The CRC's first 300 years from 1536 to 1834 saw both defeat and victory for Calvinism. In 1536, John Calvin published the first edition of the Institutes of the Christian Religion which laid out the theological foundations of Calvinism. However, the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 1572 was a major defeat, killing thousands of Huguenots. Yet the 80 Years' War resulted in victory, establishing the independent Dutch Republic. The Synod of Dort in 1619 further defined Calvinist doctrine but its political aspects weakened the church. This led to the "Further Reformation" movement seeking to renew piety. Ultimately, the "Secession of 1834" occurred as some felt the Re