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MCRB SWIA and
International initiatives for
responsible mining
Vicky Bowman, Director, Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business
10 March 2019, Monywa
www.mcrb.org.mm
myanmar.responsible.business
www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/my/swia/mining.html
SWIA ေတြ႔ရွိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား – အဓွ္ စွနမေိခ ႈ ၅ ႔ပမ
၁။ သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား ရငမႏ ္မ မသကမႏ ူဝါဒ ခ်က ်ား၊ ဥပေဒ ခ်က ်ား၊ စကမ်ား ခ်ကဥမ်ား စကမ်ား္ မ်ား ခ်က ်ား ရ
႐ရငမ်ားလငမ်ား ႈ ႐ရွျိငမ်ား ရငမႏ တ ဝနမ ူ ႈ႐ရွေသ ႔ငမ်ား ရ်ား ရၳဳပမ ရ ႈျပစမလ ေစ႔နမ အဟနမြအတ ်ား ခ်က ်ား
႔ရွေနျိငမ်ား။
Policies, laws and regulations relevant to mining activities lack clarity and inhibit
responsible investment
၂ ။ သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား ရ သ ဘပတမဝနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ၊လူ ႈေ႔်ား ရငမႏ
လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ွငမ႔ သ္မေ႔ ္မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား အ ်ားေစ ငမႏ္ကႏမျိငမ်ား ရငမႏ
္ွငမတ မေျပ႐ရငမ်ား႔နမ
တ ဘနမ႔ရွသကမႏအစွ်ား႔ ရငမႏ စ်ားပ ်ားေ႔်ားလပမငနမ်ား ခ်က ်ားး စ မ်ားေ ငမ႔ကမ ရ အ္နမြအသတမ႐ရွေနျိငမ်ား။
The capacity of government and business to monitor and address environmental,
social and human rights impacts of mining is limited
SWIA ေတြ႔ရွိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား – အဓွ္ စွနမေိခ ႈ ၅ ႔ပမ
၃။ ဓ တမသတၳဳလပမငနမ်ားေ္ ငမင ျပစမေပခလ ေသ သ ဝပတမဝနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ၊ လူ ႈေ႔်ား ရငမင လူငအိငမငအေ႔်ား
ွငမ႔ ထွိွ္မ ူ ခ်က ်ား ေဒသိ ခ်က ်ားအပခ သ္မေ႔ ္မျိငမ်ား။
The environmental, social and human rights costs of mining are externalised on local
communities
၄။ ပဋွပ္ၡျပစမပ ်ား႔ ေဒသ ခ်က ်ား႐ရွ သတၳဳလပမငနမ်ား ွငမ႔ အပမိခ်ကၳဳပမ ႈစနစမမ ရ လနမစ ျပ န ႔ရွေနျိငမ်ား။
Governance of mining in conflict-affected areas is highly problematic
၅။သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား္႑တငမ တ႔ ်ား ဝငမတူ်ားေပ မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား ္ခ်က မ္ခ်က မျပနမြျပနမြ လပမေ ငမေနျိငမ်ားအ ်ား ္ွ
်ားအ ်ား ္ွငမတ မေျပ ႐ရငမ်ား႔နမ လွအပမေနျိငမ်ား။
Extensive informality in the mining sector needs to be addressed
ျ နမ ွငမငး အစွ်ား႔သွြ အသ္ျပၳဳိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား (1)
Recommendations to the Government of Myanmar
၁။ အ ခ်ကၳဳွ်ားသ ်ားအ ငမႏ ဓ တမသတၳဳသ ဇ တ ူူဘါဒ္ွ အေ္ ငမအထကမေပ မ
ေ ငမ႔္မ႔နမ ရငမႏ ၎္ွ သတၳဳတငမ်ား ွငမ႔ စကမ်ား ခ်ကဥမ်ား ဥပေဒအသစမအတ္မ
အေျိိအျပစမအသ်ားျပၳဳ႔နမ၊ ျ နမ ႏ ဓ တမသတၳဳ သ ဇ တ ရ ေဒသိ ခ်က ်ားအတ္မ
အ္ခ်ကွၳဳ်ား႔ရွေစ႔နမ ရငမႏ ပဋွပ္ၡသွြ တနမ်ားအ ်ား ေပ်ား ႈ ခ်က ်ား ္မလ္မ ျပစမပ ်ားေစေ႔်ား
ေသိခ်က ေစ႔နမ။
1. Adopt a National Mineral Resources Policy; use it as the basis for
new mining legislation, and for ensuring Myanmar’s mineral resources
benefit local people and do not drive continued conflict.
