Portland
International Jetport in Maine. They board a commuter flight to
Boston Logan International Airport, they then board American
Airlines Flight 11.
7:59 AM – Flight 11 takes off from Boston, headed for Los Angeles,
California. There are 76 passengers, 11 crew members, and 5
hijackers on board.
9. 8:15 AM – United Airlines Flight 175 takes off from Boston, also
headed for Los Angeles. There are 51 passengers, 9 crew members,
and 5 hijackers on board.
8:19 AM – A flight attendant on Flight 11, Betty Ann Ong, alerts
ground personnel that a hijacking is underway and that the cockpit is
unreachable.
8:20 AM – American Airlines Flight 77 takes off from Dulles, outside
of Washington, DC, headed for Los Angeles. There are 53 passengers,
6 crew members, and 5 hijackers on board.
8:24 AM – Mohamed Atta, a hijacker on Flight 11, unintentionally
alerts air controllers in Boston to the attack. He meant to press the
button that allowed him to talk to the passengers on his flight.
8:37 AM – After hearing the broadcast from Atta on Flight 11, Boston
air traffic control alerts the US Air Force’s Northeast Defense Sector,
who then mobilize the Air National Guard to follow the plane.
8:42 AM – United Flight 93 takes off from Newark, New Jersey, after
a delay due to routine traffic. It was headed for San Francisco,
California. There are 33 passengers, 7 crew members, and 4 hijackers
are on board.
8:46 AM – Flight 11 crashes into the World Trade Center’s North
Tower. All passengers aboard are instantly killed, and employees of
the WTC are trapped above the 91st floor.
9:03 AM – Flight 175 crashes into the WTC’s South Tower. All
passengers aboard are killed instantly and so are an unknown
number of people in the tower.
9:05 AM – President George W. Bush, in an elementary school
classroom in Florida, is informed about the hit on the second tower.
10. His chief of staff, Andrew Card, whispers the chilling news into the
president’s ear. Bush later wrote about his response: “I made the
decision not to jump up immediately and leave the classroom. I
didn’t want to rattle the kids. I wanted to project a sense of calm… I
had been in enough crises to know that the first thing the leader has
to do is to project calm.” (Miller Center)
9:28 AM – Hijackers attack on Flight 93.
9:37 AM – Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon. All passengers aboard
are instantly killed and so are 125 civilian and military personnel in
the building.
9:45 AM – US airspace is shut down under Operation Yellow Ribbon.
All civilian aircraft are ordered to land at the nearest airport.
9:55 AM – Air Force One with President George W. Bush aboard
takes off from Florida.
9:57 AM – Passengers aboard Flight 93 begin to run up toward the
cockpit. Jarrah, the pilot, begins to roll the plane back and forth in an
attempt to destabilize the revolt.
9:59 AM – The South Tower of the World Trade Center collapses.
10:02 AM – Flight 93 plows into an empty field in Shanksville,
Pennsylvania. Although its ultimate target is unknown, it was likely
heading for either the White House or the US Capitol.
10:18 AM – President Bush authorizes any non-grounded planes to
be shot down. At that time, all four hijacked planes had already
crashed but the president’s team was operating under the
impression that Flight 93 was still in the air.
10:28 AM – The North Tower of the World Trade Center collapses.
11. 10:53 AM – Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld orders the US
military to move to a higher state of alert, going to DEFCON 3.
11:45 AM – Air Force 1 lands at Barksdale Air Force Base near
Shreveport, Louisiana.
12:15 PM – Airspace in the United States is completely free of all
commercial and private flights.
1:30 PM – Air Force 1 leaves Barksdale.
2:30 PM – Rudy Giuliani, the mayor of New York City, visits the fallen
Twin Towers of the World Trade Center at what becomes known as
Ground Zero.
3:00 PM – Air Force 1 lands at Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska, and
President Bush is immediately taken to a secure bunker that is
capable of withstanding a nuclear attack.
4:30 PM – Air Force 1 leaves Offutt and heads back toward Andrews
Air Force base near Washington, DC.
5:30 PM – Building 7 of the World Trade Center collapses.
8:30 PM – President Bush addresses the nation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERNET
TEACHER
https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/
https://www.911memorial.org/
https://www.encyclopedia.com/
https://www.pnas.org/doi/