ျ နမ ွငမငး အစွ်ား႔သွြ အသ္ျပၳဳိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား (2)
Recommendations to the Government of Myanmar
၂။ သ ဘပတမဘနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ ွငမ႔ ၊ ေ ်ားအ ႔ မ ွငမ႔ ၊ ႔ငမ်ား ရ်ားျ ရပမ ရ ႈ ွငမ႔ ရငမႏ သတၳဳတငမ်ား ွငမ႔ ပါ စမ ခ်က ်ား္ွ
ထတမေပ်ား႔ တငမ ႔ွ်ား႔ရငမ်ား ႈ ရငမႏ ္မစပမ္ွ္မက ႈ႔ရွ႔နမ လွအပမ္ပ်ား ၎တွြ ရငမႏ ္မစပမသကမႏ ဥပေဒ ခ်က ်ား ရ လကမ်ား
အလ ်ားတူ ႔ွ်ား႔ရငမ်ား္ွ္မက ႈ႔ရွ႔နမ လွအပမပါသကမ။
2. Simplify and align mining, investment, environmental and safety permitting, and the legislation
which underpins it
၃။ သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား၌ ပတမဘနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ ရငမႏ လူ ႈေ႔်ား ွငမ႔ ္ ္ မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား လပမေ ငမ႔နမအတ္မ
္ွ္မက ႈ ႔ရွသကမ ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ လစမဟ ႈ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ေျပ႔ရငမ်ား႔နမ။
3. Address gaps and inconsistencies in environmental and social safeguards for mining
ျ နမ ွငမငး အစွ်ား႔သွြ အသ္ျပၳဳိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား (3)
၄။ ဥပေဒ ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ ပါ စမ ရငမႏသ္မ ွငမေသ တ ဘနမ၊ ဘတ႔ ်ား ခ်က ်ားအ ်ား လွ္မန ရ တွ်ားတ္မ လ ေစေ႔်ား
တနမ်ားအ ်ားေပ်ား႔နမ။
Simplify and align mining, investment, environmental and safety permitting, and the legislation which
underpins it
၅။ တ႔ ်ားစ႔ငမေ႔်ား ရငမႏ ျပငမပတ႔ ်ားစ႔ငမေ႔်ားစနစမ ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ ွငမေသ ္စ ်ားသကမႏ လပမငနမ်ားစဥမ ခ်က ်ား
အ ်ားေ္ ငမ်ားလ ေစ႔နမ။
Strengthen processes for judicial and non-judicial remedy
၆။ အ ခ်က ်ားျပကမသူ ပူ်ားေပါငမ်ားပါဘငမျိငမ်ား ရငမႏ ပငမႏလငမ်ားျ ငမသ ႈ ခ်က ်ား တွ်ားတ္မလ ေစ႔နမ။
Enhance public participation and transparency
၇။ လ္မလပမလ္မစ ်ား သတၳဳလပမငနမ်ား ခ်က ်ား တ႔ ဘငမျပစမလ ေစေ႔်ား တွ်ားျ ရငမႏလပမေ ငမ႔နမ ရငမႏ အ ႔ မ
ျပစမေစ ွငမသကမႏ အေလႏအ္ခ်ကငမႏ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ေလခ်က ႏိခ်က႔နမ။
Take steps towards formalising subsistence mining and reducing harmful practices
International standards and initiatives
 UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human
Rights (UNGPs)
 Voluntary Principles on Security and Human
Rights (VPSHR)
 IFC Performance Standards (IFC PS1-8)
 International Council of Mining and Metals
(ICMM)
 Intergovernmental Forum on Mining
 Extractives Industries Transparency Initiative
(EITI)
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
စ်ားပ ်ားေ႔်ား ရငမႏ လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ွငမ႔ လ မ်ားကနမအေျိိ ူ ခ်က ်ား (2011)
Prof. John
Ruggie, Special
Representative
to the United
Nations
Secretary
General,
2005-2011
State duty to
PROTECT
human rights
ွငမငေတ မး
လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား
္ ္ မ႔နမ
တ ဘနမ
Policies ူဘါဒ ခ်က ်ား
Law and
Regulation
ဥပေဒ
စကမ်ား ခ်ကဥမ်ား ခ်က ်ား
Adjudication
စ႔ငမိခ်က္မိခ်ကျိငမ်ား
Corporate responsibility
to RESPECT human
rights စ်ားပ ်ားေ႔်ား
လပမငနမ်ား္်ား ခ်က ်ားး
လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား
ေလ်ားစ ်ားလွ္မန တ ႔နမ တ ဘနမ
Act with due diligence to avoid
infringement ထွိွ္မနစမန ႈ ခ်က ်ား၊
အိငမႏအေ႔်ား ိခ်ကွၳဳ်ားေပ ္မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား္ွ
ေ႔ရ ငမ္ဥမ႔နမ သ္ွၳဳတငမ နမ်ားစစမ၊
္ ္ မတ ်ားစ်ားျိငမ်ား ခ်က ်ားလပမေ
ေ ငမ႔နမ
Address impacts
သ္မေ႔ ္မထွိွ္မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား္ွ
ေျပ႔ရငမ်ား႔နမ
Access to REMEDY
ျပနမလကမ ေ္ ငမ်ား နမေအ ငမ
ျပၳဳျပငမျိငမ်ား/ ထွိွ္မ
နစမန ႈ ခ်က ်ားအ ်ား
္စ ်ားျိငမ်ား ခ်က ်ား္ွ
လ္မလရ မ်ား ရ ႈ
Effective access for victims
ထွိွ္မနစမန ိႏ႔သူ ခ်က ်ားအတ္မ
ထွေ႔ ္မေသ ္စ ်ား ႈ္ွ
လ္မလရ မ်ား ႈ
Judicial and non-judicial
တ႔ ်ားဥပေဒ၊
တ႔ ်ား႔်ား ရငမႏ ွငမေသ
နစမန ိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား ္စ ်ား ႈ/
တ႔ ်ား႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ ွငမ ျပငမပ၌
နစမန ိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား ္စ ်ား ႈ
 A framework for extractives companies to effectively manage security
and human rights risk in complex environments, with practical
guidelines for:
 Comprehensive risk assessment on security risks and potential
for human rights impacts
 Interaction with Public Security Providers (army, police etc) in a
way that promotes protection of human rights
 Interaction with Private Security Providers (companies) in a
manner that respects human rights.
 Platform where companies, governments, and NGOs can jointly
solve problems, and build best practice on security and human rights
challenges
 Reporting/disclosure requirements for members
 VPSHR now used by other organisations and other sectors
e.g.World Bank/IFC
 Aligned to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
(2011)
VPSHR: Who? (participants at international level)
 Companies:
 Oil and Gas: BHP Billiton, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Frontera Energy,
Galp Energia, Hess Corporation, Oil Search, Seven Energy, Shell, Statoil, Total, Tullow
Oil, Woodside Energy
 Mining: Agnico Eagle, Alphamin Bisie Mining SA, Anglo American, AngloGold Ashanti,
Barrick Gold Corporation, Freeport-McMoRan, Glencore, Goldcorp, Newcrest Mining,
Newmont Mining, Norsk Hydro, PanAust, Repsol, Rio Tinto, Sherritt International, Vale
 Governments: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Ghana, The Netherlands, Norway,
Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States
 NGOs: CDA Collaborative Learning (RAFT in Myanmar), Coginta, COMPPART, The Fund
for Peace, Human Rights Watch, IMPACT, International Alert, LITE-Africa, New Nigeria
Foundation, Pact, Partners for Democratic Change International, PAX, Search for Common
Ground
 Observers: Comité Minero Energético (CME), Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of
Armed Forces (DCAF), International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM), World
Bank/International Finance Corporation (IFC), Institute for Human Rights and Business (co-
founder of MCRB), International Committee of the Red Cross, IPIECA (oil and gas
companies), and ICoCA (security companies – see next slide).
So, are the Voluntary Principles
on Security and Human Rights
relevant to Myanmar?
Definitely!
• Effective VPSHR
implementation could
have helped prevent
injury and death at
Letpadaung….
• November 2012: A
number of local
community members,
including monks, were
injured when police used
white phosphorus on
protesters
• December 2014:
Demonstrator Daw Khin
Win was killed by a
police bullet
Letpadaung Copper Mine
Daw Khin Win: MNHRC Recommendations
မြန်ြာနိုင်ငံအြ ျိုးသာျိုးလ ူ့အခွငူ့်အရ ျိုးရ ာ်ြရှင်၏ အက ံမ တို ်တွန်ျိုးခ ်
၃၀။ ဆ ားလင်ားက ားရဲစခန်ားတွင်ဖွင်လှစ်ထ ားသည်
သသမှုသသခင်ားအမှတ်စဉ်(၄/၂၀၁၄)အ ား ဥပ​​သေအရ ဆ ်လ ်
အသရားယူသဆ င်ရွ ်သင်ပါသည်။
၃၁။ စစ် ိုင်ားတိုင်ားသေသက ား ရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ မားရိုား၏ လ ်ပသတ င်ားသတ င်
သ ားနစမ န်ားဧရယ အတွင်ား ခခစည်ားရိုားတိုားခ ဲွဲ့ ရစဉ် သဆ င်ရွ ်မည်
လိုခခြုံသရားစမခ ် ို စနစ်တ အသ င်အထည်သဖ ်ရန် အ ားနည်ား ခဲသည်
ွပ် ဲမှုအဖွဲွဲ့ မှ တ ဝန်ရှသူမ ားအ ား သဖ ်ထိုတ်၍ ထို ်သင်သလို
အသရားယူသဆ င်ရွ ်သင် ပါသည်။
၃၂။ စစ် ိုင်ားတိုင်ားသေသက ား ရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ မားရိုား၏ လ ်ပသတ င်ားသတ င်
သ ားနစမ န်ားဧရယ အတွင်ား ခခစည်ားရိုားတိုားခ ဲွဲ့ ရစဉ်
သဆ င်ရွ ်မည်လိုခခြုံသရားစမခ ်ပါ ညွှန် ားခ ်မ ား ို တ စွ လို ်န
သဆ င်ရွ ်ခဲခခင်ားမရှသည် ရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ဝင်တိုအ ား သဖ ်ထိုတ်၍ ခမန်မ နိုင်ငရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့
စည်ား မ်ားထန်ားသမ်ားသရား ဥပသေနှင်အည ထသရ ်စွ အသရားယူသင်ပါသည်။
၃၃။ လ ်ပသတ င်ားသတ င်သ ားနစမ န်ားနှင် စပ်လ ဉ်ားသသ လိုပ်ငန်ားမ ား ို
သဆ င်ရွ ်ရ တွင် လိုခခြုံသရား ဆိုင်ရ စစရပ်မ ားအ ား အဘ ်ဘ ်မှ
အခပန်အလှန် သိုားသပ်၍ ထခို ်နစ်န ဆိုားရှုားမှုမ ား ထပ်မမခဖစ်သပေါ်သအ င်
အသ င်အထည်သဖ ်သဆ င်ရွ ်သင်သ င်ား တင်ခပအပ်ပါသည်။
ခမန်မ နိုင်ငအမ ြုံားသ ားလူအခွင်အသရားသ ်မရှင်
ရ ်စွဲ၊ ၂၀၁၅ ခိုနှစ်၊ ဇန်နဝါရလ ၁၄ ရ ်
30. The case filed under manslaughter case no. (4/2014) at
the Salingyi police station should be further pursued
according to law.
31. As there was dereliction in the supervision of the
implementation of the Plan drawn up by the Office of the
Sagaing Region Police Force concerning the security
during the fencing of the Copper Mine Project, all
responsible personnel of the Monitoring body should be
investigated and due action taken against them.
32. As there was dereliction in the implementation of the
Plan drawn up by the Office of the Sagaing Region Police
Force concerning the security during the fencing of the
Copper Mine Project, all responsible police personnel
should have action taken against them in accordance with
the discipline law of Myanmar Police Force.
33. The implementation of the security activities regarding
the Letpadaungtaung Copper Project should be thoroughly
reviewed to prevent loss and damages of this kind from
occurring again.
Myanmar National Human Rights Commission. 14/1/2015
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Performance Standards
• International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an
agency of the World Bank which works with and
invests in the private sector
• IFCsets standards for environmental and social
sustainability for the companies it invests in:
• Performance Standards 1-8
• Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines
• General
• Sectoral
• International companies often refer to these
standards in their own policies/SOPs
• Myanmar’s Environmental Conservation
Department (ECD) of MONREC also refers to
these standards, particularly for Environmental
Impact Assessment
Myanmar translation available at
www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/pdf/resources/IFC-Performance-Standards-on-Environmental-and-Social-Sustainability_my.pdf
IFC Performance Standards, and Mining Guidelines
PS1: Assessment &
management of
environmental & social risk
& impacts
PS2: Labor &
working conditions
PS3: Resource
efficiency & pollution
prevention
PS4: Community
health, safety & security
PS5: Land
acquisition & involuntary
resettlement
PS7: Indigenous
Peoples
PS8: Cultural Heritage
PS6: Biodiversity conservation &
sustainable management of
living natural resources
International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM)
www.icmm.com
 Established in 2001 to act as a
catalyst for performance
improvement in the mining and
metals industry.
 Brings together 27 mining and
metals companies as well as over
30 national and regional mining
associations and global commodity
associations to address the core
sustainable development
challenges faced by the industry.
 PanAust is a member
Other ICMM publications relevant to Sagaing Gold Mining
www.icmm.com
Intergovernmental Forum (IGF) on Mining
• Over 60 countries as
members
• Myanmar
government is a
member
• Offers guidance to
governments on
mining policy and law,
and on artisanal
mining
• Supported by
Government of
Canada
See www.myanmareiti.org
EITI Data on Gold Mining in Sagaing
www.eisourcebook.org

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9 mining swia and international initiatives bowman mcrb

  • 1. MCRB SWIA and International initiatives for responsible mining Vicky Bowman, Director, Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business 10 March 2019, Monywa www.mcrb.org.mm myanmar.responsible.business
  • 3. SWIA ေတြ႔ရွိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား – အဓွ္ စွနမေိခ ႈ ၅ ႔ပမ ၁။ သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား ရငမႏ ္မ မသကမႏ ူဝါဒ ခ်က ်ား၊ ဥပေဒ ခ်က ်ား၊ စကမ်ား ခ်ကဥမ်ား စကမ်ား္ မ်ား ခ်က ်ား ရ ႐ရငမ်ားလငမ်ား ႈ ႐ရွျိငမ်ား ရငမႏ တ ဝနမ ူ ႈ႐ရွေသ ႔ငမ်ား ရ်ား ရၳဳပမ ရ ႈျပစမလ ေစ႔နမ အဟနမြအတ ်ား ခ်က ်ား ႔ရွေနျိငမ်ား။ Policies, laws and regulations relevant to mining activities lack clarity and inhibit responsible investment ၂ ။ သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား ရ သ ဘပတမဝနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ၊လူ ႈေ႔်ား ရငမႏ လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ွငမ႔ သ္မေ႔ ္မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား အ ်ားေစ ငမႏ္ကႏမျိငမ်ား ရငမႏ ္ွငမတ မေျပ႐ရငမ်ား႔နမ တ ဘနမ႔ရွသကမႏအစွ်ား႔ ရငမႏ စ်ားပ ်ားေ႔်ားလပမငနမ်ား ခ်က ်ားး စ မ်ားေ ငမ႔ကမ ရ အ္နမြအသတမ႐ရွေနျိငမ်ား။ The capacity of government and business to monitor and address environmental, social and human rights impacts of mining is limited
  • 4. SWIA ေတြ႔ရွိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား – အဓွ္ စွနမေိခ ႈ ၅ ႔ပမ ၃။ ဓ တမသတၳဳလပမငနမ်ားေ္ ငမင ျပစမေပခလ ေသ သ ဝပတမဝနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ၊ လူ ႈေ႔်ား ရငမင လူငအိငမငအေ႔်ား ွငမ႔ ထွိွ္မ ူ ခ်က ်ား ေဒသိ ခ်က ်ားအပခ သ္မေ႔ ္မျိငမ်ား။ The environmental, social and human rights costs of mining are externalised on local communities ၄။ ပဋွပ္ၡျပစမပ ်ား႔ ေဒသ ခ်က ်ား႐ရွ သတၳဳလပမငနမ်ား ွငမ႔ အပမိခ်ကၳဳပမ ႈစနစမမ ရ လနမစ ျပ န ႔ရွေနျိငမ်ား။ Governance of mining in conflict-affected areas is highly problematic ၅။သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား္႑တငမ တ႔ ်ား ဝငမတူ်ားေပ မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား ္ခ်က မ္ခ်က မျပနမြျပနမြ လပမေ ငမေနျိငမ်ားအ ်ား ္ွ ်ားအ ်ား ္ွငမတ မေျပ ႐ရငမ်ား႔နမ လွအပမေနျိငမ်ား။ Extensive informality in the mining sector needs to be addressed
  • 5. ျ နမ ွငမငး အစွ်ား႔သွြ အသ္ျပၳဳိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား (1) Recommendations to the Government of Myanmar ၁။ အ ခ်ကၳဳွ်ားသ ်ားအ ငမႏ ဓ တမသတၳဳသ ဇ တ ူူဘါဒ္ွ အေ္ ငမအထကမေပ မ ေ ငမ႔္မ႔နမ ရငမႏ ၎္ွ သတၳဳတငမ်ား ွငမ႔ စကမ်ား ခ်ကဥမ်ား ဥပေဒအသစမအတ္မ အေျိိအျပစမအသ်ားျပၳဳ႔နမ၊ ျ နမ ႏ ဓ တမသတၳဳ သ ဇ တ ရ ေဒသိ ခ်က ်ားအတ္မ အ္ခ်ကွၳဳ်ား႔ရွေစ႔နမ ရငမႏ ပဋွပ္ၡသွြ တနမ်ားအ ်ား ေပ်ား ႈ ခ်က ်ား ္မလ္မ ျပစမပ ်ားေစေ႔်ား ေသိခ်က ေစ႔နမ။ 1. Adopt a National Mineral Resources Policy; use it as the basis for new mining legislation, and for ensuring Myanmar’s mineral resources benefit local people and do not drive continued conflict.
  • 6. ျ နမ ွငမငး အစွ်ား႔သွြ အသ္ျပၳဳိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား (2) Recommendations to the Government of Myanmar ၂။ သ ဘပတမဘနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ ွငမ႔ ၊ ေ ်ားအ ႔ မ ွငမ႔ ၊ ႔ငမ်ား ရ်ားျ ရပမ ရ ႈ ွငမ႔ ရငမႏ သတၳဳတငမ်ား ွငမ႔ ပါ စမ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ထတမေပ်ား႔ တငမ ႔ွ်ား႔ရငမ်ား ႈ ရငမႏ ္မစပမ္ွ္မက ႈ႔ရွ႔နမ လွအပမ္ပ်ား ၎တွြ ရငမႏ ္မစပမသကမႏ ဥပေဒ ခ်က ်ား ရ လကမ်ား အလ ်ားတူ ႔ွ်ား႔ရငမ်ား္ွ္မက ႈ႔ရွ႔နမ လွအပမပါသကမ။ 2. Simplify and align mining, investment, environmental and safety permitting, and the legislation which underpins it ၃။ သတၳဳတငမ်ားလပမငနမ်ား၌ ပတမဘနမ်ား္ခ်ကငမ ရငမႏ လူ ႈေ႔်ား ွငမ႔ ္ ္ မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား လပမေ ငမ႔နမအတ္မ ္ွ္မက ႈ ႔ရွသကမ ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ လစမဟ ႈ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ေျပ႔ရငမ်ား႔နမ။ 3. Address gaps and inconsistencies in environmental and social safeguards for mining
  • 7. ျ နမ ွငမငး အစွ်ား႔သွြ အသ္ျပၳဳိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား (3) ၄။ ဥပေဒ ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ ပါ စမ ရငမႏသ္မ ွငမေသ တ ဘနမ၊ ဘတ႔ ်ား ခ်က ်ားအ ်ား လွ္မန ရ တွ်ားတ္မ လ ေစေ႔်ား တနမ်ားအ ်ားေပ်ား႔နမ။ Simplify and align mining, investment, environmental and safety permitting, and the legislation which underpins it ၅။ တ႔ ်ားစ႔ငမေ႔်ား ရငမႏ ျပငမပတ႔ ်ားစ႔ငမေ႔်ားစနစမ ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ ွငမေသ ္စ ်ားသကမႏ လပမငနမ်ားစဥမ ခ်က ်ား အ ်ားေ္ ငမ်ားလ ေစ႔နမ။ Strengthen processes for judicial and non-judicial remedy ၆။ အ ခ်က ်ားျပကမသူ ပူ်ားေပါငမ်ားပါဘငမျိငမ်ား ရငမႏ ပငမႏလငမ်ားျ ငမသ ႈ ခ်က ်ား တွ်ားတ္မလ ေစ႔နမ။ Enhance public participation and transparency ၇။ လ္မလပမလ္မစ ်ား သတၳဳလပမငနမ်ား ခ်က ်ား တ႔ ဘငမျပစမလ ေစေ႔်ား တွ်ားျ ရငမႏလပမေ ငမ႔နမ ရငမႏ အ ႔ မ ျပစမေစ ွငမသကမႏ အေလႏအ္ခ်ကငမႏ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ေလခ်က ႏိခ်က႔နမ။ Take steps towards formalising subsistence mining and reducing harmful practices
  • 8. International standards and initiatives  UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs)  Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (VPSHR)  IFC Performance Standards (IFC PS1-8)  International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM)  Intergovernmental Forum on Mining  Extractives Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
  • 9. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights စ်ားပ ်ားေ႔်ား ရငမႏ လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ွငမ႔ လ မ်ားကနမအေျိိ ူ ခ်က ်ား (2011) Prof. John Ruggie, Special Representative to the United Nations Secretary General, 2005-2011 State duty to PROTECT human rights ွငမငေတ မး လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ္ ္ မ႔နမ တ ဘနမ Policies ူဘါဒ ခ်က ်ား Law and Regulation ဥပေဒ စကမ်ား ခ်ကဥမ်ား ခ်က ်ား Adjudication စ႔ငမိခ်က္မိခ်ကျိငမ်ား Corporate responsibility to RESPECT human rights စ်ားပ ်ားေ႔်ား လပမငနမ်ား္်ား ခ်က ်ားး လူြအိငမႏအေ႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ေလ်ားစ ်ားလွ္မန တ ႔နမ တ ဘနမ Act with due diligence to avoid infringement ထွိွ္မနစမန ႈ ခ်က ်ား၊ အိငမႏအေ႔်ား ိခ်ကွၳဳ်ားေပ ္မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ေ႔ရ ငမ္ဥမ႔နမ သ္ွၳဳတငမ နမ်ားစစမ၊ ္ ္ မတ ်ားစ်ားျိငမ်ား ခ်က ်ားလပမေ ေ ငမ႔နမ Address impacts သ္မေ႔ ္မထွိွ္မ ႈ ခ်က ်ား္ွ ေျပ႔ရငမ်ား႔နမ Access to REMEDY ျပနမလကမ ေ္ ငမ်ား နမေအ ငမ ျပၳဳျပငမျိငမ်ား/ ထွိွ္မ နစမန ႈ ခ်က ်ားအ ်ား ္စ ်ားျိငမ်ား ခ်က ်ား္ွ လ္မလရ မ်ား ရ ႈ Effective access for victims ထွိွ္မနစမန ိႏ႔သူ ခ်က ်ားအတ္မ ထွေ႔ ္မေသ ္စ ်ား ႈ္ွ လ္မလရ မ်ား ႈ Judicial and non-judicial တ႔ ်ားဥပေဒ၊ တ႔ ်ား႔်ား ရငမႏ ွငမေသ နစမန ိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား ္စ ်ား ႈ/ တ႔ ်ား႔်ား ခ်က ်ား ရငမႏ ွငမ ျပငမပ၌ နစမန ိခ်က္မ ခ်က ်ား ္စ ်ား ႈ
  • 10.  A framework for extractives companies to effectively manage security and human rights risk in complex environments, with practical guidelines for:  Comprehensive risk assessment on security risks and potential for human rights impacts  Interaction with Public Security Providers (army, police etc) in a way that promotes protection of human rights  Interaction with Private Security Providers (companies) in a manner that respects human rights.  Platform where companies, governments, and NGOs can jointly solve problems, and build best practice on security and human rights challenges  Reporting/disclosure requirements for members  VPSHR now used by other organisations and other sectors e.g.World Bank/IFC  Aligned to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011)
  • 11. VPSHR: Who? (participants at international level)  Companies:  Oil and Gas: BHP Billiton, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Frontera Energy, Galp Energia, Hess Corporation, Oil Search, Seven Energy, Shell, Statoil, Total, Tullow Oil, Woodside Energy  Mining: Agnico Eagle, Alphamin Bisie Mining SA, Anglo American, AngloGold Ashanti, Barrick Gold Corporation, Freeport-McMoRan, Glencore, Goldcorp, Newcrest Mining, Newmont Mining, Norsk Hydro, PanAust, Repsol, Rio Tinto, Sherritt International, Vale  Governments: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Ghana, The Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States  NGOs: CDA Collaborative Learning (RAFT in Myanmar), Coginta, COMPPART, The Fund for Peace, Human Rights Watch, IMPACT, International Alert, LITE-Africa, New Nigeria Foundation, Pact, Partners for Democratic Change International, PAX, Search for Common Ground  Observers: Comité Minero Energético (CME), Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM), World Bank/International Finance Corporation (IFC), Institute for Human Rights and Business (co- founder of MCRB), International Committee of the Red Cross, IPIECA (oil and gas companies), and ICoCA (security companies – see next slide).
  • 12. So, are the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights relevant to Myanmar? Definitely!
  • 13. • Effective VPSHR implementation could have helped prevent injury and death at Letpadaung…. • November 2012: A number of local community members, including monks, were injured when police used white phosphorus on protesters • December 2014: Demonstrator Daw Khin Win was killed by a police bullet Letpadaung Copper Mine
  • 14. Daw Khin Win: MNHRC Recommendations မြန်ြာနိုင်ငံအြ ျိုးသာျိုးလ ူ့အခွငူ့်အရ ျိုးရ ာ်ြရှင်၏ အက ံမ တို ်တွန်ျိုးခ ် ၃၀။ ဆ ားလင်ားက ားရဲစခန်ားတွင်ဖွင်လှစ်ထ ားသည် သသမှုသသခင်ားအမှတ်စဉ်(၄/၂၀၁၄)အ ား ဥပ​​သေအရ ဆ ်လ ် အသရားယူသဆ င်ရွ ်သင်ပါသည်။ ၃၁။ စစ် ိုင်ားတိုင်ားသေသက ား ရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ မားရိုား၏ လ ်ပသတ င်ားသတ င် သ ားနစမ န်ားဧရယ အတွင်ား ခခစည်ားရိုားတိုားခ ဲွဲ့ ရစဉ် သဆ င်ရွ ်မည် လိုခခြုံသရားစမခ ် ို စနစ်တ အသ င်အထည်သဖ ်ရန် အ ားနည်ား ခဲသည် ွပ် ဲမှုအဖွဲွဲ့ မှ တ ဝန်ရှသူမ ားအ ား သဖ ်ထိုတ်၍ ထို ်သင်သလို အသရားယူသဆ င်ရွ ်သင် ပါသည်။ ၃၂။ စစ် ိုင်ားတိုင်ားသေသက ား ရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ မားရိုား၏ လ ်ပသတ င်ားသတ င် သ ားနစမ န်ားဧရယ အတွင်ား ခခစည်ားရိုားတိုားခ ဲွဲ့ ရစဉ် သဆ င်ရွ ်မည်လိုခခြုံသရားစမခ ်ပါ ညွှန် ားခ ်မ ား ို တ စွ လို ်န သဆ င်ရွ ်ခဲခခင်ားမရှသည် ရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ဝင်တိုအ ား သဖ ်ထိုတ်၍ ခမန်မ နိုင်ငရဲတပ်ဖွဲွဲ့ စည်ား မ်ားထန်ားသမ်ားသရား ဥပသေနှင်အည ထသရ ်စွ အသရားယူသင်ပါသည်။ ၃၃။ လ ်ပသတ င်ားသတ င်သ ားနစမ န်ားနှင် စပ်လ ဉ်ားသသ လိုပ်ငန်ားမ ား ို သဆ င်ရွ ်ရ တွင် လိုခခြုံသရား ဆိုင်ရ စစရပ်မ ားအ ား အဘ ်ဘ ်မှ အခပန်အလှန် သိုားသပ်၍ ထခို ်နစ်န ဆိုားရှုားမှုမ ား ထပ်မမခဖစ်သပေါ်သအ င် အသ င်အထည်သဖ ်သဆ င်ရွ ်သင်သ င်ား တင်ခပအပ်ပါသည်။ ခမန်မ နိုင်ငအမ ြုံားသ ားလူအခွင်အသရားသ ်မရှင် ရ ်စွဲ၊ ၂၀၁၅ ခိုနှစ်၊ ဇန်နဝါရလ ၁၄ ရ ် 30. The case filed under manslaughter case no. (4/2014) at the Salingyi police station should be further pursued according to law. 31. As there was dereliction in the supervision of the implementation of the Plan drawn up by the Office of the Sagaing Region Police Force concerning the security during the fencing of the Copper Mine Project, all responsible personnel of the Monitoring body should be investigated and due action taken against them. 32. As there was dereliction in the implementation of the Plan drawn up by the Office of the Sagaing Region Police Force concerning the security during the fencing of the Copper Mine Project, all responsible police personnel should have action taken against them in accordance with the discipline law of Myanmar Police Force. 33. The implementation of the security activities regarding the Letpadaungtaung Copper Project should be thoroughly reviewed to prevent loss and damages of this kind from occurring again. Myanmar National Human Rights Commission. 14/1/2015
  • 15. International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards • International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an agency of the World Bank which works with and invests in the private sector • IFCsets standards for environmental and social sustainability for the companies it invests in: • Performance Standards 1-8 • Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines • General • Sectoral • International companies often refer to these standards in their own policies/SOPs • Myanmar’s Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) of MONREC also refers to these standards, particularly for Environmental Impact Assessment Myanmar translation available at www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/pdf/resources/IFC-Performance-Standards-on-Environmental-and-Social-Sustainability_my.pdf
  • 16. IFC Performance Standards, and Mining Guidelines PS1: Assessment & management of environmental & social risk & impacts PS2: Labor & working conditions PS3: Resource efficiency & pollution prevention PS4: Community health, safety & security PS5: Land acquisition & involuntary resettlement PS7: Indigenous Peoples PS8: Cultural Heritage PS6: Biodiversity conservation & sustainable management of living natural resources
  • 17. International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) www.icmm.com  Established in 2001 to act as a catalyst for performance improvement in the mining and metals industry.  Brings together 27 mining and metals companies as well as over 30 national and regional mining associations and global commodity associations to address the core sustainable development challenges faced by the industry.  PanAust is a member
  • 18. Other ICMM publications relevant to Sagaing Gold Mining www.icmm.com
  • 19. Intergovernmental Forum (IGF) on Mining • Over 60 countries as members • Myanmar government is a member • Offers guidance to governments on mining policy and law, and on artisanal mining • Supported by Government of Canada
  • 21. EITI Data on Gold Mining in Sagaing